Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

bugger

UK /ˈbʌɡə/ · US /ˈbʌɡəɹ/ noun, verb, interjection

Forms buggers buggering buggered

  1. noun (obsolete) A heretic.
  2. noun (UK law) Someone who commits buggery; a sodomite. “The British Sexual Offences Act of 1967 is a buggers’ charter.”
  3. noun (slang, derogatory, Commonwealth, Hawaii) A foolish or worthless person or thing; a despicable person. “He's a silly bugger for losing his keys.”
  4. noun (slang, Commonwealth, Hawaii) A situation that is aggravating or causes dismay; a pain. “So you're stuck out in the woop-woop and the next train back is Thursday next week. Well, that's a bit of a bugger.”
  5. noun (slang, Commonwealth, Hawaii) Someone viewed with affection; a chap. “How are you, you old bugger?”
  6. noun (slang, dated) A damn, anything at all. “I don't give a bugger how important you think it is.”
  7. noun (slang, Commonwealth) Someone who is very fond of something “I'm a bugger for Welsh cakes.”
  8. noun (slang, UK, US) A whippersnapper, a tyke. “What is that little bugger up to now?”
  9. verb To have anal sex with, sodomize.
  10. verb (slang) To break or ruin. “This computer is buggered! Oh no! I've buggered it up.”
  11. verb (slang) Expressing contemptuous dismissal of the grammatical object. “Oh, bugger this! I'm going out for a beer instead.”
  12. interjection (slang, UK, Ireland, Commonwealth, vulgar) An expression of annoyance or displeasure. “Bugger, I've missed the bus.”
  13. noun One who sets a bug (surveillance device); one who bugs.

Synonyms

male homosexual and Thesaurus:fudge packer bummer damn rats whoops sodomite sodomist sod sodomize sodomise

Etymology

From Middle English bougre (“heretic”), from Old French bougre, from Medieval Latin Bulgarus (“Bulgar”), from Old Church Slavonic блъгаринъ (blŭgarinŭ, “Bulgarian”), used in designation of heretics (especially the Bogomils, who arose around the 10th century AD in the First Bulgarian Empire), to whom various sexual practices such as anal sex were ascribed. Doublet of Bulgar.

Webster’s 1913

  1. noun One guilty of buggery or unnatural vice; a sodomite.
  2. noun A wretch; --sometimes used humorously or in playful disparagement. [Low]

Etymology [F. bougre, fr. LL. Bulgarus, a Bulgarian, and also a heretic; because the inhabitants of Bulgaria were infected with heresy. Those guilty of the crime of buggery were called heretics, because in the eyes of their adversaries there was nothing more heinous than heresy, and it was therefore thought that the origin of such a vice could only be owing to heretics.]

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “bugger”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details