Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

surface

/ˈsɜː.fɪs/ noun, verb, proper noun

Forms surfaces surfacing surfaced

  1. noun The external boundary of an object or body.
  2. noun The overside or upside of a flat object such as a table, or of a liquid.
  3. noun The outside hull of a tangible object.
  4. noun (figurative) Outward or external appearance. “On the surface, the spy looked like a typical businessman.”
  5. noun (mathematics, geometry) The locus of an equation (especially one with exactly two degrees of freedom) in a space of more than two dimensions.
  6. noun (crosswording) The story or image suggested by a cryptic clue, when read as a whole sentence without considering wordplay.
  7. noun (computer graphics) A portion of the display to which graphics can be rendered. “The video player algorithm requires a target surface.”
  8. verb (transitive) To provide with a surface; to apply a surface to. “The crew surfaced the road with bitumen.”
  9. verb (intransitive) To rise to the surface. “There was great relief when the missing diver finally surfaced.”
  10. verb (transitive) To bring to the surface.
  11. verb (intransitive, figurative) To come out of hiding.
  12. verb (intransitive, of information, facts, content, etc) To become known or apparent; to appear or be found; to come to light.
  13. verb (transitive) To make (information, facts, content, etc) known.
  14. verb (intransitive) To work a mine near the surface.
  15. proper noun A surname.

Synonyms

overside superfice Earth's surface open airfoil aerofoil control surface come up rise up rise coat come on come out turn up show up

Antonyms

subsurface overhead

Etymology

Borrowed from Middle French surface. By surface analysis, sur- + face. Doublet of superficies.

Webster’s 1913

  1. noun The exterior part of anything that has length and breadth; one of the limits that bound a solid, esp. the upper face; superficies; the outside; as, the surface of the earth; the surface of a diamond; the surface of the body.
  2. noun Hence, outward or external appearance.
  3. verb To give a surface to; especially, to cause to have a smooth or plain surface; to make smooth or plain.
  4. verb To work over the surface or soil of, as ground, in hunting for gold.

Etymology [F. See Sur-, and Face, and cf. Superficial.]

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “surface”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details

Sanskrit

Sanskrit dictionary entries whose meaning includes “surface” (best matches first).

All 58 Sanskrit matches →