Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

refractory

UK /ɹɪˈfɹæk.tə.ɹi/ · US /ɹɪˈfɹæk.təɹ.i/ adjective, noun

Forms refractories

  1. adjective Obstinate and unruly; strongly opposed to something.
  2. adjective Not affected by great heat.
  3. adjective (medicine) Resistant to treatment; not responding adequately to therapy.
  4. adjective (biology) Incapable of registering a reaction or stimulus.
  5. noun A material or piece of material, such as a brick, that has a very high melting point.
  6. noun A plant or factory that produces such material.

Synonyms

contrary fractious adamant ardent grim untiring bent on bloody-minded bullheaded certain chronic confirmed determined diehard dogged hard-hearted hard-nosed hardheaded headstrong immovable furnace lining stubborn recalcitrant

Etymology

From Latin refractārius (“obstinate”), from refrāctus, past participle of refringere (“to break up”). Originally refractary, refractarie, but reanalysed after other adjectives in -ory.

Webster’s 1913

  1. adjective Obstinate in disobedience; contumacious; stubborn; unmanageable; as, a refractory child; a refractory beast.
  2. adjective Resisting ordinary treatment; difficult of fusion, reduction, or the like; --said especially of metals and the like, which do not readily yield to heat, or to the hammer; as, a refractory ore.
  3. noun A refractory person. Bp. Hall.
  4. noun Refractoriness. [Obs.] Jer. TAylor.

Etymology [L. refractorius, fr. refringere: cf. F. refractaire. See Refract.]

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “refractory”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details

Sanskrit

Sanskrit dictionary entries whose meaning includes “refractory” (best matches first).

All 9 Sanskrit matches →