Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

file

/faɪl/ noun, verb, proper noun

Forms files filing filed

  1. noun A collection of papers collated and archived together.
  2. noun A roll or list.
  3. noun A course of thought; a thread of narration.
  4. noun (computing) An aggregation of data on a storage device, identified by a name. “He had created a file for coding to design a new product.”
  5. noun A row of modular kitchen units and a countertop, consisting of cabinets and appliances below (dishwasher) and next to (stove/cooker) a countertop. “Many homes now have double-file kitchens.”
  6. verb (transitive) To commit (official papers) to some office. “She filed their accounts yesterday.”
  7. verb (transitive, intransitive with for, chiefly law) To submit a formal request to some office. “She filed for divorce the next day.”
  8. verb (transitive) (of a journalist) To submit (an article) to a newspaper or similar publication. “I filed my copy soon after the interview.”
  9. verb (transitive) To place in an archive in a logical place and order. “Troves of documents filed away in the depository.”
  10. verb (transitive) To store a file (aggregation of data) on a storage medium such as a disc or another computer.
  11. verb (transitive, obsolete) To set in order; to arrange, or lay away.
  12. noun A column of people one behind another, whether "single file" or in a grid pattern. “The troops marched in Indian file.”
  13. noun (military) A small detachment of soldiers.
  14. noun (chess) One of the eight vertical lines of squares on a chessboard (i.e., those identified by a letter).
  15. verb (intransitive) To move in a file. “The applicants kept filing into the room until it was full.”
  16. noun A tool consisting of a strip or rod of hardened and coarse metal, used for removing sharp edges, shaping, and cutting, especially through metal; usually a hand tool.
  17. noun (slang, archaic) A cunning or resourceful person.
  18. noun (slang, obsolete) A pickpocket.
  19. verb (transitive) To smooth, grind, or cut with a file. “I'd better file the bottoms of the table legs. Otherwise they will scratch the flooring.”
  20. verb (archaic) To defile.

Synonyms

document paper befoul foil inquinate assoil beclart bedaub bedirty imbrue (especially with blood) bedizen befile befilth begrime beray beshit besmear besmirch besully bewray data file single file Indian file file cabinet filing cabinet register charge lodge file away

Antonyms

rank

Etymology

From Old French fil (“thread”), from Latin fīlum (“thread”). Doublet of filum.

From French file, from filer (“to spin out, arrange one behind another”), from Latin fīlāre, from filum (“thread”).

From Middle English file, fyle, from Old English fēl, fēol (“file”), from earlier fīil, from Proto-Germanic *finhlō, *finhilō (“file, rasp”), from Proto-Indo-European *peyḱ- (“to adorn, form”). Cognate with West Frisian file (“file”), Dutch vijl (“file”), German Feile (“file”), Danish, Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, and Swedish fil (“file”), Icelandic þjöl (“rasp, file”).

From Middle English filen (“to defile”), from Old English fȳlan (“to defile, make foul”), from Proto-West Germanic *fūlijan (“to make foul”). More at defile.

Webster’s 1913

  1. noun An orderly succession; a line; a row; as: (a) (Mil) A row of soldiers ranged one behind another; --in contradistinction to rank, which designates a row of soldiers standing abreast; a number consisting the depth of a body of troops, which, in the ordinary modern formation, consists of two men, the battalion standing two deep, or in two ranks.
  2. noun Course of thought; thread of narration. [Obs.]
  3. verb To set in order; to arrange, or lay away, esp. as papers in a methodical manner for preservation and reverence; to place on file; to insert in its proper place in an arranged body of papers.
  4. verb To bring before a court or legislative body by presenting proper papers in a regular way; as, to file a petition or bill. Burrill.

Etymology [F. file row (cf. Pr., Sp., Pg., & It. fila), LL. fila, fr. L. filum a thread. Cf. Enfilade, Filament, Fillet.]

Etymology [Cf. F. filer.]

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “file”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details

Sanskrit

Sanskrit dictionary entries whose meaning includes “file” (best matches first).