Scripture · Sanskrit Bible with the King James Version · the Pāli Canon

Search Scripture Search

Linked Discourses 12 4 संयुत्त निकाय 12।1 4

Chapter: 123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869707172737475

Vipassīsutta

Pāli in Devanagari; under each word its Roman pronunciation, syllable by syllable (ṃ = nasal hum). Tap a Pāli word for its meaning (PTS Pāli-English Dictionary); tap again to open it in the Pāli dictionary.

Verse: 123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869707172737475767778798081828384858687888990919293949596979899100101102103104105106 · Hide pronunciation

1. 1

   संयुत्तsaṃ·yut·ta निकायni·kā·ya 12।4

   Saṁyutta Nikāya 12.4

   Linked Discourses 12.4

2. 2

   1। बुद्धवग्गbud·dha·vag·ga

   1. Buddhavagga

   1. The Buddhas

3. 3

   विपस्सीसुत्तvi·pas·sī·sut·ta

   Vipassīsutta

   About Vipassī

4. 4

   सावत्थियंsā·vat·thi·yaṃ विहरतिvi·ha·ra·ti …पे…pe

   Sāvatthiyaṁ viharati …pe…

   At Sāvatthī.

5. 5

   “विपस्सिस्स,vi·pas·sis·sa भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भगवतोbha·ga·va·to अरहतोa·ra·ha·to सम्मासम्बुद्धस्सsam·mā·sam·bud·dhas·sa पुब्बेवpub·be·va सम्बोधाsam·bo·dhā अनभिसम्बुद्धस्सa·na·bhi·sam·bud·dhas·sa बोधिसत्तस्सेवbo·dhi·sat·tas·se·va सतोsa·to एतदहोसि:e·ta·da·ho·si

   “vipassissa, bhikkhave, bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa pubbeva sambodhā anabhisambuddhassa bodhisattasseva sato etadahosi:

   “Mendicants, Vipassī the Blessed One, the perfected one, the fully awakened Buddha had this thought before his awakening, when he was still unawakened but intent on awakening:

6. 6

   ‘किच्छंkic·chaṃ वतायंva·tā·yaṃ लोकोlo·ko आपन्नोā·pan·no जायतिjā·ya·ti चca जीयतिjī·ya·ti चca मीयतिmī·ya·ti चca चवतिca·va·ti चca उपपज्जतिu·pa·paj·ja·ti च।ca

   ‘kicchaṁ vatāyaṁ loko āpanno jāyati ca jīyati ca mīyati ca cavati ca upapajjati ca.

   ‘Alas, this world has fallen into trouble. It’s born, grows old, dies, passes away, and is reborn,

7. 7

   अथa·tha चca पनिमस्सpa·ni·mas·sa दुक्खस्सduk·khas·sa निस्सरणंnis·sa·ra·ṇaṃ नप्पजानातिnap·pa·jā·nā·ti जरामरणस्स।ja·rā·ma·ra·ṇas·sa

   Atha ca panimassa dukkhassa nissaraṇaṁ nappajānāti jarāmaraṇassa.

   yet it doesn’t understand how to escape from this suffering, from old age and death.

8. 8

   कुदास्सुku·dās·su नामnā·ma इमस्सi·mas·sa दुक्खस्सduk·khas·sa निस्सरणंnis·sa·ra·ṇaṃ पञ्ञायिस्सतिpañ·ñā·yis·sa·ti जरामरणस्सा’ति?ja·rā·ma·ra·ṇas·sā

   Kudāssu nāma imassa dukkhassa nissaraṇaṁ paññāyissati jarāmaraṇassā’ti?

   Oh, when will an escape be found from this suffering, from old age and death?’

9. 9

   अथa·tha खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve विपस्सिस्सvi·pas·sis·sa बोधिसत्तस्सbo·dhi·sat·tas·sa एतदहोसि:e·ta·da·ho·si

   Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa bodhisattassa etadahosi:

   Then Vipassī, the one intent on awakening, thought:

10. 10

    ‘किम्हिkim·hi नुnu खोkho सतिsa·ti जरामरणंja·rā·ma·ra·ṇaṃ होति,ho·ti किंपच्चयाkiṃ·pac·ca·yā जरामरणन्’ति?ja·rā·ma·ra·ṇan

    ‘kimhi nu kho sati jarāmaraṇaṁ hoti, kiṁpaccayā jarāmaraṇan’ti?

    ‘When what exists is there old age and death? What is a requirement for old age and death?’

11. 11

    अथa·tha खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve विपस्सिस्सvi·pas·sis·sa बोधिसत्तस्सbo·dhi·sat·tas·sa योनिसोyo·ni·so मनसिकाराma·na·si·kā·rā अहुa·hu पञ्ञायpañ·ñā·ya अभिसमयो:a·bhi·sa·ma·yo

    Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa bodhisattassa yoniso manasikārā ahu paññāya abhisamayo:

    Then, through rational application of mind, Vipassī penetrated with wisdom:

12. 12

    ‘जातियाjā·ti·yā खोkho सतिsa·ti जरामरणंja·rā·ma·ra·ṇaṃ होति,ho·ti जातिपच्चयाjā·ti·pac·ca·yā जरामरणन्’ति।ja·rā·ma·ra·ṇan

    ‘jātiyā kho sati jarāmaraṇaṁ hoti, jātipaccayā jarāmaraṇan’ti.

    ‘When rebirth exists there’s old age and death. Rebirth is a requirement for old age and death.’

13. 13

    अथa·tha खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve विपस्सिस्सvi·pas·sis·sa बोधिसत्तस्सbo·dhi·sat·tas·sa एतदहोसि:e·ta·da·ho·si

    Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa bodhisattassa etadahosi:

    Then Vipassī thought:

14. 14

    ‘किम्हिkim·hi नुnu खोkho सतिsa·ti जातिjā·ti होति,ho·ti किंपच्चयाkiṃ·pac·ca·yā जाती’ति?jā·tī

    ‘kimhi nu kho sati jāti hoti, kiṁpaccayā jātī’ti?

    ‘When what exists is there rebirth? What is a requirement for rebirth?’

15. 15

    अथa·tha खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve विपस्सिस्सvi·pas·sis·sa बोधिसत्तस्सbo·dhi·sat·tas·sa योनिसोyo·ni·so मनसिकाराma·na·si·kā·rā अहुa·hu पञ्ञायpañ·ñā·ya अभिसमयो:a·bhi·sa·ma·yo

    Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa bodhisattassa yoniso manasikārā ahu paññāya abhisamayo:

    Then, through rational application of mind, Vipassī penetrated with wisdom:

16. 16

    ‘भवेbha·ve खोkho सतिsa·ti जातिjā·ti होति,ho·ti भवपच्चयाbha·va·pac·ca·yā जाती’ति।jā·tī

    ‘bhave kho sati jāti hoti, bhavapaccayā jātī’ti.

    ‘When continued existence exists there’s rebirth. Continued existence is a requirement for rebirth.’

17. 17

    अथa·tha खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve विपस्सिस्सvi·pas·sis·sa बोधिसत्तस्सbo·dhi·sat·tas·sa एतदहोसि:e·ta·da·ho·si

    Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa bodhisattassa etadahosi:

    Then Vipassī thought:

18. 18

    ‘किम्हिkim·hi नुnu खोkho सतिsa·ti भवोbha·vo होति,ho·ti किंपच्चयाkiṃ·pac·ca·yā भवो’ति?bha·vo

    ‘kimhi nu kho sati bhavo hoti, kiṁpaccayā bhavo’ti?

    ‘When what exists is there continued existence? What is a requirement for continued existence?’

19. 19

    अथa·tha खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve विपस्सिस्सvi·pas·sis·sa बोधिसत्तस्सbo·dhi·sat·tas·sa योनिसोyo·ni·so मनसिकाराma·na·si·kā·rā अहुa·hu पञ्ञायpañ·ñā·ya अभिसमयो:a·bhi·sa·ma·yo

    Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa bodhisattassa yoniso manasikārā ahu paññāya abhisamayo:

    Then, through rational application of mind, Vipassī penetrated with wisdom:

20. 20

    ‘उपादानेu·pā·dā·ne खोkho सतिsa·ti भवोbha·vo होति,ho·ti उपादानपच्चयाu·pā·dā·na·pac·ca·yā भवो’ति।bha·vo

    ‘upādāne kho sati bhavo hoti, upādānapaccayā bhavo’ti.

    ‘When grasping exists there’s continued existence. Grasping is a requirement for continued existence.’

21. 21

    अथa·tha खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve विपस्सिस्सvi·pas·sis·sa बोधिसत्तस्सbo·dhi·sat·tas·sa एतदहोसि:e·ta·da·ho·si

    Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa bodhisattassa etadahosi:

    Then Vipassī thought:

22. 22

    ‘किम्हिkim·hi नुnu खोkho सतिsa·ti उपादानंu·pā·dā·naṃ होति,ho·ti किंपच्चयाkiṃ·pac·ca·yā उपादानन्’ति?u·pā·dā·nan

    ‘kimhi nu kho sati upādānaṁ hoti, kiṁpaccayā upādānan’ti?

    ‘When what exists is there grasping? What is a requirement for grasping?’

23. 23

    अथa·tha खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve विपस्सिस्सvi·pas·sis·sa बोधिसत्तस्सbo·dhi·sat·tas·sa योनिसोyo·ni·so मनसिकाराma·na·si·kā·rā अहुa·hu पञ्ञायpañ·ñā·ya अभिसमयो:a·bhi·sa·ma·yo

    Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa bodhisattassa yoniso manasikārā ahu paññāya abhisamayo:

    Then, through rational application of mind, Vipassī penetrated with wisdom:

24. 24

    ‘तण्हायtaṇ·hā·ya खोkho सतिsa·ti उपादानंu·pā·dā·naṃ होति,ho·ti तण्हापच्चयाtaṇ·hā·pac·ca·yā उपादानन्’ति।u·pā·dā·nan

    ‘taṇhāya kho sati upādānaṁ hoti, taṇhāpaccayā upādānan’ti.

    ‘When craving exists there’s grasping. Craving is a requirement for grasping.’

25. 25

    अथa·tha खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve विपस्सिस्सvi·pas·sis·sa बोधिसत्तस्सbo·dhi·sat·tas·sa एतदहोसि:e·ta·da·ho·si

    Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa bodhisattassa etadahosi:

    Then Vipassī thought:

26. 26

    ‘किम्हिkim·hi नुnu खोkho सतिsa·ti तण्हाtaṇ·hā होति,ho·ti किंपच्चयाkiṃ·pac·ca·yā तण्हा’ति?taṇ·hā

    ‘kimhi nu kho sati taṇhā hoti, kiṁpaccayā taṇhā’ti?

    ‘When what exists is there craving? What is a requirement for craving?’

27. 27

    अथa·tha खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve विपस्सिस्सvi·pas·sis·sa बोधिसत्तस्सbo·dhi·sat·tas·sa योनिसोyo·ni·so मनसिकाराma·na·si·kā·rā अहुa·hu पञ्ञायpañ·ñā·ya अभिसमयो:a·bhi·sa·ma·yo

    Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa bodhisattassa yoniso manasikārā ahu paññāya abhisamayo:

    Then, through rational application of mind, Vipassī penetrated with wisdom:

28. 28

    ‘वेदनायve·da·nā·ya खोkho सतिsa·ti तण्हाtaṇ·hā होति,ho·ti वेदनापच्चयाve·da·nā·pac·ca·yā तण्हा’ति।taṇ·hā

    ‘vedanāya kho sati taṇhā hoti, vedanāpaccayā taṇhā’ti.

    ‘When feeling exists there’s craving. Feeling is a requirement for craving.’

29. 29

    अथa·tha खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve विपस्सिस्सvi·pas·sis·sa बोधिसत्तस्सbo·dhi·sat·tas·sa एतदहोसि:e·ta·da·ho·si

    Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa bodhisattassa etadahosi:

    Then Vipassī thought:

30. 30

    ‘किम्हिkim·hi नुnu खोkho सतिsa·ti वेदनाve·da·nā होति,ho·ti किंपच्चयाkiṃ·pac·ca·yā वेदना’ति?ve·da·nā

    ‘kimhi nu kho sati vedanā hoti, kiṁpaccayā vedanā’ti?

    ‘When what exists is there feeling? What is a requirement for feeling?’

31. 31

    अथa·tha खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve विपस्सिस्सvi·pas·sis·sa बोधिसत्तस्सbo·dhi·sat·tas·sa योनिसोyo·ni·so मनसिकाराma·na·si·kā·rā अहुa·hu पञ्ञायpañ·ñā·ya अभिसमयो:a·bhi·sa·ma·yo

    Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa bodhisattassa yoniso manasikārā ahu paññāya abhisamayo:

    Then, through rational application of mind, Vipassī penetrated with wisdom:

32. 32

    ‘फस्सेphas·se खोkho सतिsa·ti वेदनाve·da·nā होति,ho·ti फस्सपच्चयाphas·sa·pac·ca·yā वेदना’ति।ve·da·nā

    ‘phasse kho sati vedanā hoti, phassapaccayā vedanā’ti.

    ‘When contact exists there’s feeling. Contact is a requirement for feeling.’

33. 33

    अथa·tha खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve विपस्सिस्सvi·pas·sis·sa बोधिसत्तस्सbo·dhi·sat·tas·sa एतदहोसि:e·ta·da·ho·si

    Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa bodhisattassa etadahosi:

    Then Vipassī thought:

34. 34

    ‘किम्हिkim·hi नुnu खोkho सतिsa·ti फस्सोphas·so होति,ho·ti किंपच्चयाkiṃ·pac·ca·yā फस्सो’ति?phas·so

    ‘kimhi nu kho sati phasso hoti, kiṁpaccayā phasso’ti?

    ‘When what exists is there contact? What is a requirement for contact?’

35. 35

    अथa·tha खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve विपस्सिस्सvi·pas·sis·sa बोधिसत्तस्सbo·dhi·sat·tas·sa योनिसोyo·ni·so मनसिकाराma·na·si·kā·rā अहुa·hu पञ्ञायpañ·ñā·ya अभिसमयो:a·bhi·sa·ma·yo

    Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa bodhisattassa yoniso manasikārā ahu paññāya abhisamayo:

    Then, through rational application of mind, Vipassī penetrated with wisdom:

36. 36

    ‘सळायतनेsa·ḷā·ya·ta·ne खोkho सतिsa·ti फस्सोphas·so होति,ho·ti सळायतनपच्चयाsa·ḷā·ya·ta·na·pac·ca·yā फस्सो’ति।phas·so

    ‘saḷāyatane kho sati phasso hoti, saḷāyatanapaccayā phasso’ti.

    ‘When the six sense fields exist there’s contact. The six sense fields are requirements for contact.’

37. 37

    अथa·tha खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve विपस्सिस्सvi·pas·sis·sa बोधिसत्तस्सbo·dhi·sat·tas·sa एतदहोसि:e·ta·da·ho·si

    Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa bodhisattassa etadahosi:

    Then Vipassī thought:

38. 38

    ‘किम्हिkim·hi नुnu खोkho सतिsa·ti सळायतनंsa·ḷā·ya·ta·naṃ होति,ho·ti किंपच्चयाkiṃ·pac·ca·yā सळायतनन्’ति?sa·ḷā·ya·ta·nan

    ‘kimhi nu kho sati saḷāyatanaṁ hoti, kiṁpaccayā saḷāyatanan’ti?

    ‘When what exists are there the six sense fields? What is a requirement for the six sense fields?’

39. 39

    अथa·tha खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve विपस्सिस्सvi·pas·sis·sa बोधिसत्तस्सbo·dhi·sat·tas·sa योनिसोyo·ni·so मनसिकाराma·na·si·kā·rā अहुa·hu पञ्ञायpañ·ñā·ya अभिसमयो:a·bhi·sa·ma·yo

    Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa bodhisattassa yoniso manasikārā ahu paññāya abhisamayo:

    Then, through rational application of mind, Vipassī penetrated with wisdom:

40. 40

    ‘नामरूपेnā·ma·rū·pe खोkho सतिsa·ti सळायतनंsa·ḷā·ya·ta·naṃ होति,ho·ti नामरूपपच्चयाnā·ma·rū·pa·pac·ca·yā सळायतनन्’ति।sa·ḷā·ya·ta·nan

    ‘nāmarūpe kho sati saḷāyatanaṁ hoti, nāmarūpapaccayā saḷāyatanan’ti.

    ‘When name and form exist there are the six sense fields. Name and form are requirements for the six sense fields.’

41. 41

    अथa·tha खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve विपस्सिस्सvi·pas·sis·sa बोधिसत्तस्सbo·dhi·sat·tas·sa एतदहोसि:e·ta·da·ho·si

    Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa bodhisattassa etadahosi:

    Then Vipassī thought:

42. 42

    ‘किम्हिkim·hi नुnu खोkho सतिsa·ti नामरूपंnā·ma·rū·paṃ होति,ho·ti किंपच्चयाkiṃ·pac·ca·yā नामरूपन्’ति?nā·ma·rū·pan

    ‘kimhi nu kho sati nāmarūpaṁ hoti, kiṁpaccayā nāmarūpan’ti?

    ‘When what exists are there name and form? What is a requirement for name and form?’

43. 43

    अथa·tha खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve विपस्सिस्सvi·pas·sis·sa बोधिसत्तस्सbo·dhi·sat·tas·sa योनिसोyo·ni·so मनसिकाराma·na·si·kā·rā अहुa·hu पञ्ञायpañ·ñā·ya अभिसमयो:a·bhi·sa·ma·yo

    Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa bodhisattassa yoniso manasikārā ahu paññāya abhisamayo:

    Then, through rational application of mind, Vipassī penetrated with wisdom:

44. 44

    ‘विञ्ञाणेviñ·ñā·ṇe खोkho सतिsa·ti नामरूपंnā·ma·rū·paṃ होति,ho·ti विञ्ञाणपच्चयाviñ·ñā·ṇa·pac·ca·yā नामरूपन्’ति।nā·ma·rū·pan

    ‘viññāṇe kho sati nāmarūpaṁ hoti, viññāṇapaccayā nāmarūpan’ti.

    ‘When consciousness exists there are name and form. Consciousness is a requirement for name and form.’

45. 45

    अथa·tha खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve विपस्सिस्सvi·pas·sis·sa बोधिसत्तस्सbo·dhi·sat·tas·sa एतदहोसि:e·ta·da·ho·si

    Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa bodhisattassa etadahosi:

    Then Vipassī thought:

46. 46

    ‘किम्हिkim·hi नुnu खोkho सतिsa·ti विञ्ञाणंviñ·ñā·ṇaṃ होति,ho·ti किंपच्चयाkiṃ·pac·ca·yā विञ्ञाणन्’ति?viñ·ñā·ṇan

    ‘kimhi nu kho sati viññāṇaṁ hoti, kiṁpaccayā viññāṇan’ti?

    ‘When what exists is there consciousness? What is a requirement for consciousness?’

47. 47

    अथa·tha खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve विपस्सिस्सvi·pas·sis·sa बोधिसत्तस्सbo·dhi·sat·tas·sa योनिसोyo·ni·so मनसिकाराma·na·si·kā·rā अहुa·hu पञ्ञायpañ·ñā·ya अभिसमयो:a·bhi·sa·ma·yo

    Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa bodhisattassa yoniso manasikārā ahu paññāya abhisamayo:

    Then, through rational application of mind, Vipassī penetrated with wisdom:

48. 48

    ‘सङ्खारेसुsaṅ·khā·re·su खोkho सतिsa·ti विञ्ञाणंviñ·ñā·ṇaṃ होति,ho·ti सङ्खारपच्चयाsaṅ·khā·ra·pac·ca·yā विञ्ञाणन्’ति।viñ·ñā·ṇan

    ‘saṅkhāresu kho sati viññāṇaṁ hoti, saṅkhārapaccayā viññāṇan’ti.

    ‘When choices exist there’s consciousness. Choices are a requirement for consciousness.’

49. 49

    अथa·tha खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve विपस्सिस्सvi·pas·sis·sa बोधिसत्तस्सbo·dhi·sat·tas·sa एतदहोसि:e·ta·da·ho·si

    Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa bodhisattassa etadahosi:

    Then Vipassī thought:

50. 50

    ‘किम्हिkim·hi नुnu खोkho सतिsa·ti सङ्खाराsaṅ·khā·rā होन्ति,hon·ti किंपच्चयाkiṃ·pac·ca·yā सङ्खारा’ति?saṅ·khā·rā

    ‘kimhi nu kho sati saṅkhārā honti, kiṁpaccayā saṅkhārā’ti?

    ‘When what exists are there choices? What is a requirement for choices?’

51. 51

    अथa·tha खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve विपस्सिस्सvi·pas·sis·sa बोधिसत्तस्सbo·dhi·sat·tas·sa योनिसोyo·ni·so मनसिकाराma·na·si·kā·rā अहुa·hu पञ्ञायpañ·ñā·ya अभिसमयो:a·bhi·sa·ma·yo

    Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa bodhisattassa yoniso manasikārā ahu paññāya abhisamayo:

    Then, through rational application of mind, Vipassī penetrated with wisdom:

52. 52

    ‘अविज्जायa·vij·jā·ya खोkho सतिsa·ti सङ्खाराsaṅ·khā·rā होन्ति,hon·ti अविज्जापच्चयाa·vij·jā·pac·ca·yā सङ्खारा’ति।saṅ·khā·rā

    ‘avijjāya kho sati saṅkhārā honti, avijjāpaccayā saṅkhārā’ti.

    ‘When ignorance exists there are choices. Ignorance is a requirement for choices.’

53. 53

    इतिi·ti हिदंhi·daṃ अविज्जापच्चयाa·vij·jā·pac·ca·yā सङ्खारा;saṅ·khā·rā

    Iti hidaṁ avijjāpaccayā saṅkhārā;

    And so, ignorance is a requirement for choices.

54. 54

    सङ्खारपच्चयाsaṅ·khā·ra·pac·ca·yā विञ्ञाणंviñ·ñā·ṇaṃ …पे…pe

    saṅkhārapaccayā viññāṇaṁ …pe…

    Choices are a requirement for consciousness. …

55. 55

    एवमेतस्सe·va·me·tas·sa केवलस्सke·va·las·sa दुक्खक्खन्धस्सduk·khak·khan·dhas·sa समुदयोsa·mu·da·yo होति।ho·ti

    evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa samudayo hoti.

    That is how this entire mass of suffering originates.

56. 56

    ‘समुदयो,sa·mu·da·yo समुदयो’तिsa·mu·da·yo खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve विपस्सिस्सvi·pas·sis·sa बोधिसत्तस्सbo·dhi·sat·tas·sa पुब्बेpub·be अननुस्सुतेसुa·na·nus·su·te·su धम्मेसुdham·me·su चक्खुंcak·khuṃ उदपादि,u·da·pā·di ञाणंñā·ṇaṃ उदपादि,u·da·pā·di पञ्ञाpañ·ñā उदपादि,u·da·pā·di विज्जाvij·jā उदपादि,u·da·pā·di आलोकोā·lo·ko उदपादि।u·da·pā·di

    ‘Samudayo, samudayo’ti kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa bodhisattassa pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu cakkhuṁ udapādi, ñāṇaṁ udapādi, paññā udapādi, vijjā udapādi, āloko udapādi.

    ‘Origination, origination.’ While Vipassī was intent on awakening, such was the vision, knowledge, wisdom, realization, and light that arose in him regarding teachings not learned before from another.

57. 57

    अथa·tha खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve विपस्सिस्सvi·pas·sis·sa बोधिसत्तस्सbo·dhi·sat·tas·sa एतदहोसि:e·ta·da·ho·si

    Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa bodhisattassa etadahosi:

    Then Vipassī thought:

58. 58

    ‘किम्हिkim·hi नुnu खोkho असतिa·sa·ti जरामरणंja·rā·ma·ra·ṇaṃ नna होति,ho·ti किस्सkis·sa निरोधाni·ro·dhā जरामरणनिरोधो’ति?ja·rā·ma·ra·ṇa·ni·ro·dho

    ‘kimhi nu kho asati jarāmaraṇaṁ na hoti, kissa nirodhā jarāmaraṇanirodho’ti?

    ‘When what doesn’t exist is there no old age and death? When what ceases do old age and death cease?’

59. 59

    अथa·tha खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve विपस्सिस्सvi·pas·sis·sa बोधिसत्तस्सbo·dhi·sat·tas·sa योनिसोyo·ni·so मनसिकाराma·na·si·kā·rā अहुa·hu पञ्ञायpañ·ñā·ya अभिसमयो:a·bhi·sa·ma·yo

    Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa bodhisattassa yoniso manasikārā ahu paññāya abhisamayo:

    Then, through rational application of mind, Vipassī penetrated with wisdom:

60. 60

    ‘जातियाjā·ti·yā खोkho असतिa·sa·ti जरामरणंja·rā·ma·ra·ṇaṃ नna होति,ho·ti जातिनिरोधाjā·ti·ni·ro·dhā जरामरणनिरोधो’ति।ja·rā·ma·ra·ṇa·ni·ro·dho

    ‘jātiyā kho asati jarāmaraṇaṁ na hoti, jātinirodhā jarāmaraṇanirodho’ti.

    ‘When rebirth doesn’t exist there’s no old age and death. When rebirth ceases, old age and death cease.’

61. 61

    अथa·tha खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve विपस्सिस्सvi·pas·sis·sa बोधिसत्तस्सbo·dhi·sat·tas·sa एतदहोसि:e·ta·da·ho·si

    Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa bodhisattassa etadahosi:

    Then Vipassī thought:

62. 62

    ‘किम्हिkim·hi नुnu खोkho असतिa·sa·ti जातिjā·ti नna होति,ho·ti किस्सkis·sa निरोधाni·ro·dhā जातिनिरोधो’ति?jā·ti·ni·ro·dho

    ‘kimhi nu kho asati jāti na hoti, kissa nirodhā jātinirodho’ti?

    ‘When what doesn’t exist is there no rebirth? When what ceases does rebirth cease?’

63. 63

    अथa·tha खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve विपस्सिस्सvi·pas·sis·sa बोधिसत्तस्सbo·dhi·sat·tas·sa योनिसोyo·ni·so मनसिकाराma·na·si·kā·rā अहुa·hu पञ्ञायpañ·ñā·ya अभिसमयो:a·bhi·sa·ma·yo

    Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa bodhisattassa yoniso manasikārā ahu paññāya abhisamayo:

    Then, through rational application of mind, Vipassī penetrated with wisdom:

64. 64

    ‘भवेbha·ve खोkho असतिa·sa·ti जातिjā·ti नna होति,ho·ti भवनिरोधाbha·va·ni·ro·dhā जातिनिरोधो’ति।jā·ti·ni·ro·dho

    ‘bhave kho asati jāti na hoti, bhavanirodhā jātinirodho’ti.

    ‘When continued existence doesn’t exist there’s no rebirth. When continued existence ceases, rebirth ceases.’

65. 65

    अथa·tha खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve विपस्सिस्सvi·pas·sis·sa बोधिसत्तस्सbo·dhi·sat·tas·sa एतदहोसि:e·ta·da·ho·si

    Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa bodhisattassa etadahosi:

    Then Vipassī thought:

66. 66

    ‘किम्हिkim·hi नुnu खोkho असतिa·sa·ti भवोbha·vo नna होति,ho·ti किस्सkis·sa निरोधाni·ro·dhā भवनिरोधो’ति?bha·va·ni·ro·dho

    ‘kimhi nu kho asati bhavo na hoti, kissa nirodhā bhavanirodho’ti?

    ‘When what doesn’t exist is there no continued existence? When what ceases does continued existence cease?’

67. 67

    अथa·tha खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve विपस्सिस्सvi·pas·sis·sa बोधिसत्तस्सbo·dhi·sat·tas·sa योनिसोyo·ni·so मनसिकाराma·na·si·kā·rā अहुa·hu पञ्ञायpañ·ñā·ya अभिसमयो:a·bhi·sa·ma·yo

    Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa bodhisattassa yoniso manasikārā ahu paññāya abhisamayo:

    Then, through rational application of mind, Vipassī penetrated with wisdom:

68. 68

    ‘उपादानेu·pā·dā·ne खोkho असतिa·sa·ti भवोbha·vo नna होति,ho·ti उपादाननिरोधाu·pā·dā·na·ni·ro·dhā भवनिरोधो’ति।bha·va·ni·ro·dho

    ‘upādāne kho asati bhavo na hoti, upādānanirodhā bhavanirodho’ti.

    ‘When grasping doesn’t exist there’s no continued existence. When grasping ceases, continued existence ceases.’

69. 69

    अथa·tha खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve विपस्सिस्सvi·pas·sis·sa बोधिसत्तस्सbo·dhi·sat·tas·sa एतदहोसि:e·ta·da·ho·si

    Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa bodhisattassa etadahosi:

    Then Vipassī thought:

70. 70

    ‘किम्हिkim·hi नुnu खोkho असतिa·sa·ti उपादानंu·pā·dā·naṃ नna होति,ho·ti किस्सkis·sa निरोधाni·ro·dhā उपादाननिरोधो’ति?u·pā·dā·na·ni·ro·dho

    ‘kimhi nu kho asati upādānaṁ na hoti, kissa nirodhā upādānanirodho’ti?

    ‘When what doesn’t exist is there no grasping? When what ceases does grasping cease?’

71. 71

    अथa·tha खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve विपस्सिस्सvi·pas·sis·sa बोधिसत्तस्सbo·dhi·sat·tas·sa योनिसोyo·ni·so मनसिकाराma·na·si·kā·rā अहुa·hu पञ्ञायpañ·ñā·ya अभिसमयो:a·bhi·sa·ma·yo

    Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa bodhisattassa yoniso manasikārā ahu paññāya abhisamayo:

    Then, through rational application of mind, Vipassī penetrated with wisdom:

72. 72

    ‘तण्हायtaṇ·hā·ya खोkho असतिa·sa·ti उपादानंu·pā·dā·naṃ नna होति,ho·ti तण्हानिरोधाtaṇ·hā·ni·ro·dhā उपादाननिरोधो’ति।u·pā·dā·na·ni·ro·dho

    ‘taṇhāya kho asati upādānaṁ na hoti, taṇhānirodhā upādānanirodho’ti.

    ‘When craving doesn’t exist there’s no grasping. When craving ceases, grasping ceases.’

73. 73

    अथa·tha खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve विपस्सिस्सvi·pas·sis·sa बोधिसत्तस्सbo·dhi·sat·tas·sa एतदहोसि:e·ta·da·ho·si

    Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa bodhisattassa etadahosi:

    Then Vipassī thought:

74. 74

    ‘किम्हिkim·hi नुnu खोkho असतिa·sa·ti तण्हाtaṇ·hā नna होति,ho·ti किस्सkis·sa निरोधाni·ro·dhā तण्हानिरोधो’ति?taṇ·hā·ni·ro·dho

    ‘kimhi nu kho asati taṇhā na hoti, kissa nirodhā taṇhānirodho’ti?

    ‘When what doesn’t exist is there no craving? When what ceases does craving cease?’

75. 75

    अथa·tha खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve विपस्सिस्सvi·pas·sis·sa बोधिसत्तस्सbo·dhi·sat·tas·sa योनिसोyo·ni·so मनसिकाराma·na·si·kā·rā अहुa·hu पञ्ञायpañ·ñā·ya अभिसमयो:a·bhi·sa·ma·yo

    Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa bodhisattassa yoniso manasikārā ahu paññāya abhisamayo:

    Then, through rational application of mind, Vipassī penetrated with wisdom:

76. 76

    ‘वेदनायve·da·nā·ya खोkho असतिa·sa·ti तण्हाtaṇ·hā नna होति,ho·ti वेदनानिरोधाve·da·nā·ni·ro·dhā तण्हानिरोधो’ति।taṇ·hā·ni·ro·dho

    ‘vedanāya kho asati taṇhā na hoti, vedanānirodhā taṇhānirodho’ti.

    ‘When feeling doesn’t exist there’s no craving. When feeling ceases, craving ceases.’

77. 77

    अथa·tha खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve विपस्सिस्सvi·pas·sis·sa बोधिसत्तस्सbo·dhi·sat·tas·sa एतदहोसि:e·ta·da·ho·si

    Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa bodhisattassa etadahosi:

    Then Vipassī thought:

78. 78

    ‘किम्हिkim·hi नुnu खोkho असतिa·sa·ti वेदनाve·da·nā नna होति,ho·ti किस्सkis·sa निरोधाni·ro·dhā वेदनानिरोधो’ति?ve·da·nā·ni·ro·dho

    ‘kimhi nu kho asati vedanā na hoti, kissa nirodhā vedanānirodho’ti?

    ‘When what doesn’t exist is there no feeling? When what ceases does feeling cease?’

79. 79

    अथa·tha खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve विपस्सिस्सvi·pas·sis·sa बोधिसत्तस्सbo·dhi·sat·tas·sa योनिसोyo·ni·so मनसिकाराma·na·si·kā·rā अहुa·hu पञ्ञायpañ·ñā·ya अभिसमयो:a·bhi·sa·ma·yo

    Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa bodhisattassa yoniso manasikārā ahu paññāya abhisamayo:

    Then, through rational application of mind, Vipassī penetrated with wisdom:

80. 80

    ‘फस्सेphas·se खोkho असतिa·sa·ti वेदनाve·da·nā नna होति,ho·ti फस्सनिरोधाphas·sa·ni·ro·dhā वेदनानिरोधो’ति।ve·da·nā·ni·ro·dho

    ‘phasse kho asati vedanā na hoti, phassanirodhā vedanānirodho’ti.

    ‘When contact doesn’t exist there’s no feeling. When contact ceases, feeling ceases.’

81. 81

    अथa·tha खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve विपस्सिस्सvi·pas·sis·sa बोधिसत्तस्सbo·dhi·sat·tas·sa एतदहोसि:e·ta·da·ho·si

    Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa bodhisattassa etadahosi:

    Then Vipassī thought:

82. 82

    ‘किम्हिkim·hi नुnu खोkho असतिa·sa·ti फस्सोphas·so नna होति,ho·ti किस्सkis·sa निरोधाni·ro·dhā फस्सनिरोधो’ति?phas·sa·ni·ro·dho

    ‘kimhi nu kho asati phasso na hoti, kissa nirodhā phassanirodho’ti?

    ‘When what doesn’t exist is there no contact? When what ceases does contact cease?’

83. 83

    अथa·tha खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve विपस्सिस्सvi·pas·sis·sa बोधिसत्तस्सbo·dhi·sat·tas·sa योनिसोyo·ni·so मनसिकाराma·na·si·kā·rā अहुa·hu पञ्ञायpañ·ñā·ya अभिसमयो:a·bhi·sa·ma·yo

    Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa bodhisattassa yoniso manasikārā ahu paññāya abhisamayo:

    Then, through rational application of mind, Vipassī penetrated with wisdom:

84. 84

    ‘सळायतनेsa·ḷā·ya·ta·ne खोkho असतिa·sa·ti फस्सोphas·so नna होति,ho·ti सळायतननिरोधाsa·ḷā·ya·ta·na·ni·ro·dhā फस्सनिरोधो’ति।phas·sa·ni·ro·dho

    ‘saḷāyatane kho asati phasso na hoti, saḷāyatananirodhā phassanirodho’ti.

    ‘When the six sense fields don’t exist there’s no contact. When the six sense fields cease, contact ceases.’

85. 85

    अथa·tha खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve विपस्सिस्सvi·pas·sis·sa बोधिसत्तस्सbo·dhi·sat·tas·sa एतदहोसि:e·ta·da·ho·si

    Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa bodhisattassa etadahosi:

    Then Vipassī thought:

86. 86

    ‘किम्हिkim·hi नुnu खोkho असतिa·sa·ti सळायतनंsa·ḷā·ya·ta·naṃ नna होति,ho·ti किस्सkis·sa निरोधाni·ro·dhā सळायतननिरोधो’ति?sa·ḷā·ya·ta·na·ni·ro·dho

    ‘kimhi nu kho asati saḷāyatanaṁ na hoti, kissa nirodhā saḷāyatananirodho’ti?

    ‘When what doesn’t exist are there no six sense fields? When what ceases do the six sense fields cease?’

87. 87

    अथa·tha खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve विपस्सिस्सvi·pas·sis·sa बोधिसत्तस्सbo·dhi·sat·tas·sa योनिसोyo·ni·so मनसिकाराma·na·si·kā·rā अहुa·hu पञ्ञायpañ·ñā·ya अभिसमयो:a·bhi·sa·ma·yo

    Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa bodhisattassa yoniso manasikārā ahu paññāya abhisamayo:

    Then, through rational application of mind, Vipassī penetrated with wisdom:

88. 88

    ‘नामरूपेnā·ma·rū·pe खोkho असतिa·sa·ti सळायतनंsa·ḷā·ya·ta·naṃ नna होति,ho·ti नामरूपनिरोधाnā·ma·rū·pa·ni·ro·dhā सळायतननिरोधो’ति।sa·ḷā·ya·ta·na·ni·ro·dho

    ‘nāmarūpe kho asati saḷāyatanaṁ na hoti, nāmarūpanirodhā saḷāyatananirodho’ti.

    ‘When name and form don’t exist there are no six sense fields. When name and form cease, the six sense fields cease.’

89. 89

    अथa·tha खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve विपस्सिस्सvi·pas·sis·sa बोधिसत्तस्सbo·dhi·sat·tas·sa एतदहोसि:e·ta·da·ho·si

    Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa bodhisattassa etadahosi:

    Then Vipassī thought:

90. 90

    ‘किम्हिkim·hi नुnu खोkho असतिa·sa·ti नामरूपंnā·ma·rū·paṃ नna होति,ho·ti किस्सkis·sa निरोधाni·ro·dhā नामरूपनिरोधो’ति?nā·ma·rū·pa·ni·ro·dho

    ‘kimhi nu kho asati nāmarūpaṁ na hoti, kissa nirodhā nāmarūpanirodho’ti?

    ‘When what doesn’t exist are there no name and form? When what ceases do name and form cease?’

91. 91

    अथa·tha खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve विपस्सिस्सvi·pas·sis·sa बोधिसत्तस्सbo·dhi·sat·tas·sa योनिसोyo·ni·so मनसिकाराma·na·si·kā·rā अहुa·hu पञ्ञायpañ·ñā·ya अभिसमयो:a·bhi·sa·ma·yo

    Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa bodhisattassa yoniso manasikārā ahu paññāya abhisamayo:

    Then, through rational application of mind, Vipassī penetrated with wisdom:

92. 92

    ‘विञ्ञाणेviñ·ñā·ṇe खोkho असतिa·sa·ti नामरूपंnā·ma·rū·paṃ नna होति,ho·ti विञ्ञाणनिरोधाviñ·ñā·ṇa·ni·ro·dhā नामरूपनिरोधो’ति।nā·ma·rū·pa·ni·ro·dho

    ‘viññāṇe kho asati nāmarūpaṁ na hoti, viññāṇanirodhā nāmarūpanirodho’ti.

    ‘When consciousness doesn’t exist there are no name and form. When consciousness ceases, name and form cease.’

93. 93

    अथa·tha खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve विपस्सिस्सvi·pas·sis·sa बोधिसत्तस्सbo·dhi·sat·tas·sa एतदहोसि:e·ta·da·ho·si

    Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa bodhisattassa etadahosi:

    Then Vipassī thought:

94. 94

    ‘किम्हिkim·hi नुnu खोkho असतिa·sa·ti विञ्ञाणंviñ·ñā·ṇaṃ नna होति,ho·ti किस्सkis·sa निरोधाni·ro·dhā विञ्ञाणनिरोधो’ति?viñ·ñā·ṇa·ni·ro·dho

    ‘kimhi nu kho asati viññāṇaṁ na hoti, kissa nirodhā viññāṇanirodho’ti?

    ‘When what doesn’t exist is there no consciousness? When what ceases does consciousness cease?’

95. 95

    अथa·tha खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve विपस्सिस्सvi·pas·sis·sa बोधिसत्तस्सbo·dhi·sat·tas·sa योनिसोyo·ni·so मनसिकाराma·na·si·kā·rā अहुa·hu पञ्ञायpañ·ñā·ya अभिसमयो:a·bhi·sa·ma·yo

    Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa bodhisattassa yoniso manasikārā ahu paññāya abhisamayo:

    Then, through rational application of mind, Vipassī penetrated with wisdom:

96. 96

    ‘सङ्खारेसुsaṅ·khā·re·su खोkho असतिa·sa·ti विञ्ञाणंviñ·ñā·ṇaṃ नna होति,ho·ti सङ्खारनिरोधाsaṅ·khā·ra·ni·ro·dhā विञ्ञाणनिरोधो’ति।viñ·ñā·ṇa·ni·ro·dho

    ‘saṅkhāresu kho asati viññāṇaṁ na hoti, saṅkhāranirodhā viññāṇanirodho’ti.

    ‘When choices don’t exist there’s no consciousness. When choices cease, consciousness ceases.’

97. 97

    अथa·tha खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve विपस्सिस्सvi·pas·sis·sa बोधिसत्तस्सbo·dhi·sat·tas·sa एतदहोसि:e·ta·da·ho·si

    Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa bodhisattassa etadahosi:

    Then Vipassī thought:

98. 98

    ‘किम्हिkim·hi नुnu खोkho असतिa·sa·ti सङ्खाराsaṅ·khā·rā नna होन्ति,hon·ti किस्सkis·sa निरोधाni·ro·dhā सङ्खारनिरोधो’ति?saṅ·khā·ra·ni·ro·dho

    ‘kimhi nu kho asati saṅkhārā na honti, kissa nirodhā saṅkhāranirodho’ti?

    ‘When what doesn’t exist are there no choices? When what ceases do choices cease?’

99. 99

    अथa·tha खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve विपस्सिस्सvi·pas·sis·sa बोधिसत्तस्सbo·dhi·sat·tas·sa योनिसोyo·ni·so मनसिकाराma·na·si·kā·rā अहुa·hu पञ्ञायpañ·ñā·ya अभिसमयो:a·bhi·sa·ma·yo

    Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa bodhisattassa yoniso manasikārā ahu paññāya abhisamayo:

    Then, through rational application of mind, Vipassī penetrated with wisdom:

100. 100

     ‘अविज्जायa·vij·jā·ya खोkho असतिa·sa·ti सङ्खाराsaṅ·khā·rā नna होन्ति,hon·ti अविज्जानिरोधाa·vij·jā·ni·ro·dhā सङ्खारनिरोधो’ति।saṅ·khā·ra·ni·ro·dho

     ‘avijjāya kho asati saṅkhārā na honti, avijjānirodhā saṅkhāranirodho’ti.

     ‘When ignorance doesn’t exist there are no choices. When ignorance ceases, choices cease.’

101. 101

     इतिi·ti हिदंhi·daṃ अविज्जानिरोधाa·vij·jā·ni·ro·dhā सङ्खारनिरोधो;saṅ·khā·ra·ni·ro·dho

     Iti hidaṁ avijjānirodhā saṅkhāranirodho;

     And so, when ignorance ceases, choices cease.

102. 102

     सङ्खारनिरोधाsaṅ·khā·ra·ni·ro·dhā विञ्ञाणनिरोधोviñ·ñā·ṇa·ni·ro·dho …पे…pe

     saṅkhāranirodhā viññāṇanirodho …pe…

     When choices cease, consciousness ceases. …

103. 103

     एवमेतस्सe·va·me·tas·sa केवलस्सke·va·las·sa दुक्खक्खन्धस्सduk·khak·khan·dhas·sa निरोधोni·ro·dho होतीति।ho·tī·ti

     evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa nirodho hotīti.

     That is how this entire mass of suffering ceases.

104. 104

     ‘निरोधो,ni·ro·dho निरोधो’तिni·ro·dho खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve विपस्सिस्सvi·pas·sis·sa बोधिसत्तस्सbo·dhi·sat·tas·sa पुब्बेpub·be अननुस्सुतेसुa·na·nus·su·te·su धम्मेसुdham·me·su चक्खुंcak·khuṃ उदपादि,u·da·pā·di ञाणंñā·ṇaṃ उदपादि,u·da·pā·di पञ्ञाpañ·ñā उदपादि,u·da·pā·di विज्जाvij·jā उदपादि,u·da·pā·di आलोकोā·lo·ko उदपादी”ति।u·da·pā·dī

     ‘Nirodho, nirodho’ti kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa bodhisattassa pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu cakkhuṁ udapādi, ñāṇaṁ udapādi, paññā udapādi, vijjā udapādi, āloko udapādī”ti.

     ‘Cessation, cessation.’ Such was the vision, knowledge, wisdom, realization, and light that arose in Vipassī, the one intent on awakening, regarding teachings not learned before from another.”

105. 105

     चतुत्थं।ca·tut·thaṃ

     Catutthaṁ.

     (Pāli only)

106. 106

     (सत्तन्नम्पिsat·tan·nam·pi बुद्धानंbud·dhā·naṃ एवंe·vaṃ वित्थारेतब्बो।)vit·thā·re·tab·bo

     (Sattannampi buddhānaṁ evaṁ vitthāretabbo.)

     (Tell in full for each of the seven Buddhas.)

Sources. Sanskrit: Satyavedaḥ, the New Testament in Sanskrit (Calcutta Baptist Missionaries, 1851; J. Wenger’s revision of W. Carey’s version). Digital text © 2018 SanskritBible.in, via eBible.org, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0; changed here: arranged by verse and every word linked to the dictionary (links made automatically). Old Testament Sanskrit: the Old Testament in Sanskrit, Calcutta Baptist Mission Press, 1848–1852 (public domain), read by OCR from the Internet Archive scans of the Boston University School of Theology copy; unproofread, with machine clean-up only. Pāli Canon: Mahāsaṅgīti Tipiṭaka Buddhavasse 2500 (based on the Vipassana Research Institute’s Chaṭṭha Saṅgāyana edition), from SuttaCentral bilara-data, CC0; Devanagari and pronunciation made automatically from the Roman text. Pāli English: Bhikkhu Sujato (suttas) and Bhikkhu Brahmali (Vinaya), SuttaCentral, CC0. Pāli word meanings: the Pali Text Society’s Pali-English Dictionary (Rhys Davids & Stede), corrected reprint © The Pali Text Society, CC BY-NC 3.0, digital text from BuddhaDust; word matching automatic. English: King James Version (1769), public domain; words the translators added are in italics. Word meanings and pronunciations: Monier-Williams, Sanskrit–English Dictionary (1872), via this site’s Sanskrit dictionary (CC BY-SA 4.0); English↔Sanskrit word matches made automatically and may need checking.