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Linked Discourses 35 201 संयुत्त निकाय 35।1 201
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Yavakalāpisutta
Pāli in Devanagari; under each word its Roman pronunciation, syllable by syllable (ṃ = nasal hum). Tap a Pāli word for its meaning (PTS Pāli-English Dictionary); tap again to open it in the Pāli dictionary.
Verse: 1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950515253545556575859606162636465 · Hide pronunciation
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Linked Discourses 35.248
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यवकलापिसुत्तya·va·ka·lā·pi·sut·ta
Yavakalāpisutta
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“सेय्यथापि,sey·ya·thā·pi भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve यवकलापीya·va·ka·lā·pī चातुमहापथेcā·tu·ma·hā·pa·the निक्खित्ताnik·khit·tā अस्स।as·sa
“Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, yavakalāpī cātumahāpathe nikkhittā assa.
“Mendicants, suppose a sheaf of barley was placed at a crossroads.
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एवञ्हिe·vañ·hi साsā भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve यवकलापीya·va·ka·lā·pī सुहततराsu·ha·ta·ta·rā अस्स,as·sa सत्तमायsat·ta·mā·ya ब्याभङ्गियाbyā·bhaṅ·gi·yā हञ्ञमाना।hañ·ña·mā·nā
Evañhi sā bhikkhave, yavakalāpī suhatatarā assa, sattamāya byābhaṅgiyā haññamānā.
So that sheaf of barley would be even more thoroughly threshed by that seventh flail.
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एवमेवe·va·me·va खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve अस्सुतवाas·su·ta·vā पुथुज्जनोpu·thuj·ja·no चक्खुस्मिंcak·khus·miṃ हञ्ञतिhañ·ña·ti मनापामनापेहिma·nā·pā·ma·nā·pe·hi रूपेहिrū·pe·hi …पे…pe
Evameva kho, bhikkhave, assutavā puthujjano cakkhusmiṁ haññati manāpāmanāpehi rūpehi …pe…
In the same way, an unlearned ordinary person is struck in the eye by both pleasant and unpleasant sights.
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सचेsa·ce सो,so भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve अस्सुतवाas·su·ta·vā पुथुज्जनोpu·thuj·ja·no आयतिंā·ya·tiṃ पुनब्भवायpu·nab·bha·vā·ya चेतेति,ce·te·ti एवञ्हिe·vañ·hi सो,so भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve मोघपुरिसोmo·gha·pu·ri·so सुहततरोsu·ha·ta·ta·ro होति,ho·ti सेय्यथापिsey·ya·thā·pi साsā यवकलापीya·va·ka·lā·pī सत्तमायsat·ta·mā·ya ब्याभङ्गियाbyā·bhaṅ·gi·yā हञ्ञमाना।hañ·ña·mā·nā
Sace so, bhikkhave, assutavā puthujjano āyatiṁ punabbhavāya ceteti, evañhi so, bhikkhave, moghapuriso suhatataro hoti, seyyathāpi sā yavakalāpī sattamāya byābhaṅgiyā haññamānā.
And if that unlearned ordinary person intends to be reborn in a new state of existence in the future, that futile person is even more thoroughly struck, like that sheaf of barley threshed by the seventh person.
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‘सचे,sa·ce मारिसा,mā·ri·sā देवासुरसङ्गामेde·vā·su·ra·saṅ·gā·me समुपब्यूळ्हेsa·mu·pab·yū·ḷhe असुराa·su·rā जिनेय्युंji·ney·yuṃ देवाde·vā पराजिनेय्युं,pa·rā·ji·ney·yuṃ येनye·na नंnaṃ सक्कंsak·kaṃ देवानमिन्दंde·vā·na·min·daṃ कण्ठपञ्चमेहिkaṇ·ṭha·pañ·ca·me·hi बन्धनेहिban·dha·ne·hi बन्धित्वाban·dhit·vā ममma·ma सन्तिकेsan·ti·ke आनेय्याथā·ney·yā·tha असुरपुरन्’ति।a·su·ra·pu·ran
‘sace, mārisā, devāsurasaṅgāme samupabyūḷhe asurā jineyyuṁ devā parājineyyuṁ, yena naṁ sakkaṁ devānamindaṁ kaṇṭhapañcamehi bandhanehi bandhitvā mama santike āneyyātha asurapuran’ti.
‘My good fellows, if the titans defeat the gods in this battle, bind Sakka, the lord of gods, by his limbs and neck and bring him to my presence in the citadel of the titans.’
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‘सचे,sa·ce मारिसा,mā·ri·sā देवासुरसङ्गामेde·vā·su·ra·saṅ·gā·me समुपब्यूळ्हेsa·mu·pab·yū·ḷhe देवाde·vā जिनेय्युंji·ney·yuṃ असुराa·su·rā पराजिनेय्युं,pa·rā·ji·ney·yuṃ येनye·na नंnaṃ वेपचित्तिंve·pa·cit·tiṃ असुरिन्दंa·su·rin·daṃ कण्ठपञ्चमेहिkaṇ·ṭha·pañ·ca·me·hi बन्धनेहिban·dha·ne·hi बन्धित्वाban·dhit·vā ममma·ma सन्तिकेsan·ti·ke आनेय्याथā·ney·yā·tha सुधम्मंsu·dham·maṃ देवसभन्’ति।de·va·sa·bhan
‘sace, mārisā, devāsurasaṅgāme samupabyūḷhe devā jineyyuṁ asurā parājineyyuṁ, yena naṁ vepacittiṁ asurindaṁ kaṇṭhapañcamehi bandhanehi bandhitvā mama santike āneyyātha sudhammaṁ devasabhan’ti.
‘My good fellows, if the gods defeat the titans in this battle, bind Vepacitti by his limbs and neck and bring him to my presence in the Hall of Clear Right of the gods.’
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अथa·tha खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve देवाde·vā तावतिंसाtā·va·tiṃ·sā वेपचित्तिंve·pa·cit·tiṃ असुरिन्दंa·su·rin·daṃ कण्ठपञ्चमेहिkaṇ·ṭha·pañ·ca·me·hi बन्धनेहिban·dha·ne·hi बन्धित्वाban·dhit·vā सक्कस्सsak·kas·sa देवानमिन्दस्सde·vā·na·min·das·sa सन्तिकेsan·ti·ke आनेसुंā·ne·suṃ सुधम्मंsu·dham·maṃ देवसभं।de·va·sa·bhaṃ
Atha kho, bhikkhave, devā tāvatiṁsā vepacittiṁ asurindaṁ kaṇṭhapañcamehi bandhanehi bandhitvā sakkassa devānamindassa santike ānesuṁ sudhammaṁ devasabhaṁ.
So the gods of the thirty-three bound Vepacitti by his limbs and neck and brought him to Sakka’s presence in the Hall of Clear Right of the gods.
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‘धम्मिकाdham·mi·kā खोkho देवा,de·vā अधम्मिकाa·dham·mi·kā असुरा,a·su·rā इधेवi·dhe·va दानाहंdā·nā·haṃ देवपुरंde·va·pu·raṃ गच्छामी’ति।gac·chā·mī
‘dhammikā kho devā, adhammikā asurā, idheva dānāhaṁ devapuraṁ gacchāmī’ti.
‘It’s the gods who are principled, while the titans are unprincipled. Now I belong right here in the castle of the gods.’
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अथa·tha कण्ठपञ्चमेहिkaṇ·ṭha·pañ·ca·me·hi बन्धनेहिban·dha·ne·hi मुत्तंmut·taṃ अत्तानंat·tā·naṃ समनुपस्सति,sa·ma·nu·pas·sa·ti दिब्बेहिdib·be·hi चca पञ्चहिpañ·ca·hi कामगुणेहिkā·ma·gu·ṇe·hi समप्पितोsa·map·pi·to समङ्गीभूतोsa·maṅ·gī·bhū·to परिचारेति।pa·ri·cā·re·ti
Atha kaṇṭhapañcamehi bandhanehi muttaṁ attānaṁ samanupassati, dibbehi ca pañcahi kāmaguṇehi samappito samaṅgībhūto paricāreti.
Then he found himself freed from the bonds on his limbs and neck. He amused himself, supplied and provided with the five kinds of heavenly sensual stimulation.
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‘धम्मिकाdham·mi·kā खोkho असुरा,a·su·rā अधम्मिकाa·dham·mi·kā देवा,de·vā तत्थेवtat·the·va दानाहंdā·nā·haṃ असुरपुरंa·su·ra·pu·raṃ गमिस्सामी’ति।ga·mis·sā·mī
‘dhammikā kho asurā, adhammikā devā, tattheva dānāhaṁ asurapuraṁ gamissāmī’ti.
‘It’s the titans who are principled, while the gods are unprincipled. Now I will go over there to the citadel of the titans,’
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अथa·tha कण्ठपञ्चमेहिkaṇ·ṭha·pañ·ca·me·hi बन्धनेहिban·dha·ne·hi बद्धंbad·dhaṃ अत्तानंat·tā·naṃ समनुपस्सति,sa·ma·nu·pas·sa·ti दिब्बेहिdib·be·hi चca पञ्चहिpañ·ca·hi कामगुणेहिkā·ma·gu·ṇe·hi परिहायति।pa·ri·hā·ya·ti
atha kaṇṭhapañcamehi bandhanehi baddhaṁ attānaṁ samanupassati, dibbehi ca pañcahi kāmaguṇehi parihāyati.
he found himself bound by his limbs and neck, and the five kinds of heavenly sensual stimulation fell away.
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‘अस्मी’ति,as·mī भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve मञ्ञितमेतं,mañ·ñi·ta·me·taṃ ‘अयमहमस्मी’तिa·ya·ma·ha·mas·mī मञ्ञितमेतं,mañ·ñi·ta·me·taṃ ‘भविस्सन्’तिbha·vis·san मञ्ञितमेतं,mañ·ñi·ta·me·taṃ ‘नna भविस्सन्’तिbha·vis·san मञ्ञितमेतं,mañ·ñi·ta·me·taṃ ‘रूपीrū·pī भविस्सन्’तिbha·vis·san मञ्ञितमेतं,mañ·ñi·ta·me·taṃ ‘अरूपीa·rū·pī भविस्सन्’तिbha·vis·san मञ्ञितमेतं,mañ·ñi·ta·me·taṃ ‘सञ्ञीsañ·ñī भविस्सन्’तिbha·vis·san मञ्ञितमेतं,mañ·ñi·ta·me·taṃ ‘असञ्ञीa·sañ·ñī भविस्सन्’तिbha·vis·san मञ्ञितमेतं,mañ·ñi·ta·me·taṃ ‘नेवसञ्ञीनासञ्ञीne·va·sañ·ñī·nā·sañ·ñī भविस्सन्’तिbha·vis·san मञ्ञितमेतं।mañ·ñi·ta·me·taṃ
‘Asmī’ti, bhikkhave, maññitametaṁ, ‘ayamahamasmī’ti maññitametaṁ, ‘bhavissan’ti maññitametaṁ, ‘na bhavissan’ti maññitametaṁ, ‘rūpī bhavissan’ti maññitametaṁ, ‘arūpī bhavissan’ti maññitametaṁ, ‘saññī bhavissan’ti maññitametaṁ, ‘asaññī bhavissan’ti maññitametaṁ, ‘nevasaññīnāsaññī bhavissan’ti maññitametaṁ.
These are what is conceived: ‘I am’, ‘I am this’, ‘I will be’, ‘I will not be’, ‘I will have form’, ‘I will be formless’, ‘I will be percipient’, ‘I will be non-percipient’, ‘I will be neither percipient nor non-percipient.’
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एवञ्हिe·vañ·hi वो,vo भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve सिक्खितब्बं।sik·khi·tab·baṃ
evañhi vo, bhikkhave, sikkhitabbaṁ.
(Pāli only)
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‘अस्मी’ति,as·mī भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve इञ्जितमेतं,iñ·ji·ta·me·taṃ ‘अयमहमस्मी’तिa·ya·ma·ha·mas·mī इञ्जितमेतं,iñ·ji·ta·me·taṃ ‘भविस्सन्’तिbha·vis·san इञ्जितमेतं,iñ·ji·ta·me·taṃ ‘नna भविस्सन्’तिbha·vis·san इञ्जितमेतं,iñ·ji·ta·me·taṃ ‘रूपीrū·pī भविस्सन्’तिbha·vis·san इञ्जितमेतं,iñ·ji·ta·me·taṃ ‘अरूपीa·rū·pī भविस्सन्’तिbha·vis·san इञ्जितमेतं,iñ·ji·ta·me·taṃ ‘सञ्ञीsañ·ñī भविस्सन्’तिbha·vis·san इञ्जितमेतं,iñ·ji·ta·me·taṃ ‘असञ्ञीa·sañ·ñī भविस्सन्’तिbha·vis·san इञ्जितमेतं,iñ·ji·ta·me·taṃ ‘नेवसञ्ञीनासञ्ञीne·va·sañ·ñī·nā·sañ·ñī भविस्सन्’तिbha·vis·san इञ्जितमेतं।iñ·ji·ta·me·taṃ
‘Asmī’ti, bhikkhave, iñjitametaṁ, ‘ayamahamasmī’ti iñjitametaṁ, ‘bhavissan’ti iñjitametaṁ, ‘na bhavissan’ti iñjitametaṁ, ‘rūpī bhavissan’ti iñjitametaṁ, ‘arūpī bhavissan’ti iñjitametaṁ, ‘saññī bhavissan’ti iñjitametaṁ, ‘asaññī bhavissan’ti iñjitametaṁ, ‘nevasaññīnāsaññī bhavissan’ti iñjitametaṁ.
These are what is perturbed: ‘I am’, ‘I am this’, ‘I will be’, ‘I will not be’, ‘I will have form’, ‘I will be formless’, ‘I will be percipient’, ‘I will be non-percipient’, ‘I will be neither percipient nor non-percipient.’
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तस्मातिह,tas·mā·ti·ha भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve ‘अनिञ्जमानेनa·niñ·ja·mā·ne·na चेतसाce·ta·sā विहरिस्सामा’ति—vi·ha·ris·sā·mā
Tasmātiha, bhikkhave, ‘aniñjamānena cetasā viharissāmā’ti—
So mendicants, you should train yourselves like this: ‘We will live with a heart free of perturbation.’
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एवञ्हिe·vañ·hi वो,vo भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve सिक्खितब्बं।sik·khi·tab·baṃ
evañhi vo, bhikkhave, sikkhitabbaṁ.
(Pāli only)
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‘अस्मी’ति,as·mī भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve फन्दितमेतं,phan·di·ta·me·taṃ ‘अयमहमस्मी’तिa·ya·ma·ha·mas·mī फन्दितमेतं,phan·di·ta·me·taṃ ‘भविस्सन्’तिbha·vis·san …पे…pe ‘नna भविस्सन्’तिbha·vis·san … ‘रूपीrū·pī भविस्सन्’तिbha·vis·san … ‘अरूपीa·rū·pī भविस्सन्’तिbha·vis·san … ‘सञ्ञीsañ·ñī भविस्सन्’तिbha·vis·san … ‘असञ्ञीa·sañ·ñī भविस्सन्’तिbha·vis·san … ‘नेवसञ्ञीनासञ्ञीne·va·sañ·ñī·nā·sañ·ñī भविस्सन्’तिbha·vis·san फन्दितमेतं।phan·di·ta·me·taṃ
‘Asmī’ti, bhikkhave, phanditametaṁ, ‘ayamahamasmī’ti phanditametaṁ, ‘bhavissan’ti …pe… ‘na bhavissan’ti … ‘rūpī bhavissan’ti … ‘arūpī bhavissan’ti … ‘saññī bhavissan’ti … ‘asaññī bhavissan’ti … ‘nevasaññīnāsaññī bhavissan’ti phanditametaṁ.
These are what has floundered: ‘I am’, ‘I am this’, ‘I will be’, ‘I will not be’, ‘I will have form’, ‘I will be formless’, ‘I will be percipient’, ‘I will be non-percipient’, ‘I will be neither percipient nor non-percipient.’
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तस्मातिह,tas·mā·ti·ha भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve ‘अफन्दमानेनa·phan·da·mā·ne·na चेतसाce·ta·sā विहरिस्सामा’ति—vi·ha·ris·sā·mā
Tasmātiha, bhikkhave, ‘aphandamānena cetasā viharissāmā’ti—
So mendicants, you should train yourselves like this: ‘We will live with a heart free of floundering.’
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एवञ्हिe·vañ·hi वो,vo भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve सिक्खितब्बं।sik·khi·tab·baṃ
evañhi vo, bhikkhave, sikkhitabbaṁ.
(Pāli only)
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‘अस्मी’ति,as·mī भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve पपञ्चितमेतं,pa·pañ·ci·ta·me·taṃ ‘अयमहमस्मी’तिa·ya·ma·ha·mas·mī पपञ्चितमेतं,pa·pañ·ci·ta·me·taṃ ‘भविस्सन्’तिbha·vis·san …पे…pe ‘नna भविस्सन्’तिbha·vis·san … ‘रूपीrū·pī भविस्सन्’तिbha·vis·san … ‘अरूपीa·rū·pī भविस्सन्’तिbha·vis·san … ‘सञ्ञीsañ·ñī भविस्सन्’तिbha·vis·san … ‘असञ्ञीa·sañ·ñī भविस्सन्’तिbha·vis·san … ‘नेवसञ्ञीनासञ्ञीne·va·sañ·ñī·nā·sañ·ñī भविस्सन्’तिbha·vis·san पपञ्चितमेतं।pa·pañ·ci·ta·me·taṃ
‘Asmī’ti, bhikkhave, papañcitametaṁ, ‘ayamahamasmī’ti papañcitametaṁ, ‘bhavissan’ti …pe… ‘na bhavissan’ti … ‘rūpī bhavissan’ti … ‘arūpī bhavissan’ti … ‘saññī bhavissan’ti … ‘asaññī bhavissan’ti … ‘nevasaññīnāsaññī bhavissan’ti papañcitametaṁ.
These are what is proliferated: ‘I am’, ‘I am this’, ‘I will be’, ‘I will not be’, ‘I will have form’, ‘I will be formless’, ‘I will be percipient’, ‘I will be non-percipient’, ‘I will be neither percipient nor non-percipient.’
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तस्मातिह,tas·mā·ti·ha भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve ‘निप्पपञ्चेनnip·pa·pañ·ce·na चेतसाce·ta·sā विहरिस्सामा’ति—vi·ha·ris·sā·mā
Tasmātiha, bhikkhave, ‘nippapañcena cetasā viharissāmā’ti—
So mendicants, you should train yourselves like this: ‘We will live with a heart free of proliferation.’
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एवञ्हिe·vañ·hi वो,vo भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve सिक्खितब्बं।sik·khi·tab·baṃ
evañhi vo, bhikkhave, sikkhitabbaṁ.
(Pāli only)
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48
‘अस्मी’ति,as·mī भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve मानगतमेतं,mā·na·ga·ta·me·taṃ ‘अयमहमस्मी’तिa·ya·ma·ha·mas·mī मानगतमेतं,mā·na·ga·ta·me·taṃ ‘भविस्सन्’तिbha·vis·san मानगतमेतं,mā·na·ga·ta·me·taṃ ‘नna भविस्सन्’तिbha·vis·san मानगतमेतं,mā·na·ga·ta·me·taṃ ‘रूपीrū·pī भविस्सन्’तिbha·vis·san मानगतमेतं,mā·na·ga·ta·me·taṃ ‘अरूपीa·rū·pī भविस्सन्’तिbha·vis·san मानगतमेतं,mā·na·ga·ta·me·taṃ ‘सञ्ञीsañ·ñī भविस्सन्’तिbha·vis·san मानगतमेतं,mā·na·ga·ta·me·taṃ ‘असञ्ञीa·sañ·ñī भविस्सन्’तिbha·vis·san मानगतमेतं,mā·na·ga·ta·me·taṃ ‘नेवसञ्ञीनासञ्ञीne·va·sañ·ñī·nā·sañ·ñī भविस्सन्’तिbha·vis·san मानगतमेतं।mā·na·ga·ta·me·taṃ
‘Asmī’ti, bhikkhave, mānagatametaṁ, ‘ayamahamasmī’ti mānagatametaṁ, ‘bhavissan’ti mānagatametaṁ, ‘na bhavissan’ti mānagatametaṁ, ‘rūpī bhavissan’ti mānagatametaṁ, ‘arūpī bhavissan’ti mānagatametaṁ, ‘saññī bhavissan’ti mānagatametaṁ, ‘asaññī bhavissan’ti mānagatametaṁ, ‘nevasaññīnāsaññī bhavissan’ti mānagatametaṁ.
These are states of conceit: ‘I am’, ‘I am this’, ‘I will be’, ‘I will not be’, ‘I will have form’, ‘I will be formless’, ‘I will be percipient’, ‘I will be non-percipient’, ‘I will be neither percipient nor non-percipient.’
- 49
- 50
-
51
एवञ्हिe·vañ·hi वो,vo भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve सिक्खितब्बन्”ति।sik·khi·tab·ban
evañhi vo, bhikkhave, sikkhitabban”ti.
(Pāli only)
-
52
एकादसमं।e·kā·da·sa·maṃ
Ekādasamaṁ.
(Pāli only)
-
53
आसीविसवग्गोā·sī·vi·sa·vag·go चतुत्थो।ca·tut·tho
Āsīvisavaggo catuttho.
(Pāli only)
-
54
तस्सुद्दानंtas·sud·dā·naṃ
Tassuddānaṁ
(Pāli only)
- 55
-
56
द्वेdve दारुक्खन्धाdā·ruk·khan·dhā अवस्सुतो;a·vas·su·to
dve dārukkhandhā avassuto;
(Pāli only)
-
57
दुक्खधम्माduk·kha·dham·mā किंसुकाkiṃ·su·kā वीणा,vī·ṇā
Dukkhadhammā kiṁsukā vīṇā,
(Pāli only)
-
58
छप्पाणाchap·pā·ṇā यवकलापीति।ya·va·ka·lā·pī·ti
chappāṇā yavakalāpīti.
(Pāli only)
-
59
सळायतनवग्गेsa·ḷā·ya·ta·na·vag·ge चतुत्थपण्णासकोca·tut·tha·paṇ·ṇā·sa·ko समत्तो।sa·mat·to
Saḷāyatanavagge catutthapaṇṇāsako samatto.
(Pāli only)
-
60
तस्सtas·sa वग्गुद्दानंvag·gud·dā·naṃ
Tassa vagguddānaṁ
(Pāli only)
-
61
नन्दिक्खयोnan·dik·kha·yo सट्ठिनयो,saṭ·ṭhi·na·yo
Nandikkhayo saṭṭhinayo,
(Pāli only)
- 62
-
63
चतुपण्णासकाca·tu·paṇ·ṇā·sa·kā एते,e·te
Catupaṇṇāsakā ete,
(Pāli only)
-
64
निपातेसुni·pā·te·su पकासिताति।pa·kā·si·tā·ti
nipātesu pakāsitāti.
(Pāli only)
- 65
Sources. Sanskrit: Satyavedaḥ, the New Testament in Sanskrit (Calcutta Baptist Missionaries, 1851; J. Wenger’s revision of W. Carey’s version). Digital text © 2018 SanskritBible.in, via eBible.org, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0; changed here: arranged by verse and every word linked to the dictionary (links made automatically). Old Testament Sanskrit: the Old Testament in Sanskrit, Calcutta Baptist Mission Press, 1848–1852 (public domain), read by OCR from the Internet Archive scans of the Boston University School of Theology copy; unproofread, with machine clean-up only. Pāli Canon: Mahāsaṅgīti Tipiṭaka Buddhavasse 2500 (based on the Vipassana Research Institute’s Chaṭṭha Saṅgāyana edition), from SuttaCentral bilara-data, CC0; Devanagari and pronunciation made automatically from the Roman text. Pāli English: Bhikkhu Sujato (suttas) and Bhikkhu Brahmali (Vinaya), SuttaCentral, CC0. Pāli word meanings: the Pali Text Society’s Pali-English Dictionary (Rhys Davids & Stede), corrected reprint © The Pali Text Society, CC BY-NC 3.0, digital text from BuddhaDust; word matching automatic. English: King James Version (1769), public domain; words the translators added are in italics. Word meanings and pronunciations: Monier-Williams, Sanskrit–English Dictionary (1872), via this site’s Sanskrit dictionary (CC BY-SA 4.0); English↔Sanskrit word matches made automatically and may need checking.