Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

arctic

UK /ˈɑː(k).tɪk/ · US /ˈɑɹ(k).tɪk/ adjective, proper noun, noun

Forms arctics

  1. adjective (astronomy, now only in compounds) Pertaining to the celestial north pole, or to the pole star.
  2. adjective (geography) Pertaining to the northern polar region of the planet, characterised by extreme cold and an icy landscape.
  3. adjective Extremely cold, snowy, or having other properties of extreme winter associated with the climate of the Arctic.
  4. adjective Designed for use in very cold conditions. “Arctic gear”
  5. proper noun (obsolete) The north celestial pole.
  6. proper noun A continental region consisting of the portion of the Earth north of the Arctic Circle, containing the North Pole.
  7. noun (US, now chiefly historical) A warm waterproof overshoe.
  8. noun Any of various butterflies of the genus Oeneis.

Synonyms

Arctic Zone North Frigid Zone galosh golosh rubber gumshoe north-polar frigid gelid glacial icy polar

Etymology

From Middle English artik, artyk (with the c reintroduced after Latin in the 17th century), from Medieval Latin articus, from Latin arcticus, from Ancient Greek ἀρκτικός (arktikós, “northern, of the (Great) Bear”), from ἄρκτος (árktos, “bear, Ursa Major”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ŕ̥tḱos (“bear”). Cognate with Latin ursus.

Webster’s 1913

  1. adjective Pertaining to, or situated under, the northern constellation called the Bear; northern; frigid; as, the arctic pole, circle, region, ocean; an arctic expedition, night, temperature.
  2. noun The arctic circle.
  3. noun A warm waterproof overshoe. [U.S.]

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “arctic”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details