Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

obligate

UK /ˈɒb.lɪˌɡeɪt/ · US /ˈɑ.blɪˌɡeɪt/ verb, adjective, noun

Forms obligates obligating obligated

  1. verb (transitive) To bind, compel, constrain, or oblige by a social, legal, or moral tie.
  2. verb (transitive, Canada, US, Scotland) To cause to be grateful or indebted; to oblige.
  3. verb (transitive, Canada, US, Scotland) To commit (money, for example) in order to fulfill an obligation.
  4. adjective (biology) Requiring a (specified) way of life, habitat, etc.
  5. adjective Indispensable; essential; necessary; obligatory; mandatory; unavoidably invoked. “In addition to being the obligate food source for monarch caterpillars, milkweeds also provide abundant nectar for the adult butterflies.”
  6. adjective (obsolete) Bound by oath, law or duty.
  7. noun (biology) An obligate organism.

Synonyms

also: force: Synonyms binding compulsatory compulsory decretory forced imperative involuntary mandatory nonoptional obligatory required unbewised unvoluntary compel oblige bind hold

Antonyms

discretionary elective facultative free noncompulsory nonmandatory nonobligate nonobligatory nonrequired nonrequisite optional optionary

Etymology

First attested in 1533; borrowed from Latin obligātus, perfect passive participle of obligō, see -ate (verb-forming suffix). Doublet of oblige, taken through French.

Partly inherited from Middle English obligat(e) (“bound (by any obligation), obliged”), partly directly borrowed from Latin obligātus, see Etymology 1, -ate (adjective-forming suffix) and -ate (noun-forming suffix) for more.

Webster’s 1913

  1. verb To bring or place under obligation, moral or legal; to hold by a constraining motive. "Obligated by a sense of duty." Proudfit.
  2. verb To bind or firmly hold to an act; to compel; to constrain; to bind to any act of duty or courtesy by a formal pledge.

Etymology [L. obligatus, p.p. of obligare. See Oblige.]

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “obligate”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details