Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

“justifying” is a form of

justify

/ˈd͡ʒʌstɪfaɪ/ verb

Forms justifies justifying justified justifie

  1. verb (transitive) To provide an acceptable explanation for. “How can you justify spending so much money on clothes?”
  2. verb (transitive) To be a good reason behind a normally-unacceptable action; to warrant. “Nothing can justify your rude behaviour last night.”
  3. verb (transitive, typography) To arrange (text) on a page or a computer screen such that the left and right ends of all lines within paragraphs are aligned. “The text will look better justified.”
  4. verb (transitive) To absolve, and declare to be free of blame or sin.
  5. verb (reflexive) To give reasons for one’s actions; to make an argument to prove that one is in the right. “She felt no need to justify herself for deciding not to invite him.”
  6. verb (transitive) To prove; to ratify; to confirm.
  7. verb (law) To show (a person) to have had a sufficient legal reason for an act that has been made the subject of a charge or accusation.
  8. verb (law) To qualify (oneself) as a surety by taking oath to the ownership of sufficient property.

Synonyms

vindicate warrant apologize apologise excuse rationalize rationalise absolve free

Etymology

From Middle English justifien, from Old French justifier, from Late Latin justificare (“make just”), from Latin justus, iustus (“just”) + ficare (“make”), from facere, equivalent to just + -ify.

Webster’s 1913

  1. verb To prove or show to be just; to vindicate; to maintain or defend as conformable to law, right, justice, propriety, or duty.
  2. verb To pronounce free from guilt or blame; to declare or prove to have done that which is just, right, proper, etc.; to absolve; to exonerate; to clear.
  3. verb To form an even surface or true line with something else; to fit exactly.
  4. verb To take oath to the ownership of property sufficient to qualify one's self as bail or surety.

Etymology [F. justifier, L. justificare; justus just + - ficare (in comp.) to make. See Just, a., and -fy.]

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “justify”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details