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Linked Discourses 42 2 संयुत्त निकाय 42।1 2

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Tālapuṭasutta

Pāli in Devanagari; under each word its Roman pronunciation, syllable by syllable (ṃ = nasal hum). Tap a Pāli word for its meaning (PTS Pāli-English Dictionary); tap again to open it in the Pāli dictionary.

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  1. 1

    संयुत्तsaṃ·yut·ta निकायni·kā·ya 42।2

    Saṁyutta Nikāya 42.2

    Linked Discourses 42.2

  2. 2

    1। गामणिवग्गgā·ma·ṇi·vag·ga

    1. Gāmaṇivagga

    1. Chiefs

  3. 3

    तालपुटसुत्तtā·la·pu·ṭa·sut·ta

    Tālapuṭasutta

    With Tālapuṭa

  4. 4

    एकंe·kaṃ समयंsa·ma·yaṃ भगवाbha·ga·vā राजगहेrā·ja·ga·he विहरतिvi·ha·ra·ti वेळुवनेve·ḷu·va·ne कलन्दकनिवापे।ka·lan·da·ka·ni·vā·pe

    Ekaṁ samayaṁ bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe.

    At one time the Buddha was staying near Rājagaha in the Bamboo Grove, the squirrels’ feeding ground.

  5. 5

    अथa·tha खोkho तालपुटोtā·la·pu·ṭo नटगामणिna·ṭa·gā·ma·ṇi येनye·na भगवाbha·ga·vā तेनुपसङ्कमि;te·nu·pa·saṅ·ka·mi उपसङ्कमित्वाu·pa·saṅ·ka·mit·vā भगवन्तंbha·ga·van·taṃ अभिवादेत्वाa·bhi·vā·det·vā एकमन्तंe·ka·man·taṃ निसीदि।ni·sī·di एकमन्तंe·ka·man·taṃ निसिन्नोni·sin·no खोkho तालपुटोtā·la·pu·ṭo नटगामणिna·ṭa·gā·ma·ṇi भगवन्तंbha·ga·van·taṃ एतदवोच:e·ta·da·vo·ca

    Atha kho tālapuṭo naṭagāmaṇi yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi. Ekamantaṁ nisinno kho tālapuṭo naṭagāmaṇi bhagavantaṁ etadavoca:

    Then Tālapuṭa the dancing chief came up to the Buddha, bowed, sat down to one side, and said to him:

  6. 6

    “सुतंsu·taṃ मेतं,me·taṃ भन्ते,bhan·te पुब्बकानंpub·ba·kā·naṃ आचरियपाचरियानंā·ca·ri·ya·pā·ca·ri·yā·naṃ नटानंna·ṭā·naṃ भासमानानं:bhā·sa·mā·nā·naṃ

    “sutaṁ metaṁ, bhante, pubbakānaṁ ācariyapācariyānaṁ naṭānaṁ bhāsamānānaṁ:

    “Sir, I have heard that the dancers of the past who were tutors of tutors said:

  7. 7

    ‘योyo सोso नटोna·ṭo रङ्गमज्झेraṅ·ga·maj·jhe समज्जमज्झेsa·maj·ja·maj·jhe सच्चालिकेनsac·cā·li·ke·na जनंja·naṃ हासेतिhā·se·ti रमेति,ra·me·ti सोso कायस्सkā·yas·sa भेदाbhe·dā परंpa·raṃ मरणाma·ra·ṇā पहासानंpa·hā·sā·naṃ देवानंde·vā·naṃ सहब्यतंsa·hab·ya·taṃ उपपज्जती’ति।u·pa·paj·ja·tī

    ‘yo so naṭo raṅgamajjhe samajjamajjhe saccālikena janaṁ hāseti rameti, so kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā pahāsānaṁ devānaṁ sahabyataṁ upapajjatī’ti.

    ‘Suppose a dancer entertains and amuses people on a stage or at a festival with mixed truth and lies. When their body breaks up, after death, they’re reborn in the company of laughing gods.’

  8. 8

    इधi·dha भगवाbha·ga·vā किमाहा”ति?ki·mā·hā

    Idha bhagavā kimāhā”ti?

    What does the Buddha say about this?”

  9. 9

    “अलं,a·laṃ गामणि,gā·ma·ṇi तिट्ठतेतं।tiṭ·ṭha·te·taṃ माmā मंmaṃ एतंe·taṃ पुच्छी”ति।puc·chī

    “Alaṁ, gāmaṇi, tiṭṭhatetaṁ. Mā maṁ etaṁ pucchī”ti.

    “Enough, chief, let it be. Don’t ask me that.”

  10. 10

    दुतियम्पिdu·ti·yam·pi खोkho तालपुटोtā·la·pu·ṭo नटगामणिna·ṭa·gā·ma·ṇi भगवन्तंbha·ga·van·taṃ एतदवोच:e·ta·da·vo·ca

    Dutiyampi kho tālapuṭo naṭagāmaṇi bhagavantaṁ etadavoca:

    For a second time …

  11. 11

    “सुतंsu·taṃ मेतं,me·taṃ भन्ते,bhan·te पुब्बकानंpub·ba·kā·naṃ आचरियपाचरियानंā·ca·ri·ya·pā·ca·ri·yā·naṃ नटानंna·ṭā·naṃ भासमानानं:bhā·sa·mā·nā·naṃ

    “sutaṁ metaṁ, bhante, pubbakānaṁ ācariyapācariyānaṁ naṭānaṁ bhāsamānānaṁ:

    (Pāli only)

  12. 12

    ‘योyo सोso नटोna·ṭo रङ्गमज्झेraṅ·ga·maj·jhe समज्जमज्झेsa·maj·ja·maj·jhe सच्चालिकेनsac·cā·li·ke·na जनंja·naṃ हासेतिhā·se·ti रमेति,ra·me·ti सोso कायस्सkā·yas·sa भेदाbhe·dā परंpa·raṃ मरणाma·ra·ṇā पहासानंpa·hā·sā·naṃ देवानंde·vā·naṃ सहब्यतंsa·hab·ya·taṃ उपपज्जती’ति।u·pa·paj·ja·tī

    ‘yo so naṭo raṅgamajjhe samajjamajjhe saccālikena janaṁ hāseti rameti, so kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā pahāsānaṁ devānaṁ sahabyataṁ upapajjatī’ti.

    (Pāli only)

  13. 13

    इधi·dha भगवाbha·ga·vā किमाहा”ति?ki·mā·hā

    Idha bhagavā kimāhā”ti?

    (Pāli only)

  14. 14

    “अलं,a·laṃ गामणि,gā·ma·ṇi तिट्ठतेतं।tiṭ·ṭha·te·taṃ माmā मंmaṃ एतंe·taṃ पुच्छी”ति।puc·chī

    “Alaṁ, gāmaṇi, tiṭṭhatetaṁ. Mā maṁ etaṁ pucchī”ti.

    (Pāli only)

  15. 15

    ततियम्पिta·ti·yam·pi खोkho तालपुटोtā·la·pu·ṭo नटगामणिna·ṭa·gā·ma·ṇi भगवन्तंbha·ga·van·taṃ एतदवोच:e·ta·da·vo·ca

    Tatiyampi kho tālapuṭo naṭagāmaṇi bhagavantaṁ etadavoca:

    And for a third time Tālapuṭa said to the Buddha:

  16. 16

    “सुतंsu·taṃ मेतं,me·taṃ भन्ते,bhan·te पुब्बकानंpub·ba·kā·naṃ आचरियपाचरियानंā·ca·ri·ya·pā·ca·ri·yā·naṃ नटानंna·ṭā·naṃ भासमानानं:bhā·sa·mā·nā·naṃ

    “sutaṁ metaṁ, bhante, pubbakānaṁ ācariyapācariyānaṁ naṭānaṁ bhāsamānānaṁ:

    “Sir, I have heard that the dancers of the past who were tutors of tutors said:

  17. 17

    ‘योyo सोso नटोna·ṭo रङ्गमज्झेraṅ·ga·maj·jhe समज्जमज्झेsa·maj·ja·maj·jhe सच्चालिकेनsac·cā·li·ke·na जनंja·naṃ हासेतिhā·se·ti रमेति,ra·me·ti सोso कायस्सkā·yas·sa भेदाbhe·dā परंpa·raṃ मरणाma·ra·ṇā पहासानंpa·hā·sā·naṃ देवानंde·vā·naṃ सहब्यतंsa·hab·ya·taṃ उपपज्जती’ति।u·pa·paj·ja·tī

    ‘yo so naṭo raṅgamajjhe samajjamajjhe saccālikena janaṁ hāseti rameti, so kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā pahāsānaṁ devānaṁ sahabyataṁ upapajjatī’ti.

    ‘Suppose a dancer entertains and amuses people on a stage or at a festival with mixed truth and lies. When their body breaks up, after death, they’re reborn in the company of laughing gods.’

  18. 18

    इधi·dha भगवाbha·ga·vā किमाहा”ति?ki·mā·hā

    Idha bhagavā kimāhā”ti?

    What does the Buddha say about this?”

  19. 19

    “अद्धाad·dhā खोkho त्याहं,tyā·haṃ गामणि,gā·ma·ṇi नna लभामि:la·bhā·mi

    “Addhā kho tyāhaṁ, gāmaṇi, na labhāmi:

    “Clearly, chief, I’m not getting through to you when I say:

  20. 20

    ‘अलं,a·laṃ गामणि,gā·ma·ṇi तिट्ठतेतं,tiṭ·ṭha·te·taṃ

    ‘alaṁ, gāmaṇi, tiṭṭhatetaṁ,

    ‘Enough, chief, let it be.

  21. 21

    माmā मंmaṃ एतंe·taṃ पुच्छी’ति।puc·chī

    mā maṁ etaṁ pucchī’ti.

    Don’t ask me that.’

  22. 22

    अपिa·pi चca त्याहंtyā·haṃ ब्याकरिस्सामि।byā·ka·ris·sā·mi

    Api ca tyāhaṁ byākarissāmi.

    Nevertheless, I will answer you.

  23. 23

    पुब्बेpub·be खो,kho गामणि,gā·ma·ṇi सत्ताsat·tā अवीतरागाa·vī·ta·rā·gā रागबन्धनबद्धा।rā·ga·ban·dha·na·bad·dhā

    Pubbe kho, gāmaṇi, sattā avītarāgā rāgabandhanabaddhā.

    When sentient beings are still not free of greed, and are still bound by greed,

  24. 24

    तेसंte·saṃ नटोna·ṭo रङ्गमज्झेraṅ·ga·maj·jhe समज्जमज्झेsa·maj·ja·maj·jhe येye धम्माdham·mā रजनीयाra·ja·nī·yā तेte उपसंहरतिu·pa·saṃ·ha·ra·ti भिय्योसोbhiy·yo·so मत्ताय।mat·tā·ya

    Tesaṁ naṭo raṅgamajjhe samajjamajjhe ye dhammā rajanīyā te upasaṁharati bhiyyoso mattāya.

    a dancer in a stage or festival presents them with even more arousing things.

  25. 25

    पुब्बेpub·be खो,kho गामणि,gā·ma·ṇi सत्ताsat·tā अवीतदोसाa·vī·ta·do·sā दोसबन्धनबद्धा।do·sa·ban·dha·na·bad·dhā

    Pubbe kho, gāmaṇi, sattā avītadosā dosabandhanabaddhā.

    When sentient beings are still not free of hate, and are still bound by hate,

  26. 26

    तेसंte·saṃ नटोna·ṭo रङ्गमज्झेraṅ·ga·maj·jhe समज्जमज्झेsa·maj·ja·maj·jhe येye धम्माdham·mā दोसनीयाdo·sa·nī·yā तेte उपसंहरतिu·pa·saṃ·ha·ra·ti भिय्योसोbhiy·yo·so मत्ताय।mat·tā·ya

    Tesaṁ naṭo raṅgamajjhe samajjamajjhe ye dhammā dosanīyā te upasaṁharati bhiyyoso mattāya.

    a dancer in a stage or festival presents them with even more hateful things.

  27. 27

    पुब्बेpub·be खो,kho गामणि,gā·ma·ṇi सत्ताsat·tā अवीतमोहाa·vī·ta·mo·hā मोहबन्धनबद्धा।mo·ha·ban·dha·na·bad·dhā

    Pubbe kho, gāmaṇi, sattā avītamohā mohabandhanabaddhā.

    When sentient beings are still not free of delusion, and are still bound by delusion,

  28. 28

    तेसंte·saṃ नटोna·ṭo रङ्गमज्झेraṅ·ga·maj·jhe समज्जमज्झेsa·maj·ja·maj·jhe येye धम्माdham·mā मोहनीयाmo·ha·nī·yā तेte उपसंहरतिu·pa·saṃ·ha·ra·ti भिय्योसोbhiy·yo·so मत्ताय।mat·tā·ya

    Tesaṁ naṭo raṅgamajjhe samajjamajjhe ye dhammā mohanīyā te upasaṁharati bhiyyoso mattāya.

    a dancer in a stage or festival presents them with even more delusory things.

  29. 29

    सोso अत्तनाat·ta·nā मत्तोmat·to पमत्तोpa·mat·to परेpa·re मदेत्वाma·det·vā पमादेत्वाpa·mā·det·vā कायस्सkā·yas·sa भेदाbhe·dā परंpa·raṃ मरणाma·ra·ṇā पहासोpa·hā·so नामnā·ma निरयोni·ra·yo तत्थtat·tha उपपज्जति।u·pa·paj·ja·ti

    So attanā matto pamatto pare madetvā pamādetvā kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā pahāso nāma nirayo tattha upapajjati.

    And so, being heedless and negligent themselves, they’ve encouraged others to be heedless and negligent. When their body breaks up, after death, they’re reborn in the hell called ‘Laughter’.

  30. 30

    सचेsa·ce खोkho पनस्सpa·nas·sa एवंदिट्ठिe·vaṃ·diṭ·ṭhi होति:ho·ti

    Sace kho panassa evaṁdiṭṭhi hoti:

    But if you have such a view:

  31. 31

    ‘योyo सोso नटोna·ṭo रङ्गमज्झेraṅ·ga·maj·jhe समज्जमज्झेsa·maj·ja·maj·jhe सच्चालिकेनsac·cā·li·ke·na जनंja·naṃ हासेतिhā·se·ti रमेति,ra·me·ti सोso कायस्सkā·yas·sa भेदाbhe·dā परंpa·raṃ मरणाma·ra·ṇā पहासानंpa·hā·sā·naṃ देवानंde·vā·naṃ सहब्यतंsa·hab·ya·taṃ उपपज्जती’ति,u·pa·paj·ja·tī सास्सsās·sa होतिho·ti मिच्छादिट्ठि।mic·chā·diṭ·ṭhi

    ‘yo so naṭo raṅgamajjhe samajjamajjhe saccālikena janaṁ hāseti rameti, so kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā pahāsānaṁ devānaṁ sahabyataṁ upapajjatī’ti, sāssa hoti micchādiṭṭhi.

    ‘Suppose a dancer entertains and amuses people on a stage or at a festival with mixed truth and lies. When their body breaks up, after death, they’re reborn in the company of laughing gods.’ This is your wrong view.

  32. 32

    मिच्छादिट्ठिकस्सmic·chā·diṭ·ṭhi·kas·sa खोkho पनाहं,pa·nā·haṃ गामणि,gā·ma·ṇi पुरिसपुग्गलस्सpu·ri·sa·pug·ga·las·sa द्विन्नंdvin·naṃ गतीनंga·tī·naṃ अञ्ञतरंañ·ña·ta·raṃ गतिंga·tiṃ वदामि—va·dā·mi

    Micchādiṭṭhikassa kho panāhaṁ, gāmaṇi, purisapuggalassa dvinnaṁ gatīnaṁ aññataraṁ gatiṁ vadāmi—

    An individual with wrong view is reborn in one of two places, I say:

  33. 33

    निरयंni·ra·yaṃ वाvā तिरच्छानयोनिंti·rac·chā·na·yo·niṃ वा”ति।vā

    nirayaṁ vā tiracchānayoniṁ vā”ti.

    hell or the animal realm.”

  34. 34

    एवंe·vaṃ वुत्ते,vut·te तालपुटोtā·la·pu·ṭo नटगामणिna·ṭa·gā·ma·ṇi परोदिpa·ro·di अस्सूनिas·sū·ni पवत्तेसि।pa·vat·te·si

    Evaṁ vutte, tālapuṭo naṭagāmaṇi parodi assūni pavattesi.

    When he said this, Tālapuṭa cried and burst out in tears.

  35. 35

    “एतंe·taṃ खोkho त्याहं,tyā·haṃ गामणि,gā·ma·ṇi नालत्थं:nā·lat·thaṃ

    “Etaṁ kho tyāhaṁ, gāmaṇi, nālatthaṁ:

    “This is what I didn’t get through to you when I said:

  36. 36

    ‘अलं,a·laṃ गामणि,gā·ma·ṇi तिट्ठतेतं;tiṭ·ṭha·te·taṃ माmā मंmaṃ एतंe·taṃ पुच्छी’”ति।puc·chī

    ‘alaṁ, gāmaṇi, tiṭṭhatetaṁ; mā maṁ etaṁ pucchī’”ti.

    ‘Enough, chief, let it be. Don’t ask me that.’”

  37. 37

    “नाहं,nā·haṃ भन्ते,bhan·te एतंe·taṃ रोदामिro·dā·mi यंyaṃ मंmaṃ भगवाbha·ga·vā एवमाह;e·va·mā·ha

    “Nāhaṁ, bhante, etaṁ rodāmi yaṁ maṁ bhagavā evamāha;

    “Sir, I’m not crying because of what the Buddha said.

  38. 38

    अपिa·pi चाहं,cā·haṃ भन्ते,bhan·te पुब्बकेहिpub·ba·ke·hi आचरियपाचरियेहिā·ca·ri·ya·pā·ca·ri·ye·hi नटेहिna·ṭe·hi दीघरत्तंdī·gha·rat·taṃ निकतोni·ka·to वञ्चितोvañ·ci·to पलुद्धो:pa·lud·dho

    api cāhaṁ, bhante, pubbakehi ācariyapācariyehi naṭehi dīgharattaṁ nikato vañcito paluddho:

    But sir, for a long time I’ve been cheated, tricked, and deceived by the dancers of the past who were tutors of tutors, who said:

  39. 39

    ‘योyo सोso नटोna·ṭo रङ्गमज्झेraṅ·ga·maj·jhe समज्जमज्झेsa·maj·ja·maj·jhe सच्चालिकेनsac·cā·li·ke·na जनंja·naṃ हासेतिhā·se·ti रमेतिra·me·ti सोso कायस्सkā·yas·sa भेदाbhe·dā परंpa·raṃ मरणाma·ra·ṇā पहासानंpa·hā·sā·naṃ देवानंde·vā·naṃ सहब्यतंsa·hab·ya·taṃ उपपज्जती’”ति।u·pa·paj·ja·tī

    ‘yo so naṭo raṅgamajjhe samajjamajjhe saccālikena janaṁ hāseti rameti so kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā pahāsānaṁ devānaṁ sahabyataṁ upapajjatī’”ti.

    ‘Suppose a dancer entertains and amuses people on a stage or at a festival with mixed truth and lies. When their body breaks up, after death, they’re reborn in the company of laughing gods.’

  40. 40

    “अभिक्कन्तं,a·bhik·kan·taṃ भन्ते,bhan·te अभिक्कन्तं,a·bhik·kan·taṃ भन्ते।bhan·te

    “Abhikkantaṁ, bhante, abhikkantaṁ, bhante.

    Excellent, sir! Excellent!

  41. 41

    सेय्यथापि,sey·ya·thā·pi भन्ते,bhan·te निक्कुज्जितंnik·kuj·ji·taṃ वाvā उक्कुज्जेय्य,uk·kuj·jey·ya पटिच्छन्नंpa·ṭic·chan·naṃ वाvā विवरेय्य,vi·va·rey·ya मूळ्हस्सmū·ḷhas·sa वाvā मग्गंmag·gaṃ आचिक्खेय्य,ā·cik·khey·ya अन्धकारेan·dha·kā·re वाvā तेलपज्जोतंte·la·paj·jo·taṃ धारेय्य:dhā·rey·ya ‘चक्खुमन्तोcak·khu·man·to रूपानिrū·pā·ni दक्खन्ती’ति;dak·khan·tī एवमेवंe·va·me·vaṃ भगवताbha·ga·va·tā अनेकपरियायेनa·ne·ka·pa·ri·yā·ye·na धम्मोdham·mo पकासितो।pa·kā·si·to

    Seyyathāpi, bhante, nikkujjitaṁ vā ukkujjeyya, paṭicchannaṁ vā vivareyya, mūḷhassa vā maggaṁ ācikkheyya, andhakāre vā telapajjotaṁ dhāreyya: ‘cakkhumanto rūpāni dakkhantī’ti; evamevaṁ bhagavatā anekapariyāyena dhammo pakāsito.

    As if he were righting the overturned, or revealing the hidden, or pointing out the path to the lost, or lighting a lamp in the dark so people with clear eyes can see what’s there, the Buddha has made the teaching clear in many ways.

  42. 42

    एसाहं,e·sā·haṃ भन्ते,bhan·te भगवन्तंbha·ga·van·taṃ सरणंsa·ra·ṇaṃ गच्छामिgac·chā·mi धम्मञ्चdham·mañ·ca भिक्खुसङ्घञ्च।bhik·khu·saṅ·ghañ·ca

    Esāhaṁ, bhante, bhagavantaṁ saraṇaṁ gacchāmi dhammañca bhikkhusaṅghañca.

    I go for refuge to the Buddha, to the teaching, and to the mendicant Saṅgha.

  43. 43

    लभेय्याहं,la·bhey·yā·haṃ भन्ते,bhan·te भगवतोbha·ga·va·to सन्तिकेsan·ti·ke पब्बज्जं,pab·baj·jaṃ लभेय्यंla·bhey·yaṃ उपसम्पदन्”ति।u·pa·sam·pa·dan

    Labheyyāhaṁ, bhante, bhagavato santike pabbajjaṁ, labheyyaṁ upasampadan”ti.

    Sir, may I receive the going forth, the ordination in the Buddha’s presence?”

  44. 44

    अलत्थa·lat·tha खोkho तालपुटोtā·la·pu·ṭo नटगामणिna·ṭa·gā·ma·ṇi भगवतोbha·ga·va·to सन्तिकेsan·ti·ke पब्बज्जं,pab·baj·jaṃ अलत्थa·lat·tha उपसम्पदं।u·pa·sam·pa·daṃ

    Alattha kho tālapuṭo naṭagāmaṇi bhagavato santike pabbajjaṁ, alattha upasampadaṁ.

    And Tālapuṭa the dancing chief received the going forth, the ordination in the Buddha’s presence.

  45. 45

    अचिरूपसम्पन्नोa·ci·rū·pa·sam·pan·no चca पनायस्माpa·nā·yas·mā तालपुटोtā·la·pu·ṭo …पे…pe

    Acirūpasampanno ca panāyasmā tālapuṭo …pe…

    Not long after his ordination, Venerable Tālapuṭa

  46. 46

    अरहतंa·ra·ha·taṃ अहोसीति।a·ho·sī·ti

    arahataṁ ahosīti.

    became one of the perfected.

  47. 47

    दुतियं।du·ti·yaṃ

    Dutiyaṁ.

    (Pāli only)

Sources. Sanskrit: Satyavedaḥ, the New Testament in Sanskrit (Calcutta Baptist Missionaries, 1851; J. Wenger’s revision of W. Carey’s version). Digital text © 2018 SanskritBible.in, via eBible.org, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0; changed here: arranged by verse and every word linked to the dictionary (links made automatically). Old Testament Sanskrit: the Old Testament in Sanskrit, Calcutta Baptist Mission Press, 1848–1852 (public domain), read by OCR from the Internet Archive scans of the Boston University School of Theology copy; unproofread, with machine clean-up only. Pāli Canon: Mahāsaṅgīti Tipiṭaka Buddhavasse 2500 (based on the Vipassana Research Institute’s Chaṭṭha Saṅgāyana edition), from SuttaCentral bilara-data, CC0; Devanagari and pronunciation made automatically from the Roman text. Pāli English: Bhikkhu Sujato (suttas) and Bhikkhu Brahmali (Vinaya), SuttaCentral, CC0. Pāli word meanings: the Pali Text Society’s Pali-English Dictionary (Rhys Davids & Stede), corrected reprint © The Pali Text Society, CC BY-NC 3.0, digital text from BuddhaDust; word matching automatic. English: King James Version (1769), public domain; words the translators added are in italics. Word meanings and pronunciations: Monier-Williams, Sanskrit–English Dictionary (1872), via this site’s Sanskrit dictionary (CC BY-SA 4.0); English↔Sanskrit word matches made automatically and may need checking.