Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

nudge

/nʌd͡ʒ/ noun, verb

Forms nudges nudging nudged nug

  1. noun A gentle push. “give someone a nudge”
  2. noun (Internet) A feature of instant messaging software used to get the attention of another user, as by shaking the conversation window or playing a sound.
  3. noun The rotation by one step of a fruit machine reel of the player's choice. “Since the machine was showing two lemons and a cherry, I decided to try a nudge.”
  4. noun (behavioral economics) The use of positive reinforcement and indirect suggestions as ways to influence.
  5. verb (transitive) To push against gently, especially in order to gain attention or give a signal.
  6. verb (transitive) To near or come close to something. “This year's profits are nudging the 10 million mark.”
  7. verb (transitive) To move slightly.

Synonyms

jog bump disrupt disturb poke push shift tap upset poke at prod

Antonyms

pull tug

Etymology

Circa 17th century, perhaps of North Germanic origin, related to Norwegian nugge, nyggje (“to push, rub, shove”), Icelandic nugga (“to rub, massage”), from the root of Proto-Germanic *hnōjaną (“to smooth, join together”), from Proto-Indo-European *kneh₂- (compare Ancient Greek κνάω (knáō, “to scratch, scrape”), source of English acnestis).
Compare also Scots nodge (“to push, poke, nudge”), knidge (“to push, squeeze”), gnidge (“to rub, press, squeeze, bruise”), and knudge (“to squeeze, press down with the knuckles”), Saterland Frisian Nukke, Nuk (“a sudden push”), Middle Low German nucke, nücke, gnücke (“a sudden push, shock, impetus”). Compare also dialectal nuch (“to tremble”), Middle English nuchen (“to tremble”).

Webster’s 1913

  1. verb To touch gently, as with the elbow, in order to call attention or convey intimation.
  2. noun A gentle push, or jog, as with the elbow.

Etymology [Cf. Prov. G. knütschen to squeeze, pinch, E. Knock.]

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “nudge”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details