Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

upward

UK /ˈʌpwəd/ · US /ˈʌpwɚd/ adverb, noun, adjective, proper noun

Forms Upwards

  1. adverb In a direction from lower to higher; toward a higher place; in a course toward the source or origin. “We ran upward.”
  2. adverb In the upper parts; above.
  3. adverb Yet more; indefinitely more; above; over.
  4. noun (obsolete) The upper part; the top.
  5. adjective Directed toward a higher place. “with upward eye; with upward course”
  6. proper noun A surname.

Synonyms

cloudwards up upwards cloudward upwardly

Antonyms

down downwards downward

Etymology

From Old English upweardes, equivalent to up + -ward.

Webster’s 1913

  1. adverb In a direction from lower to higher; toward a higher place; in a course toward the source or origin; --opposed to downward; as, to tend or roll upward. I. Watts.
  2. adverb In the upper parts; above.
  3. adjective Directed toward a higher place; as, with upward eye; with upward course.
  4. noun The upper part; the top. [Obs.]

Etymology [AS. upweardes. See Up-, and -wards.]

Etymology [AS. upweard. See Up, and -ward.]

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “upward”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details

Sanskrit

Sanskrit dictionary entries whose meaning includes “upward” (best matches first).