Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

reference

/ˈɹɛf.(ə.)ɹəns/ noun, verb

Forms references referencing referenced

  1. noun (literary or archaic) A relationship or relation (to something).
  2. noun A measurement one can compare (some other measurement) to.
  3. noun Information about a person, provided by someone (a referee) with whom they are well acquainted.
  4. noun (especially US) A person who provides this information; a referee.
  5. noun (often attributive) A reference work. “reference grammar”
  6. noun The act of referring: a submitting for information or decision.
  7. noun (semantics) A relation between objects in which one object designates, or acts as a means by which to connect to or link to, another object.
  8. noun (academic writing) A short written identification of a previously published work which is used as a source for a text.
  9. verb To provide a list of references for (a text). “You must thoroughly reference your paper before submitting it.”
  10. verb (occasionally proscribed) To cite, to use as a reference. “Reference the dictionary for word meanings.”
  11. verb (sometimes proscribed) To mention, to refer to. “In his speech, the candidate obliquely referenced the past failures of his opponent.”
  12. verb (programming) To contain the value that is a memory address of some value stored in memory. “The given pointer will reference the actual generated data.”

Synonyms

mention citation cite acknowledgment credit quotation reference point point of reference reference book reference work book of facts character character reference denotation extension consultation source address computer address

Etymology

From Middle French référence, from Medieval Latin referentia, nominative neuter plural of referēns, present participle of referō (“return, reply”, literally “carry back”). Morphologically refer + -ence.

Webster’s 1913

  1. noun The act of referring, or the state of being referred; as, reference to a chart for quidance.
  2. noun That which refers to something; a specific direction of the attention; as, a reference in a text-book.

Etymology [See Refer.]

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “reference”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details

Sanskrit

Sanskrit dictionary entries whose meaning includes “reference” (best matches first).

All 63 Sanskrit matches →