Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

crust

/kɹʌst/ noun, verb

Forms crusts crusting crusted

  1. noun A more solid, dense or hard layer on a surface or boundary.
  2. noun The external, hardened layer of certain foodstuffs, including most types of bread, fried meat, etc.
  3. noun An outer layer composed of pastry
  4. noun The bread-like base of a pizza.
  5. noun (UK, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, Canada, Northern US) A slice of bread cut from the end of a loaf; the heel.
  6. noun (geology) The outermost layer of the lithosphere of the Earth.
  7. noun (astronomy, by extension) The outermost layer of the lithosphere of any terrestrial planet.
  8. noun The shell of crabs, lobsters, etc.
  9. verb (transitive) To cover with a crust.
  10. verb (intransitive) To form a crust.

Synonyms

daily bread income livelihood heel Earth's crust incrustation encrustation gall impertinence impudence insolence cheekiness freshness

Etymology

From Middle English cruste, from Anglo-Norman and Old French cruste, from Latin crusta (“hard outer covering”), from Proto-Indo-European *krustós (“hardened”), from *krews- (“to form a crust, begin to freeze”), related to Old Norse hroðr (“scurf”), Old English hruse (“earth”), Old High German hrosa (“crust, ice”), Latvian kruvesis (“frozen mud”), Ancient Greek κρύος (krúos, “frost, icy cold”), κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “crystal, ice”), Avestan 𐬑𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬭𐬀- (xruzdra-, “hard”), Sanskrit क्रूड् (krūḍ, “thicken, make hard”). Doublet of crusta.

Webster’s 1913

  1. noun The hard external coat or covering of anything; the hard exterior surface or outer shell; an incrustation; as, a crust of snow.
  2. noun (a) The hard exterior or surface of bread, in distinction from the soft part or crumb; or a piece of bread grown dry or hard.
  3. verb To cover with a crust; to cover or line with an incrustation; to incrust.
  4. verb To gather or contract into a hard crust; to become incrusted.

Etymology [L. crusta: cf. OF. crouste, F. cro; prob. akin to Gr. crystal, from the same root as E. crude, raw. See Raw, and cf. Custard.]

Etymology [Cf. OF. crouster, L. crustare. See Crust, n.]

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “crust”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details

Sanskrit

Sanskrit dictionary entries whose meaning includes “crust” (best matches first).