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Linked Discourses 52 1 संयुत्त निकाय 52।1 1
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Paṭhamarahogatasutta
Pāli in Devanagari; under each word its Roman pronunciation, syllable by syllable (ṃ = nasal hum). Tap a Pāli word for its meaning (PTS Pāli-English Dictionary); tap again to open it in the Pāli dictionary.
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Linked Discourses 52.1
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पठमरहोगतसुत्तpa·ṭha·ma·ra·ho·ga·ta·sut·ta
Paṭhamarahogatasutta
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एकंe·kaṃ समयंsa·ma·yaṃ आयस्माā·yas·mā अनुरुद्धोa·nu·rud·dho सावत्थियंsā·vat·thi·yaṃ विहरतिvi·ha·ra·ti जेतवनेje·ta·va·ne अनाथपिण्डिकस्सa·nā·tha·piṇ·ḍi·kas·sa आरामे।ā·rā·me
ekaṁ samayaṁ āyasmā anuruddho sāvatthiyaṁ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme.
At one time Venerable Anuruddha was staying near Sāvatthī in Jeta’s Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s monastery.
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अथa·tha खोkho आयस्मतोā·yas·ma·to अनुरुद्धस्सa·nu·rud·dhas·sa रहोगतस्सra·ho·ga·tas·sa पटिसल्लीनस्सpa·ṭi·sal·lī·nas·sa एवंe·vaṃ चेतसोce·ta·so परिवितक्कोpa·ri·vi·tak·ko उदपादि:u·da·pā·di
Atha kho āyasmato anuruddhassa rahogatassa paṭisallīnassa evaṁ cetaso parivitakko udapādi:
Then as Anuruddha was in private retreat this thought came to his mind:
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“येसंye·saṃ केसञ्चिke·sañ·ci चत्तारोcat·tā·ro सतिपट्ठानाsa·ti·paṭ·ṭhā·nā विरद्धा,vi·rad·dhā विरद्धोvi·rad·dho तेसंte·saṃ अरियोa·ri·yo मग्गोmag·go सम्माsam·mā दुक्खक्खयगामी।duk·khak·kha·ya·gā·mī
“yesaṁ kesañci cattāro satipaṭṭhānā viraddhā, viraddho tesaṁ ariyo maggo sammā dukkhakkhayagāmī.
“Whoever has missed out on these four kinds of mindfulness meditation has missed out on the noble path to the complete ending of suffering.
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येसंye·saṃ केसञ्चिke·sañ·ci चत्तारोcat·tā·ro सतिपट्ठानाsa·ti·paṭ·ṭhā·nā आरद्धा,ā·rad·dhā आरद्धोā·rad·dho तेसंte·saṃ अरियोa·ri·yo मग्गोmag·go सम्माsam·mā दुक्खक्खयगामी”ति।duk·khak·kha·ya·gā·mī
Yesaṁ kesañci cattāro satipaṭṭhānā āraddhā, āraddho tesaṁ ariyo maggo sammā dukkhakkhayagāmī”ti.
Whoever has undertaken these four kinds of mindfulness meditation has undertaken the noble path to the complete ending of suffering.”
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अथa·tha खोkho आयस्माā·yas·mā महामोग्गल्लानोma·hā·mog·gal·lā·no आयस्मतोā·yas·ma·to अनुरुद्धस्सa·nu·rud·dhas·sa चेतसाce·ta·sā चेतोपरिवितक्कमञ्ञाय—सेय्यथापिce·to·pa·ri·vi·tak·ka·mañ·ñā·ya नामnā·ma बलवाba·la·vā पुरिसोpu·ri·so समिञ्जितंsa·miñ·ji·taṃ वाvā बाहंbā·haṃ पसारेय्य,pa·sā·rey·ya पसारितंpa·sā·ri·taṃ वाvā बाहंbā·haṃ समिञ्जेय्य;sa·miñ·jey·ya एवमेव—आयस्मतोe·va·me·va अनुरुद्धस्सa·nu·rud·dhas·sa सम्मुखेsam·mu·khe पातुरहोसि।pā·tu·ra·ho·si
Atha kho āyasmā mahāmoggallāno āyasmato anuruddhassa cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya—seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso samiñjitaṁ vā bāhaṁ pasāreyya, pasāritaṁ vā bāhaṁ samiñjeyya; evameva—āyasmato anuruddhassa sammukhe pāturahosi.
Then Venerable Mahāmoggallāna knew what Venerable Anuruddha was thinking. As easily as a strong person would extend or contract their arm, he reappeared in front of Anuruddha,
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“कित्तावताkit·tā·va·tā नुnu खो,kho आवुसोā·vu·so अनुरुद्ध,a·nu·rud·dha भिक्खुनोbhik·khu·no चत्तारोcat·tā·ro सतिपट्ठानाsa·ti·paṭ·ṭhā·nā आरद्धाā·rad·dhā होन्ती”ति?hon·tī
“kittāvatā nu kho, āvuso anuruddha, bhikkhuno cattāro satipaṭṭhānā āraddhā hontī”ti?
“Reverend Anuruddha, how do you define the undertaking of the four kinds of mindfulness meditation by a mendicant?”
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“इधावुसो,i·dhā·vu·so भिक्खुbhik·khu अज्झत्तंaj·jhat·taṃ कायेkā·ye समुदयधम्मानुपस्सीsa·mu·da·ya·dham·mā·nu·pas·sī विहरति,vi·ha·ra·ti अज्झत्तंaj·jhat·taṃ कायेkā·ye वयधम्मानुपस्सीva·ya·dham·mā·nu·pas·sī विहरति,vi·ha·ra·ti अज्झत्तंaj·jhat·taṃ कायेkā·ye समुदयवयधम्मानुपस्सीsa·mu·da·ya·va·ya·dham·mā·nu·pas·sī विहरतिvi·ha·ra·ti आतापीā·tā·pī सम्पजानोsam·pa·jā·no सतिमा,sa·ti·mā विनेय्यvi·ney·ya लोकेlo·ke अभिज्झादोमनस्सं।a·bhij·jhā·do·ma·nas·saṃ
“Idhāvuso, bhikkhu ajjhattaṁ kāye samudayadhammānupassī viharati, ajjhattaṁ kāye vayadhammānupassī viharati, ajjhattaṁ kāye samudayavayadhammānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṁ.
“Reverend, it’s when a mendicant, with respect to the body internally, meditates observing the liability to originate, to vanish, and to originate and vanish—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world.
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बहिद्धाba·hid·dhā कायेkā·ye समुदयधम्मानुपस्सीsa·mu·da·ya·dham·mā·nu·pas·sī विहरति,vi·ha·ra·ti बहिद्धाba·hid·dhā कायेkā·ye वयधम्मानुपस्सीva·ya·dham·mā·nu·pas·sī विहरति,vi·ha·ra·ti बहिद्धाba·hid·dhā कायेkā·ye समुदयवयधम्मानुपस्सीsa·mu·da·ya·va·ya·dham·mā·nu·pas·sī विहरतिvi·ha·ra·ti आतापीā·tā·pī सम्पजानोsam·pa·jā·no सतिमा,sa·ti·mā विनेय्यvi·ney·ya लोकेlo·ke अभिज्झादोमनस्सं।a·bhij·jhā·do·ma·nas·saṃ
Bahiddhā kāye samudayadhammānupassī viharati, bahiddhā kāye vayadhammānupassī viharati, bahiddhā kāye samudayavayadhammānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṁ.
With respect to the body externally, they meditate observing the liability to originate, to vanish, and to originate and vanish—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world.
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अज्झत्तबहिद्धाaj·jhat·ta·ba·hid·dhā कायेkā·ye समुदयधम्मानुपस्सीsa·mu·da·ya·dham·mā·nu·pas·sī विहरति,vi·ha·ra·ti अज्झत्तबहिद्धाaj·jhat·ta·ba·hid·dhā कायेkā·ye वयधम्मानुपस्सीva·ya·dham·mā·nu·pas·sī विहरति,vi·ha·ra·ti अज्झत्तबहिद्धाaj·jhat·ta·ba·hid·dhā कायेkā·ye समुदयवयधम्मानुपस्सीsa·mu·da·ya·va·ya·dham·mā·nu·pas·sī विहरतिvi·ha·ra·ti आतापीā·tā·pī सम्पजानोsam·pa·jā·no सतिमा,sa·ti·mā विनेय्यvi·ney·ya लोकेlo·ke अभिज्झादोमनस्सं।a·bhij·jhā·do·ma·nas·saṃ
Ajjhattabahiddhā kāye samudayadhammānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā kāye vayadhammānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā kāye samudayavayadhammānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṁ.
With respect to the body internally and externally, they meditate observing the liability to originate, to vanish, and to originate and vanish—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world.
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सोso सचेsa·ce आकङ्खति:ā·kaṅ·kha·ti ‘अप्पटिकूलेap·pa·ṭi·kū·le पटिकूलसञ्ञीpa·ṭi·kū·la·sañ·ñī विहरेय्यन्’ति,vi·ha·rey·yan पटिकूलसञ्ञीpa·ṭi·kū·la·sañ·ñī तत्थtat·tha विहरति;vi·ha·ra·ti
So sace ākaṅkhati: ‘appaṭikūle paṭikūlasaññī vihareyyan’ti, paṭikūlasaññī tattha viharati;
If they wish: ‘May I meditate perceiving the repulsive in the unrepulsive,’ that’s what they do.
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सचेsa·ce आकङ्खति:ā·kaṅ·kha·ti ‘पटिकूलेpa·ṭi·kū·le अप्पटिकूलसञ्ञीap·pa·ṭi·kū·la·sañ·ñī विहरेय्यन्’ति,vi·ha·rey·yan अप्पटिकूलसञ्ञीap·pa·ṭi·kū·la·sañ·ñī तत्थtat·tha विहरति;vi·ha·ra·ti
sace ākaṅkhati: ‘paṭikūle appaṭikūlasaññī vihareyyan’ti, appaṭikūlasaññī tattha viharati;
If they wish: ‘May I meditate perceiving the unrepulsive in the repulsive,’ that’s what they do.
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सचेsa·ce आकङ्खति:ā·kaṅ·kha·ti ‘अप्पटिकूलेap·pa·ṭi·kū·le चca पटिकूलेpa·ṭi·kū·le चca पटिकूलसञ्ञीpa·ṭi·kū·la·sañ·ñī विहरेय्यन्’ति,vi·ha·rey·yan पटिकूलसञ्ञीpa·ṭi·kū·la·sañ·ñī तत्थtat·tha विहरति;vi·ha·ra·ti
sace ākaṅkhati: ‘appaṭikūle ca paṭikūle ca paṭikūlasaññī vihareyyan’ti, paṭikūlasaññī tattha viharati;
If they wish: ‘May I meditate perceiving the repulsive in the unrepulsive and the repulsive,’ that’s what they do.
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सचेsa·ce आकङ्खति:ā·kaṅ·kha·ti ‘पटिकूलेpa·ṭi·kū·le चca अप्पटिकूलेap·pa·ṭi·kū·le चca अप्पटिकूलसञ्ञीap·pa·ṭi·kū·la·sañ·ñī विहरेय्यन्’ति,vi·ha·rey·yan अप्पटिकूलसञ्ञीap·pa·ṭi·kū·la·sañ·ñī तत्थtat·tha विहरति;vi·ha·ra·ti
sace ākaṅkhati: ‘paṭikūle ca appaṭikūle ca appaṭikūlasaññī vihareyyan’ti, appaṭikūlasaññī tattha viharati;
If they wish: ‘May I meditate perceiving the unrepulsive in the repulsive and the unrepulsive,’ that’s what they do.
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सचेsa·ce आकङ्खति:ā·kaṅ·kha·ti ‘अप्पटिकूलञ्चap·pa·ṭi·kū·lañ·ca पटिकूलञ्चpa·ṭi·kū·lañ·ca तदुभयंta·du·bha·yaṃ अभिनिवज्जेत्वाa·bhi·ni·vaj·jet·vā उपेक्खकोu·pek·kha·ko विहरेय्यंvi·ha·rey·yaṃ सतोsa·to सम्पजानो’ति,sam·pa·jā·no उपेक्खकोu·pek·kha·ko तत्थtat·tha विहरतिvi·ha·ra·ti सतोsa·to सम्पजानो।sam·pa·jā·no
sace ākaṅkhati: ‘appaṭikūlañca paṭikūlañca tadubhayaṁ abhinivajjetvā upekkhako vihareyyaṁ sato sampajāno’ti, upekkhako tattha viharati sato sampajāno.
If they wish: ‘May I meditate staying equanimous, mindful and aware, shunning both the repulsive and the unrepulsive,’ that’s what they do.
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अज्झत्तंaj·jhat·taṃ वेदनासुve·da·nā·su समुदयधम्मानुपस्सीsa·mu·da·ya·dham·mā·nu·pas·sī विहरति,vi·ha·ra·ti अज्झत्तंaj·jhat·taṃ वेदनासुve·da·nā·su वयधम्मानुपस्सीva·ya·dham·mā·nu·pas·sī विहरति,vi·ha·ra·ti अज्झत्तंaj·jhat·taṃ वेदनासुve·da·nā·su समुदयवयधम्मानुपस्सीsa·mu·da·ya·va·ya·dham·mā·nu·pas·sī विहरतिvi·ha·ra·ti आतापीā·tā·pī सम्पजानोsam·pa·jā·no सतिमा,sa·ti·mā विनेय्यvi·ney·ya लोकेlo·ke अभिज्झादोमनस्सं।a·bhij·jhā·do·ma·nas·saṃ
Ajjhattaṁ vedanāsu samudayadhammānupassī viharati, ajjhattaṁ vedanāsu vayadhammānupassī viharati, ajjhattaṁ vedanāsu samudayavayadhammānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṁ.
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बहिद्धाba·hid·dhā वेदनासुve·da·nā·su समुदयधम्मानुपस्सीsa·mu·da·ya·dham·mā·nu·pas·sī विहरति,vi·ha·ra·ti बहिद्धाba·hid·dhā वेदनासुve·da·nā·su वयधम्मानुपस्सीva·ya·dham·mā·nu·pas·sī विहरति,vi·ha·ra·ti बहिद्धाba·hid·dhā वेदनासुve·da·nā·su समुदयवयधम्मानुपस्सीsa·mu·da·ya·va·ya·dham·mā·nu·pas·sī विहरतिvi·ha·ra·ti आतापीā·tā·pī सम्पजानोsam·pa·jā·no सतिमा,sa·ti·mā विनेय्यvi·ney·ya लोकेlo·ke अभिज्झादोमनस्सं।a·bhij·jhā·do·ma·nas·saṃ
Bahiddhā vedanāsu samudayadhammānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vedanāsu vayadhammānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vedanāsu samudayavayadhammānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṁ.
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अज्झत्तबहिद्धाaj·jhat·ta·ba·hid·dhā वेदनासुve·da·nā·su समुदयधम्मानुपस्सीsa·mu·da·ya·dham·mā·nu·pas·sī विहरति,vi·ha·ra·ti अज्झत्तबहिद्धाaj·jhat·ta·ba·hid·dhā वेदनासुve·da·nā·su वयधम्मानुपस्सीva·ya·dham·mā·nu·pas·sī विहरति,vi·ha·ra·ti अज्झत्तबहिद्धाaj·jhat·ta·ba·hid·dhā वेदनासुve·da·nā·su समुदयवयधम्मानुपस्सीsa·mu·da·ya·va·ya·dham·mā·nu·pas·sī विहरतिvi·ha·ra·ti आतापीā·tā·pī सम्पजानोsam·pa·jā·no सतिमा,sa·ti·mā विनेय्यvi·ney·ya लोकेlo·ke अभिज्झादोमनस्सं।a·bhij·jhā·do·ma·nas·saṃ
Ajjhattabahiddhā vedanāsu samudayadhammānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā vedanāsu vayadhammānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā vedanāsu samudayavayadhammānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṁ.
internally and externally, they meditate observing the liability to originate, to vanish, and to originate and vanish …
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सोso सचेsa·ce आकङ्खति:ā·kaṅ·kha·ti ‘अप्पटिकूलेap·pa·ṭi·kū·le पटिकूलसञ्ञीpa·ṭi·kū·la·sañ·ñī विहरेय्यन्’ति,vi·ha·rey·yan पटिकूलसञ्ञीpa·ṭi·kū·la·sañ·ñī तत्थtat·tha विहरति;vi·ha·ra·ti
So sace ākaṅkhati: ‘appaṭikūle paṭikūlasaññī vihareyyan’ti, paṭikūlasaññī tattha viharati;
(Pāli only)
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सचेsa·ce आकङ्खति:ā·kaṅ·kha·ti ‘पटिकूलेpa·ṭi·kū·le अप्पटिकूलसञ्ञीap·pa·ṭi·kū·la·sañ·ñī विहरेय्यन्’ति,vi·ha·rey·yan अप्पटिकूलसञ्ञीap·pa·ṭi·kū·la·sañ·ñī तत्थtat·tha विहरति;vi·ha·ra·ti
sace ākaṅkhati: ‘paṭikūle appaṭikūlasaññī vihareyyan’ti, appaṭikūlasaññī tattha viharati;
(Pāli only)
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सचेsa·ce आकङ्खति:ā·kaṅ·kha·ti ‘अप्पटिकूलेap·pa·ṭi·kū·le चca पटिकूलेpa·ṭi·kū·le चca पटिकूलसञ्ञीpa·ṭi·kū·la·sañ·ñī विहरेय्यन्’ति,vi·ha·rey·yan पटिकूलसञ्ञीpa·ṭi·kū·la·sañ·ñī तत्थtat·tha विहरति;vi·ha·ra·ti
sace ākaṅkhati: ‘appaṭikūle ca paṭikūle ca paṭikūlasaññī vihareyyan’ti, paṭikūlasaññī tattha viharati;
(Pāli only)
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सचेsa·ce आकङ्खति:ā·kaṅ·kha·ti ‘पटिकूलेpa·ṭi·kū·le चca अप्पटिकूलेap·pa·ṭi·kū·le चca अप्पटिकूलसञ्ञीap·pa·ṭi·kū·la·sañ·ñī विहरेय्यन्’ति,vi·ha·rey·yan अप्पटिकूलसञ्ञीap·pa·ṭi·kū·la·sañ·ñī तत्थtat·tha विहरति;vi·ha·ra·ti
sace ākaṅkhati: ‘paṭikūle ca appaṭikūle ca appaṭikūlasaññī vihareyyan’ti, appaṭikūlasaññī tattha viharati;
(Pāli only)
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सचेsa·ce आकङ्खति:ā·kaṅ·kha·ti ‘अप्पटिकूलञ्चap·pa·ṭi·kū·lañ·ca पटिकूलञ्चpa·ṭi·kū·lañ·ca तदुभयंta·du·bha·yaṃ अभिनिवज्जेत्वाa·bhi·ni·vaj·jet·vā उपेक्खकोu·pek·kha·ko विहरेय्यंvi·ha·rey·yaṃ सतोsa·to सम्पजानो’ति,sam·pa·jā·no उपेक्खकोu·pek·kha·ko तत्थtat·tha विहरतिvi·ha·ra·ti सतोsa·to सम्पजानो।sam·pa·jā·no
sace ākaṅkhati: ‘appaṭikūlañca paṭikūlañca tadubhayaṁ abhinivajjetvā upekkhako vihareyyaṁ sato sampajāno’ti, upekkhako tattha viharati sato sampajāno.
(Pāli only)
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अज्झत्तबहिद्धाaj·jhat·ta·ba·hid·dhā चित्तेcit·te समुदयधम्मानुपस्सीsa·mu·da·ya·dham·mā·nu·pas·sī विहरतिvi·ha·ra·ti … अज्झत्तबहिद्धाaj·jhat·ta·ba·hid·dhā चित्तेcit·te वयधम्मानुपस्सीva·ya·dham·mā·nu·pas·sī विहरतिvi·ha·ra·ti … अज्झत्तबहिद्धाaj·jhat·ta·ba·hid·dhā चित्तेcit·te समुदयवयधम्मानुपस्सीsa·mu·da·ya·va·ya·dham·mā·nu·pas·sī विहरतिvi·ha·ra·ti आतापीā·tā·pī …पे…pe अभिज्झादोमनस्सं।a·bhij·jhā·do·ma·nas·saṃ
ajjhattabahiddhā citte samudayadhammānupassī viharati … ajjhattabahiddhā citte vayadhammānupassī viharati … ajjhattabahiddhā citte samudayavayadhammānupassī viharati ātāpī …pe… abhijjhādomanassaṁ.
internally and externally, they meditate observing the liability to originate, to vanish, and to originate and vanish …
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सोso सचेsa·ce आकङ्खति:ā·kaṅ·kha·ti ‘अप्पटिकूलेap·pa·ṭi·kū·le पटिकूलसञ्ञीpa·ṭi·kū·la·sañ·ñī विहरेय्यन्’ति,vi·ha·rey·yan पटिकूलसञ्ञीpa·ṭi·kū·la·sañ·ñī तत्थtat·tha विहरतिvi·ha·ra·ti …पे…pe
So sace ākaṅkhati: ‘appaṭikūle paṭikūlasaññī vihareyyan’ti, paṭikūlasaññī tattha viharati …pe…
(Pāli only)
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अज्झत्तबहिद्धाaj·jhat·ta·ba·hid·dhā धम्मेसुdham·me·su समुदयधम्मानुपस्सीsa·mu·da·ya·dham·mā·nu·pas·sī विहरतिvi·ha·ra·ti … अज्झत्तबहिद्धाaj·jhat·ta·ba·hid·dhā धम्मेसुdham·me·su वयधम्मानुपस्सीva·ya·dham·mā·nu·pas·sī विहरतिvi·ha·ra·ti … अज्झत्तबहिद्धाaj·jhat·ta·ba·hid·dhā धम्मेसुdham·me·su समुदयवयधम्मानुपस्सीsa·mu·da·ya·va·ya·dham·mā·nu·pas·sī विहरतिvi·ha·ra·ti आतापीā·tā·pī सम्पजानोsam·pa·jā·no सतिमा,sa·ti·mā विनेय्यvi·ney·ya लोकेlo·ke अभिज्झादोमनस्सं।a·bhij·jhā·do·ma·nas·saṃ
ajjhattabahiddhā dhammesu samudayadhammānupassī viharati … ajjhattabahiddhā dhammesu vayadhammānupassī viharati … ajjhattabahiddhā dhammesu samudayavayadhammānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṁ.
internally and externally, they meditate observing the liability to originate, to vanish, and to originate and vanish …
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सोso सचेsa·ce आकङ्खति:ā·kaṅ·kha·ti ‘अप्पटिकूलेap·pa·ṭi·kū·le पटिकूलसञ्ञीpa·ṭi·kū·la·sañ·ñī विहरेय्यन्’ति,vi·ha·rey·yan पटिकूलसञ्ञीpa·ṭi·kū·la·sañ·ñī तत्थtat·tha विहरतिvi·ha·ra·ti …पे…pe
So sace ākaṅkhati: ‘appaṭikūle paṭikūlasaññī vihareyyan’ti, paṭikūlasaññī tattha viharati …pe…
If they wish: ‘May I meditate perceiving the repulsive in the unrepulsive,’ that’s what they do. …
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एत्तावताet·tā·va·tā खो,kho आवुसो,ā·vu·so भिक्खुनोbhik·khu·no चत्तारोcat·tā·ro सतिपट्ठानाsa·ti·paṭ·ṭhā·nā आरद्धाā·rad·dhā होन्ती”ति।hon·tī
Ettāvatā kho, āvuso, bhikkhuno cattāro satipaṭṭhānā āraddhā hontī”ti.
That’s how to define the undertaking of the four kinds of mindfulness meditation by a mendicant.”
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पठमं।pa·ṭha·maṃ
Paṭhamaṁ.
(Pāli only)
Sources. Sanskrit: Satyavedaḥ, the New Testament in Sanskrit (Calcutta Baptist Missionaries, 1851; J. Wenger’s revision of W. Carey’s version). Digital text © 2018 SanskritBible.in, via eBible.org, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0; changed here: arranged by verse and every word linked to the dictionary (links made automatically). Old Testament Sanskrit: the Old Testament in Sanskrit, Calcutta Baptist Mission Press, 1848–1852 (public domain), read by OCR from the Internet Archive scans of the Boston University School of Theology copy; unproofread, with machine clean-up only. Pāli Canon: Mahāsaṅgīti Tipiṭaka Buddhavasse 2500 (based on the Vipassana Research Institute’s Chaṭṭha Saṅgāyana edition), from SuttaCentral bilara-data, CC0; Devanagari and pronunciation made automatically from the Roman text. Pāli English: Bhikkhu Sujato (suttas) and Bhikkhu Brahmali (Vinaya), SuttaCentral, CC0. Pāli word meanings: the Pali Text Society’s Pali-English Dictionary (Rhys Davids & Stede), corrected reprint © The Pali Text Society, CC BY-NC 3.0, digital text from BuddhaDust; word matching automatic. English: King James Version (1769), public domain; words the translators added are in italics. Word meanings and pronunciations: Monier-Williams, Sanskrit–English Dictionary (1872), via this site’s Sanskrit dictionary (CC BY-SA 4.0); English↔Sanskrit word matches made automatically and may need checking.