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Numbered Discourses 6 20 अङ्गुत्तर 6 20

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Dutiyamaraṇassatisutta

Pāli in Devanagari; under each word its Roman pronunciation, syllable by syllable (ṃ = nasal hum). Tap a Pāli word for its meaning (PTS Pāli-English Dictionary); tap again to open it in the Pāli dictionary.

Verse: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 · Hide pronunciation

1

अङ्गुत्तरaṅ·gut·ta·ra निकायni·kā·ya 6।20

Aṅguttara Nikāya 6.20

Numbered Discourses 6.20
2

2। सारणीयवग्गsā·ra·ṇī·ya·vag·ga

2. Sāraṇīyavagga

2. Warm-hearted
3

दुतियमरणस्सतिसुत्तdu·ti·ya·ma·ra·ṇas·sa·ti·sut·ta

Dutiyamaraṇassatisutta

Mindfulness of Death (2nd)
4

एकंe·kaṃ समयंsa·ma·yaṃ भगवाbha·ga·vā नातिकेnā·ti·ke विहरतिvi·ha·ra·ti गिञ्जकावसथे।giñ·ja·kā·va·sa·the

Ekaṁ samayaṁ bhagavā nātike viharati giñjakāvasathe.

At one time the Buddha was staying at Ñātika in the brick house.
5

तत्रtat·ra खोkho भगवाbha·ga·vā भिक्खूbhik·khū आमन्तेसि:ā·man·te·si

Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi:

There the Buddha addressed the mendicants:
6

“मरणस्सति,ma·ra·ṇas·sa·ti भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भाविताbhā·vi·tā बहुलीकताba·hu·lī·ka·tā महप्फलाma·hap·pha·lā होतिho·ti महानिसंसाma·hā·ni·saṃ·sā अमतोगधाa·ma·to·ga·dhā अमतपरियोसाना।a·ma·ta·pa·ri·yo·sā·nā

“maraṇassati, bhikkhave, bhāvitā bahulīkatā mahapphalā hoti mahānisaṁsā amatogadhā amatapariyosānā.

“Mendicants, when mindfulness of death is developed and cultivated it’s very fruitful and beneficial. It has freedom from death as its objective and culmination.
7

कथंka·thaṃ भाविताbhā·vi·tā च,ca भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve मरणस्सतिma·ra·ṇas·sa·ti कथंka·thaṃ बहुलीकताba·hu·lī·ka·tā महप्फलाma·hap·pha·lā होतिho·ti महानिसंसाma·hā·ni·saṃ·sā अमतोगधाa·ma·to·ga·dhā अमतपरियोसाना?a·ma·ta·pa·ri·yo·sā·nā

Kathaṁ bhāvitā ca, bhikkhave, maraṇassati kathaṁ bahulīkatā mahapphalā hoti mahānisaṁsā amatogadhā amatapariyosānā?

And how is mindfulness of death developed and cultivated to be very fruitful and beneficial, with freedom from death as its objective and culmination?
8

इध,i·dha भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुbhik·khu दिवसेdi·va·se निक्खन्तेnik·khan·te रत्तियाrat·ti·yā पतिहितायpa·ti·hi·tā·ya इतिi·ti पटिसञ्चिक्खति:pa·ṭi·sañ·cik·kha·ti

Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu divase nikkhante rattiyā patihitāya iti paṭisañcikkhati:

As day passes by and night draws close, a mendicant reflects:
9

‘बहुकाba·hu·kā खोkho मेme पच्चयाpac·ca·yā मरणस्स—ma·ra·ṇas·sa

‘bahukā kho me paccayā maraṇassa—

‘I might die of many causes.
10

अहिa·hi वाvā मंmaṃ डंसेय्य,ḍaṃ·sey·ya विच्छिकोvic·chi·ko वाvā मंmaṃ डंसेय्य,ḍaṃ·sey·ya सतपदीsa·ta·pa·dī वाvā मंmaṃ डंसेय्य;ḍaṃ·sey·ya

ahi vā maṁ ḍaṁseyya, vicchiko vā maṁ ḍaṁseyya, satapadī vā maṁ ḍaṁseyya;

A snake might bite me, or a scorpion or centipede might sting me.
11

तेनte·na मेme अस्सas·sa कालकिरिया,kā·la·ki·ri·yā सोso ममस्सma·mas·sa अन्तरायो।an·ta·rā·yo

tena me assa kālakiriyā, so mamassa antarāyo.

And if I died from that it would be an obstacle to my progress.
12

उपक्खलित्वाu·pak·kha·lit·vā वाvā पपतेय्यं,pa·pa·tey·yaṃ भत्तंbhat·taṃ वाvā मेme भुत्तंbhut·taṃ ब्यापज्जेय्य,byā·paj·jey·ya पित्तंpit·taṃ वाvā मेme कुप्पेय्य,kup·pey·ya सेम्हंsem·haṃ वाvā मेme कुप्पेय्य,kup·pey·ya सत्थकाsat·tha·kā वाvā मेme वाताvā·tā कुप्पेय्युं;kup·pey·yuṃ

Upakkhalitvā vā papateyyaṁ, bhattaṁ vā me bhuttaṁ byāpajjeyya, pittaṁ vā me kuppeyya, semhaṁ vā me kuppeyya, satthakā vā me vātā kuppeyyuṁ;

Or I might stumble off a cliff, or get food poisoning, or suffer a disturbance of bile, phlegm, or piercing winds.
13

तेनte·na मेme अस्सas·sa कालकिरिया,kā·la·ki·ri·yā सोso ममस्सma·mas·sa अन्तरायो’ति।an·ta·rā·yo

tena me assa kālakiriyā, so mamassa antarāyo’ti.

And if I died from that it would be an obstacle to my progress.’
14

तेन,te·na भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुनाbhik·khu·nā इतिi·ti पटिसञ्चिक्खितब्बं:pa·ṭi·sañ·cik·khi·tab·baṃ

Tena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā iti paṭisañcikkhitabbaṁ:

That mendicant should reflect:
15

‘अत्थिat·thi नुnu खोkho मेme पापकाpā·pa·kā अकुसलाa·ku·sa·lā धम्माdham·mā अप्पहीना,ap·pa·hī·nā येye मेme अस्सुas·su रत्तिंrat·tiṃ कालंkā·laṃ करोन्तस्सka·ron·tas·sa अन्तरायाया’ति।an·ta·rā·yā·yā

‘atthi nu kho me pāpakā akusalā dhammā appahīnā, ye me assu rattiṁ kālaṁ karontassa antarāyāyā’ti.

‘Are there any bad, unskillful qualities that I haven’t given up, which might be an obstacle to my progress if I die tonight?’
16

सचे,sa·ce भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुbhik·khu पच्चवेक्खमानोpac·ca·vek·kha·mā·no एवंe·vaṃ जानाति:jā·nā·ti

Sace, bhikkhave, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṁ jānāti:

Suppose that, upon checking, a mendicant knows that
17

‘अत्थिat·thi मेme पापकाpā·pa·kā अकुसलाa·ku·sa·lā धम्माdham·mā अप्पहीना,ap·pa·hī·nā येye मेme अस्सुas·su रत्तिंrat·tiṃ कालंkā·laṃ करोन्तस्सka·ron·tas·sa अन्तरायाया’ति,an·ta·rā·yā·yā तेन,te·na भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुनाbhik·khu·nā तेसंयेवte·saṃ·ye·va पापकानंpā·pa·kā·naṃ अकुसलानंa·ku·sa·lā·naṃ धम्मानंdham·mā·naṃ पहानायpa·hā·nā·ya अधिमत्तोa·dhi·mat·to छन्दोchan·do चca वायामोvā·yā·mo चca उस्साहोus·sā·ho चca उस्सोळ्हीus·so·ḷhī चca अप्पटिवानीap·pa·ṭi·vā·nī चca सतिsa·ti चca सम्पजञ्ञञ्चsam·pa·jañ·ñañ·ca करणीयं।ka·ra·ṇī·yaṃ

‘atthi me pāpakā akusalā dhammā appahīnā, ye me assu rattiṁ kālaṁ karontassa antarāyāyā’ti, tena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā tesaṁyeva pāpakānaṁ akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ pahānāya adhimatto chando ca vāyāmo ca ussāho ca ussoḷhī ca appaṭivānī ca sati ca sampajaññañca karaṇīyaṁ.

there are such bad, unskillful qualities. Then in order to give them up they should apply extraordinary enthusiasm, effort, zeal, vigor, perseverance, mindfulness, and situational awareness.
18

सेय्यथापि,sey·ya·thā·pi भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve आदित्तचेलोā·dit·ta·ce·lo वाvā आदित्तसीसोā·dit·ta·sī·so वाvā तस्सेवtas·se·va चेलस्सce·las·sa वाvā सीसस्सsī·sas·sa वाvā निब्बापनायnib·bā·pa·nā·ya अधिमत्तंa·dhi·mat·taṃ छन्दञ्चchan·dañ·ca वायामञ्चvā·yā·mañ·ca उस्साहञ्चus·sā·hañ·ca उस्सोळ्हिञ्चus·so·ḷhiñ·ca अप्पटिवानिञ्चap·pa·ṭi·vā·niñ·ca सतिञ्चsa·tiñ·ca सम्पजञ्ञञ्चsam·pa·jañ·ñañ·ca करेय्य;ka·rey·ya

Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, ādittacelo vā ādittasīso vā tasseva celassa vā sīsassa vā nibbāpanāya adhimattaṁ chandañca vāyāmañca ussāhañca ussoḷhiñca appaṭivāniñca satiñca sampajaññañca kareyya;

Suppose your clothes or head were on fire. In order to extinguish it, you’d apply extraordinary enthusiasm, effort, zeal, vigor, perseverance, mindfulness, and situational awareness.
19

एवमेवंe·va·me·vaṃ खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve तेनte·na भिक्खुनाbhik·khu·nā तेसंयेवte·saṃ·ye·va पापकानंpā·pa·kā·naṃ अकुसलानंa·ku·sa·lā·naṃ धम्मानंdham·mā·naṃ पहानायpa·hā·nā·ya अधिमत्तोa·dhi·mat·to छन्दोchan·do चca वायामोvā·yā·mo चca उस्साहोus·sā·ho चca उस्सोळ्हीus·so·ḷhī चca अप्पटिवानीap·pa·ṭi·vā·nī चca सतिsa·ti चca सम्पजञ्ञञ्चsam·pa·jañ·ñañ·ca करणीयं।ka·ra·ṇī·yaṃ

evamevaṁ kho, bhikkhave, tena bhikkhunā tesaṁyeva pāpakānaṁ akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ pahānāya adhimatto chando ca vāyāmo ca ussāho ca ussoḷhī ca appaṭivānī ca sati ca sampajaññañca karaṇīyaṁ.

In the same way, in order to give up those bad, unskillful qualities, that mendicant should apply extraordinary enthusiasm …
20

सचेsa·ce पन,pa·na भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुbhik·khu पच्चवेक्खमानोpac·ca·vek·kha·mā·no एवंe·vaṃ जानाति:jā·nā·ti

Sace pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṁ jānāti:

But suppose that, upon checking, a mendicant knows that
21

‘नत्थिnat·thi मेme पापकाpā·pa·kā अकुसलाa·ku·sa·lā धम्माdham·mā अप्पहीना,ap·pa·hī·nā येye मेme अस्सुas·su रत्तिंrat·tiṃ कालंkā·laṃ करोन्तस्सka·ron·tas·sa अन्तरायाया’ति,an·ta·rā·yā·yā तेन,te·na भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुनाbhik·khu·nā तेनेवte·ne·va पीतिपामोज्जेनpī·ti·pā·moj·je·na विहातब्बंvi·hā·tab·baṃ अहोरत्तानुसिक्खिनाa·ho·rat·tā·nu·sik·khi·nā कुसलेसुku·sa·le·su धम्मेसु।dham·me·su

‘natthi me pāpakā akusalā dhammā appahīnā, ye me assu rattiṁ kālaṁ karontassa antarāyāyā’ti, tena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā teneva pītipāmojjena vihātabbaṁ ahorattānusikkhinā kusalesu dhammesu.

there are no such bad, unskillful qualities. Then that mendicant should meditate with rapture and joy, training day and night in skillful qualities.
22

इधi·dha पन,pa·na भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुbhik·khu रत्तियाrat·ti·yā निक्खन्तायnik·khan·tā·ya दिवसेdi·va·se पतिहितेpa·ti·hi·te इतिi·ti पटिसञ्चिक्खति:pa·ṭi·sañ·cik·kha·ti

Idha pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu rattiyā nikkhantāya divase patihite iti paṭisañcikkhati:

Or else, as night passes by and day draws close, a mendicant reflects:
23

‘बहुकाba·hu·kā खोkho मेme पच्चयाpac·ca·yā मरणस्स—ma·ra·ṇas·sa

‘bahukā kho me paccayā maraṇassa—

‘I might die of many causes.
24

अहिa·hi वाvā मंmaṃ डंसेय्य,ḍaṃ·sey·ya विच्छिकोvic·chi·ko वाvā मंmaṃ डंसेय्य,ḍaṃ·sey·ya सतपदीsa·ta·pa·dī वाvā मंmaṃ डंसेय्य;ḍaṃ·sey·ya

ahi vā maṁ ḍaṁseyya, vicchiko vā maṁ ḍaṁseyya, satapadī vā maṁ ḍaṁseyya;

A snake might bite me, or a scorpion or centipede might sting me.
25

तेनte·na मेme अस्सas·sa कालकिरियाkā·la·ki·ri·yā सोso ममस्सma·mas·sa अन्तरायो।an·ta·rā·yo

tena me assa kālakiriyā so mamassa antarāyo.

And if I died from that it would be an obstacle to my progress.
26

उपक्खलित्वाu·pak·kha·lit·vā वाvā पपतेय्यं,pa·pa·tey·yaṃ भत्तंbhat·taṃ वाvā मेme भुत्तंbhut·taṃ ब्यापज्जेय्य,byā·paj·jey·ya पित्तंpit·taṃ वाvā मेme कुप्पेय्य,kup·pey·ya सेम्हंsem·haṃ वाvā मेme कुप्पेय्य,kup·pey·ya सत्थकाsat·tha·kā वाvā मेme वाताvā·tā कुप्पेय्युं;kup·pey·yuṃ

Upakkhalitvā vā papateyyaṁ, bhattaṁ vā me bhuttaṁ byāpajjeyya, pittaṁ vā me kuppeyya, semhaṁ vā me kuppeyya, satthakā vā me vātā kuppeyyuṁ;

Or I might stumble off a cliff, or get food poisoning, or suffer a disturbance of bile, phlegm, or piercing winds.
27

तेनte·na मेme अस्सas·sa कालकिरियाkā·la·ki·ri·yā सोso ममस्सma·mas·sa अन्तरायो’ति।an·ta·rā·yo

tena me assa kālakiriyā so mamassa antarāyo’ti.

And if I died from that it would be an obstacle to my progress.’
28

तेन,te·na भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुनाbhik·khu·nā इतिi·ti पटिसञ्चिक्खितब्बं:pa·ṭi·sañ·cik·khi·tab·baṃ

Tena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā iti paṭisañcikkhitabbaṁ:

That mendicant should reflect:
29

‘अत्थिat·thi नुnu खोkho मेme पापकाpā·pa·kā अकुसलाa·ku·sa·lā धम्माdham·mā अप्पहीना,ap·pa·hī·nā येye मेme अस्सुas·su दिवाdi·vā कालंkā·laṃ करोन्तस्सka·ron·tas·sa अन्तरायाया’ति।an·ta·rā·yā·yā

‘atthi nu kho me pāpakā akusalā dhammā appahīnā, ye me assu divā kālaṁ karontassa antarāyāyā’ti.

‘Are there any bad, unskillful qualities that I haven’t given up, which might be an obstacle to my progress if I die today?’
30

सचे,sa·ce भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुbhik·khu पच्चवेक्खमानोpac·ca·vek·kha·mā·no एवंe·vaṃ जानाति:jā·nā·ti

Sace, bhikkhave, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṁ jānāti:

Suppose that, upon checking, a mendicant knows that
31

‘अत्थिat·thi मेme पापकाpā·pa·kā अकुसलाa·ku·sa·lā धम्माdham·mā अप्पहीना,ap·pa·hī·nā येye मेme अस्सुas·su दिवाdi·vā कालंkā·laṃ करोन्तस्सka·ron·tas·sa अन्तरायाया’ति,an·ta·rā·yā·yā तेन,te·na भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुनाbhik·khu·nā तेसंयेवte·saṃ·ye·va पापकानंpā·pa·kā·naṃ अकुसलानंa·ku·sa·lā·naṃ धम्मानंdham·mā·naṃ पहानायpa·hā·nā·ya अधिमत्तोa·dhi·mat·to छन्दोchan·do चca वायामोvā·yā·mo चca उस्साहोus·sā·ho चca उस्सोळ्हीus·so·ḷhī चca अप्पटिवानीap·pa·ṭi·vā·nī चca सतिsa·ti चca सम्पजञ्ञञ्चsam·pa·jañ·ñañ·ca करणीयं।ka·ra·ṇī·yaṃ

‘atthi me pāpakā akusalā dhammā appahīnā, ye me assu divā kālaṁ karontassa antarāyāyā’ti, tena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā tesaṁyeva pāpakānaṁ akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ pahānāya adhimatto chando ca vāyāmo ca ussāho ca ussoḷhī ca appaṭivānī ca sati ca sampajaññañca karaṇīyaṁ.

there are such bad, unskillful qualities. Then in order to give them up they should apply extraordinary enthusiasm, effort, zeal, vigor, perseverance, mindfulness, and situational awareness.
32

सेय्यथापि,sey·ya·thā·pi भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve आदित्तचेलोā·dit·ta·ce·lo वाvā आदित्तसीसोā·dit·ta·sī·so वाvā तस्सेवtas·se·va चेलस्सce·las·sa वाvā सीसस्सsī·sas·sa वाvā निब्बापनायnib·bā·pa·nā·ya अधिमत्तंa·dhi·mat·taṃ छन्दञ्चchan·dañ·ca वायामञ्चvā·yā·mañ·ca उस्साहञ्चus·sā·hañ·ca उस्सोळ्हिञ्चus·so·ḷhiñ·ca अप्पटिवानिञ्चap·pa·ṭi·vā·niñ·ca सतिञ्चsa·tiñ·ca सम्पजञ्ञञ्चsam·pa·jañ·ñañ·ca करेय्य;ka·rey·ya

Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, ādittacelo vā ādittasīso vā tasseva celassa vā sīsassa vā nibbāpanāya adhimattaṁ chandañca vāyāmañca ussāhañca ussoḷhiñca appaṭivāniñca satiñca sampajaññañca kareyya;

Suppose your clothes or head were on fire. In order to extinguish it, you’d apply extraordinary enthusiasm, effort, zeal, vigor, perseverance, mindfulness, and situational awareness.
33

एवमेवंe·va·me·vaṃ खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve तेनte·na भिक्खुनाbhik·khu·nā तेसंयेवte·saṃ·ye·va पापकानंpā·pa·kā·naṃ अकुसलानंa·ku·sa·lā·naṃ धम्मानंdham·mā·naṃ पहानायpa·hā·nā·ya अधिमत्तोa·dhi·mat·to छन्दोchan·do चca वायामोvā·yā·mo चca उस्साहोus·sā·ho चca उस्सोळ्हीus·so·ḷhī चca अप्पटिवानीap·pa·ṭi·vā·nī चca सतिsa·ti चca सम्पजञ्ञञ्चsam·pa·jañ·ñañ·ca करणीयं।ka·ra·ṇī·yaṃ

evamevaṁ kho, bhikkhave, tena bhikkhunā tesaṁyeva pāpakānaṁ akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ pahānāya adhimatto chando ca vāyāmo ca ussāho ca ussoḷhī ca appaṭivānī ca sati ca sampajaññañca karaṇīyaṁ.

In the same way, in order to give up those bad, unskillful qualities, that mendicant should apply extraordinary enthusiasm …
34

सचेsa·ce पन,pa·na भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुbhik·khu पच्चवेक्खमानोpac·ca·vek·kha·mā·no एवंe·vaṃ जानाति:jā·nā·ti

Sace pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṁ jānāti:

But suppose that, upon checking, a mendicant knows that
35

‘नत्थिnat·thi मेme पापकाpā·pa·kā अकुसलाa·ku·sa·lā धम्माdham·mā अप्पहीना,ap·pa·hī·nā येye मेme अस्सुas·su दिवाdi·vā कालंkā·laṃ करोन्तस्सka·ron·tas·sa अन्तरायाया’ति,an·ta·rā·yā·yā तेन,te·na भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुनाbhik·khu·nā तेनेवte·ne·va पीतिपामोज्जेनpī·ti·pā·moj·je·na विहातब्बंvi·hā·tab·baṃ अहोरत्तानुसिक्खिनाa·ho·rat·tā·nu·sik·khi·nā कुसलेसुku·sa·le·su धम्मेसु।dham·me·su

‘natthi me pāpakā akusalā dhammā appahīnā, ye me assu divā kālaṁ karontassa antarāyāyā’ti, tena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā teneva pītipāmojjena vihātabbaṁ ahorattānusikkhinā kusalesu dhammesu.

there are no such bad, unskillful qualities. Then that mendicant should meditate with rapture and joy, training day and night in skillful qualities.
36

एवंe·vaṃ भाविताbhā·vi·tā खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve मरणस्सतिma·ra·ṇas·sa·ti एवंe·vaṃ बहुलीकताba·hu·lī·ka·tā महप्फलाma·hap·pha·lā होतिho·ti महानिसंसाma·hā·ni·saṃ·sā अमतोगधाa·ma·to·ga·dhā अमतपरियोसाना”ति।a·ma·ta·pa·ri·yo·sā·nā

Evaṁ bhāvitā kho, bhikkhave, maraṇassati evaṁ bahulīkatā mahapphalā hoti mahānisaṁsā amatogadhā amatapariyosānā”ti.

Mindfulness of death, when developed and cultivated in this way, is very fruitful and beneficial. It has freedom from death as its objective and culmination.”
37

दसमं।da·sa·maṃ

Dasamaṁ.

(Pāli only)
38

सारणीयवग्गोsā·ra·ṇī·ya·vag·go दुतियो।du·ti·yo

Sāraṇīyavaggo dutiyo.

(Pāli only)
39

तस्सुद्दानंtas·sud·dā·naṃ

Tassuddānaṁ

(Pāli only)
40

द्वेdve सारणीsā·ra·ṇī निसारणीयं,ni·sā·ra·ṇī·yaṃ

Dve sāraṇī nisāraṇīyaṁ,

(Pāli only)
41

भद्दकंbhad·da·kaṃ अनुतप्पियं;a·nu·tap·pi·yaṃ

bhaddakaṁ anutappiyaṁ;

(Pāli only)
42

नकुलंna·ku·laṃ सोप्पमच्छाsop·pa·mac·chā च,ca

Nakulaṁ soppamacchā ca,

(Pāli only)
43

द्वेdve होन्तिhon·ti मरणस्सतीति।ma·ra·ṇas·sa·tī·ti

dve honti maraṇassatīti.

(Pāli only)

Sources. Sanskrit: Satyavedaḥ, the New Testament in Sanskrit (Calcutta Baptist Missionaries, 1851; J. Wenger’s revision of W. Carey’s version). Digital text © 2018 SanskritBible.in, via eBible.org, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0; changed here: arranged by verse and every word linked to the dictionary (links made automatically). Old Testament Sanskrit: the Old Testament in Sanskrit, Calcutta Baptist Mission Press, 1848–1852 (public domain), read by OCR from the Internet Archive scans of the Boston University School of Theology copy; unproofread, with machine clean-up only. Pāli Canon: Mahāsaṅgīti Tipiṭaka Buddhavasse 2500 (based on the Vipassana Research Institute’s Chaṭṭha Saṅgāyana edition), from SuttaCentral bilara-data, CC0; Devanagari and pronunciation made automatically from the Roman text. Pāli English: Bhikkhu Sujato (suttas) and Bhikkhu Brahmali (Vinaya), SuttaCentral, CC0. Pāli word meanings: the Pali Text Society’s Pali-English Dictionary (Rhys Davids & Stede), corrected reprint © The Pali Text Society, CC BY-NC 3.0, digital text from BuddhaDust; word matching automatic. English: King James Version (1769), public domain; words the translators added are in italics. Word meanings and pronunciations: Monier-Williams, Sanskrit–English Dictionary (1872), via this site’s Sanskrit dictionary (CC BY-SA 4.0); English↔Sanskrit word matches made automatically and may need checking.