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Numbered Discourses 11 17 अङ्गुत्तर 11 17

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Gopālasutta

Pāli in Devanagari; under each word its Roman pronunciation, syllable by syllable (ṃ = nasal hum). Tap a Pāli word for its meaning (PTS Pāli-English Dictionary); tap again to open it in the Pāli dictionary.

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1

अङ्गुत्तरaṅ·gut·ta·ra निकायni·kā·ya 11।17

Aṅguttara Nikāya 11.17

Numbered Discourses 11.17
2

2। अनुस्सतिवग्गa·nus·sa·ti·vag·ga

2. Anussativagga

2. Recollection
3

गोपालसुत्तgo·pā·la·sut·ta

Gopālasutta

The Cowherd
4

“एकादसहि,e·kā·da·sa·hi भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve अङ्गेहिaṅ·ge·hi समन्नागतोsa·man·nā·ga·to गोपालकोgo·pā·la·ko अभब्बोa·bhab·bo गोगणंgo·ga·ṇaṃ परिहरितुंpa·ri·ha·ri·tuṃ फातिंphā·tiṃ कातुं।kā·tuṃ

“Ekādasahi, bhikkhave, aṅgehi samannāgato gopālako abhabbo gogaṇaṁ pariharituṁ phātiṁ kātuṁ.

“Mendicants, a cowherd with eleven factors can’t maintain and expand a herd of cattle.
5

कतमेहिka·ta·me·hi एकादसहि?e·kā·da·sa·hi

Katamehi ekādasahi?

What eleven?
6

इध,i·dha भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve गोपालकोgo·pā·la·ko नna रूपञ्ञूrū·pañ·ñū होति,ho·ti नna लक्खणकुसलोlak·kha·ṇa·ku·sa·lo होति,ho·ti नna आसाटिकंā·sā·ṭi·kaṃ हारेताhā·re·tā होति,ho·ti नna वणंva·ṇaṃ पटिच्छादेताpa·ṭic·chā·de·tā होति,ho·ti नna धूमंdhū·maṃ कत्ताkat·tā होति,ho·ti नna तित्थंtit·thaṃ जानाति,jā·nā·ti नna पीतंpī·taṃ जानाति,jā·nā·ti नna वीथिंvī·thiṃ जानाति,jā·nā·ti नna गोचरकुसलोgo·ca·ra·ku·sa·lo होति,ho·ti अनवसेसदोहीa·na·va·se·sa·do·hī चca होति,ho·ti येye तेte उसभाu·sa·bhā गोपितरोgo·pi·ta·ro गोपरिणायकाgo·pa·ri·ṇā·ya·kā तेte नna अतिरेकपूजायa·ti·re·ka·pū·jā·ya पूजेताpū·je·tā होति।ho·ti

Idha, bhikkhave, gopālako na rūpaññū hoti, na lakkhaṇakusalo hoti, na āsāṭikaṁ hāretā hoti, na vaṇaṁ paṭicchādetā hoti, na dhūmaṁ kattā hoti, na titthaṁ jānāti, na pītaṁ jānāti, na vīthiṁ jānāti, na gocarakusalo hoti, anavasesadohī ca hoti, ye te usabhā gopitaro gopariṇāyakā te na atirekapūjāya pūjetā hoti.

It’s when a cowherd doesn’t know form, is unskilled in characteristics, doesn’t pick out flies’ eggs, doesn’t dress wounds, doesn’t spread smoke, doesn’t know the ford, doesn’t know satisfaction, doesn’t know the trail, is not skilled in pastures, milks dry, and doesn’t show extra respect to the bulls who are fathers and captains of the herd.
7

इमेहिi·me·hi खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve एकादसहिe·kā·da·sa·hi अङ्गेहिaṅ·ge·hi समन्नागतोsa·man·nā·ga·to गोपालकोgo·pā·la·ko अभब्बोa·bhab·bo गोगणंgo·ga·ṇaṃ परिहरितुंpa·ri·ha·ri·tuṃ फातिंphā·tiṃ कातुं।kā·tuṃ

Imehi kho, bhikkhave, ekādasahi aṅgehi samannāgato gopālako abhabbo gogaṇaṁ pariharituṁ phātiṁ kātuṁ.

A cowherd with these eleven factors can’t maintain and expand a herd of cattle.
8

एवमेवंe·va·me·vaṃ खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve एकादसहिe·kā·da·sa·hi धम्मेहिdham·me·hi समन्नागतोsa·man·nā·ga·to भिक्खुbhik·khu अभब्बोa·bhab·bo इमस्मिंi·mas·miṃ धम्मविनयेdham·ma·vi·na·ye वुद्धिंvud·dhiṃ विरूळ्हिंvi·rū·ḷhiṃ वेपुल्लंve·pul·laṃ आपज्जितुं।ā·paj·ji·tuṃ

Evamevaṁ kho, bhikkhave, ekādasahi dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu abhabbo imasmiṁ dhammavinaye vuddhiṁ virūḷhiṁ vepullaṁ āpajjituṁ.

In the same way, a mendicant with eleven qualities can’t achieve growth, improvement, or maturity in this teaching and training.
9

कतमेहिka·ta·me·hi एकादसहि?e·kā·da·sa·hi

Katamehi ekādasahi?

What eleven?
10

इध,i·dha भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुbhik·khu नna रूपञ्ञूrū·pañ·ñū होति,ho·ti नna लक्खणकुसलोlak·kha·ṇa·ku·sa·lo होति,ho·ti नna आसाटिकंā·sā·ṭi·kaṃ हारेताhā·re·tā होति,ho·ti नna वणंva·ṇaṃ पटिच्छादेताpa·ṭic·chā·de·tā होति,ho·ti नna धूमंdhū·maṃ कत्ताkat·tā होति,ho·ti नna तित्थंtit·thaṃ जानाति,jā·nā·ti नna पीतंpī·taṃ जानाति,jā·nā·ti नna वीथिंvī·thiṃ जानाति,jā·nā·ti नna गोचरकुसलोgo·ca·ra·ku·sa·lo होति,ho·ti अनवसेसदोहीa·na·va·se·sa·do·hī चca होति,ho·ti येye तेte भिक्खूbhik·khū थेराthe·rā रत्तञ्ञूrat·tañ·ñū चिरपब्बजिताci·ra·pab·ba·ji·tā सङ्घपितरोsaṅ·gha·pi·ta·ro सङ्घपरिणायकाsaṅ·gha·pa·ri·ṇā·ya·kā तेte नna अतिरेकपूजायa·ti·re·ka·pū·jā·ya पूजेताpū·je·tā होति।ho·ti

Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na rūpaññū hoti, na lakkhaṇakusalo hoti, na āsāṭikaṁ hāretā hoti, na vaṇaṁ paṭicchādetā hoti, na dhūmaṁ kattā hoti, na titthaṁ jānāti, na pītaṁ jānāti, na vīthiṁ jānāti, na gocarakusalo hoti, anavasesadohī ca hoti, ye te bhikkhū therā rattaññū cirapabbajitā saṅghapitaro saṅghapariṇāyakā te na atirekapūjāya pūjetā hoti.

It’s when a mendicant doesn’t know form, is unskilled in characteristics, doesn’t pick out flies’ eggs, doesn’t dress wounds, doesn’t spread smoke, doesn’t know the ford, doesn’t know satisfaction, doesn’t know the trail, is not skilled in pastures, milks dry, and doesn’t show extra respect to senior mendicants of long standing, long gone forth, fathers and leaders of the Saṅgha.
11

कथञ्च,ka·thañ·ca भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुbhik·khu नna रूपञ्ञूrū·pañ·ñū होति?ho·ti

Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na rūpaññū hoti?

And how does a mendicant not know form?
12

इध,i·dha भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुbhik·khu यंyaṃ किञ्चिkiñ·ci रूपंrū·paṃ (…) ‘चत्तारिcat·tā·ri महाभूतानि,ma·hā·bhū·tā·ni चतुन्नञ्चca·tun·nañ·ca महाभूतानंma·hā·bhū·tā·naṃ उपादायरूपन्’तिu·pā·dā·ya·rū·pan यथाभूतंya·thā·bhū·taṃ नप्पजानाति।nap·pa·jā·nā·ti

Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu yaṁ kiñci rūpaṁ (…) ‘cattāri mahābhūtāni, catunnañca mahābhūtānaṁ upādāyarūpan’ti yathābhūtaṁ nappajānāti.

It’s when a mendicant doesn’t truly understand that all form is the four principal states, or form derived from the four principal states.
13

एवंe·vaṃ खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुbhik·khu नna रूपञ्ञूrū·pañ·ñū होति।ho·ti

Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na rūpaññū hoti.

That’s how a mendicant doesn’t know form.
14

कथञ्च,ka·thañ·ca भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुbhik·khu नna लक्खणकुसलोlak·kha·ṇa·ku·sa·lo होति?ho·ti

Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na lakkhaṇakusalo hoti?

And how is a mendicant not skilled in characteristics?
15

इध,i·dha भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुbhik·khu ‘कम्मलक्खणोkam·ma·lak·kha·ṇo बालो,bā·lo कम्मलक्खणोkam·ma·lak·kha·ṇo पण्डितो’तिpaṇ·ḍi·to यथाभूतंya·thā·bhū·taṃ नप्पजानाति।nap·pa·jā·nā·ti

Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ‘kammalakkhaṇo bālo, kammalakkhaṇo paṇḍito’ti yathābhūtaṁ nappajānāti.

It’s when a mendicant doesn’t understand that a fool is characterized by their deeds, and an astute person is characterized by their deeds.
16

एवंe·vaṃ खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुbhik·khu नna लक्खणकुसलोlak·kha·ṇa·ku·sa·lo होति।ho·ti

Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na lakkhaṇakusalo hoti.

That’s how a mendicant isn’t skilled in characteristics.
17

कथञ्च,ka·thañ·ca भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुbhik·khu नna आसाटिकंā·sā·ṭi·kaṃ हारेताhā·re·tā होति?ho·ti

Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na āsāṭikaṁ hāretā hoti?

And how does a mendicant not pick out flies’ eggs?
18

इध,i·dha भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुbhik·khu उप्पन्नंup·pan·naṃ कामवितक्कंkā·ma·vi·tak·kaṃ अधिवासेतिa·dhi·vā·se·ti नप्पजहतिnap·pa·ja·ha·ti नna विनोदेतिvi·no·de·ti नna ब्यन्तीकरोतिbyan·tī·ka·ro·ti नna अनभावंa·na·bhā·vaṃ गमेति,ga·me·ti उप्पन्नंup·pan·naṃ ब्यापादवितक्कंbyā·pā·da·vi·tak·kaṃ … उप्पन्नंup·pan·naṃ विहिंसावितक्कंvi·hiṃ·sā·vi·tak·kaṃ …

Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu uppannaṁ kāmavitakkaṁ adhivāseti nappajahati na vinodeti na byantīkaroti na anabhāvaṁ gameti, uppannaṁ byāpādavitakkaṁ … uppannaṁ vihiṁsāvitakkaṁ …

It’s when a mendicant tolerates a sensual, malicious, or cruel thought that has arisen. They don’t give it up, dispel it, eliminate it, and obliterate it.
19

उप्पन्नुप्पन्नेup·pan·nup·pan·ne पापकेpā·pa·ke अकुसलेa·ku·sa·le धम्मेdham·me अधिवासेतिa·dhi·vā·se·ti नप्पजहतिnap·pa·ja·ha·ti नna विनोदेतिvi·no·de·ti नna ब्यन्तीकरोतिbyan·tī·ka·ro·ti नna अनभावंa·na·bhā·vaṃ गमेति।ga·me·ti

uppannuppanne pāpake akusale dhamme adhivāseti nappajahati na vinodeti na byantīkaroti na anabhāvaṁ gameti.

They tolerate any bad, unskillful qualities that have arisen. They don’t give them up, dispel them, eliminate them, and obliterate them.
20

एवंe·vaṃ खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुbhik·khu नna आसाटिकंā·sā·ṭi·kaṃ हारेताhā·re·tā होति।ho·ti

Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na āsāṭikaṁ hāretā hoti.

That’s how a mendicant doesn’t pick out flies’ eggs.
21

कथञ्च,ka·thañ·ca भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुbhik·khu नna वणंva·ṇaṃ पटिच्छादेताpa·ṭic·chā·de·tā होति?ho·ti

Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na vaṇaṁ paṭicchādetā hoti?

And how does a mendicant not dress wounds?
22

इध,i·dha भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुbhik·khu चक्खुनाcak·khu·nā रूपंrū·paṃ दिस्वाdis·vā निमित्तग्गाहीni·mit·tag·gā·hī होतिho·ti अनुब्यञ्जनग्गाही;a·nub·yañ·ja·nag·gā·hī

Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu cakkhunā rūpaṁ disvā nimittaggāhī hoti anubyañjanaggāhī;

When a mendicant sees a sight with their eyes, they get caught up in the features and details.
23

यत्वाधिकरणमेनंyat·vā·dhi·ka·ra·ṇa·me·naṃ चक्खुन्द्रियंcak·khun·dri·yaṃ असंवुतंa·saṃ·vu·taṃ विहरन्तंvi·ha·ran·taṃ अभिज्झादोमनस्साa·bhij·jhā·do·ma·nas·sā पापकाpā·pa·kā अकुसलाa·ku·sa·lā धम्माdham·mā अन्वास्सवेय्युं,an·vās·sa·vey·yuṃ तस्सtas·sa संवरायsaṃ·va·rā·ya नna पटिपज्जति;pa·ṭi·paj·ja·ti नna रक्खतिrak·kha·ti चक्खुन्द्रियं,cak·khun·dri·yaṃ चक्खुन्द्रियेcak·khun·dri·ye संवरंsaṃ·va·raṃ नापज्जति।nā·paj·ja·ti

yatvādhikaraṇamenaṁ cakkhundriyaṁ asaṁvutaṁ viharantaṁ abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṁ, tassa saṁvarāya na paṭipajjati; na rakkhati cakkhundriyaṁ, cakkhundriye saṁvaraṁ nāpajjati.

Since the faculty of sight is left unrestrained, bad unskillful qualities of covetousness and displeasure become overwhelming. They don’t practice restraint, they don’t protect the faculty of sight, and they don’t achieve its restraint.
24

सोतेनso·te·na सद्दंsad·daṃ सुत्वाsut·vā …

Sotena saddaṁ sutvā …

When they hear a sound with their ears …
25

घानेनghā·ne·na गन्धंgan·dhaṃ घायित्वाghā·yit·vā …

ghānena gandhaṁ ghāyitvā …

When they smell an odor with their nose …
26

जिव्हायjiv·hā·ya रसंra·saṃ सायित्वाsā·yit·vā …

jivhāya rasaṁ sāyitvā …

When they taste a flavor with their tongue …
27

कायेनkā·ye·na फोट्ठब्बंphoṭ·ṭhab·baṃ फुसित्वाphu·sit·vā …

kāyena phoṭṭhabbaṁ phusitvā …

When they feel a touch with their body …
28

मनसाma·na·sā धम्मंdham·maṃ विञ्ञायviñ·ñā·ya निमित्तग्गाहीni·mit·tag·gā·hī होतिho·ti अनुब्यञ्जनग्गाही;a·nub·yañ·ja·nag·gā·hī

manasā dhammaṁ viññāya nimittaggāhī hoti anubyañjanaggāhī;

When they know an idea with their mind, they get caught up in the features and details.
29

यत्वाधिकरणमेनंyat·vā·dhi·ka·ra·ṇa·me·naṃ मनिन्द्रियंma·nin·dri·yaṃ असंवुतंa·saṃ·vu·taṃ विहरन्तंvi·ha·ran·taṃ अभिज्झादोमनस्साa·bhij·jhā·do·ma·nas·sā पापकाpā·pa·kā अकुसलाa·ku·sa·lā धम्माdham·mā अन्वास्सवेय्युं,an·vās·sa·vey·yuṃ तस्सtas·sa संवरायsaṃ·va·rā·ya नna पटिपज्जति;pa·ṭi·paj·ja·ti नna रक्खतिrak·kha·ti मनिन्द्रियं,ma·nin·dri·yaṃ मनिन्द्रियेma·nin·dri·ye संवरंsaṃ·va·raṃ नापज्जति।nā·paj·ja·ti

yatvādhikaraṇamenaṁ manindriyaṁ asaṁvutaṁ viharantaṁ abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṁ, tassa saṁvarāya na paṭipajjati; na rakkhati manindriyaṁ, manindriye saṁvaraṁ nāpajjati.

Since the faculty of the mind is left unrestrained, bad unskillful qualities of covetousness and displeasure become overwhelming. They don’t practice restraint, they don’t protect the faculty of the mind, and they don’t achieve its restraint.
30

एवंe·vaṃ खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुbhik·khu नna वणंva·ṇaṃ पटिच्छादेताpa·ṭic·chā·de·tā होति।ho·ti

Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na vaṇaṁ paṭicchādetā hoti.

That’s how a mendicant doesn’t dress wounds.
31

कथञ्च,ka·thañ·ca भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुbhik·khu नna धूमंdhū·maṃ कत्ताkat·tā होति?ho·ti

Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na dhūmaṁ kattā hoti?

And how does a mendicant not spread smoke?
32

इध,i·dha भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुbhik·khu नna यथासुतंya·thā·su·taṃ यथापरियत्तंya·thā·pa·ri·yat·taṃ धम्मंdham·maṃ वित्थारेनvit·thā·re·na परेसंpa·re·saṃ देसेताde·se·tā होति।ho·ti

Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na yathāsutaṁ yathāpariyattaṁ dhammaṁ vitthārena paresaṁ desetā hoti.

It’s when a mendicant doesn’t teach others the Dhamma in detail as they learned and memorized it.
33

एवंe·vaṃ खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुbhik·khu नna धूमंdhū·maṃ कत्ताkat·tā होति।ho·ti

Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na dhūmaṁ kattā hoti.

That’s how a mendicant doesn’t spread smoke.
34

कथञ्च,ka·thañ·ca भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुbhik·khu नna तित्थंtit·thaṃ जानाति?jā·nā·ti

Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na titthaṁ jānāti?

And how does a mendicant not know the ford?
35

इध,i·dha भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुbhik·khu येye तेte भिक्खूbhik·khū बहुस्सुताba·hus·su·tā आगतागमाā·ga·tā·ga·mā धम्मधराdham·ma·dha·rā विनयधराvi·na·ya·dha·rā मातिकाधरा,mā·ti·kā·dha·rā तेte कालेनkā·le·na कालंkā·laṃ उपसङ्कमित्वाu·pa·saṅ·ka·mit·vā नna परिपुच्छतिpa·ri·puc·cha·ti नna परिपञ्हति:pa·ri·pañ·ha·ti

Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ye te bhikkhū bahussutā āgatāgamā dhammadharā vinayadharā mātikādharā, te kālena kālaṁ upasaṅkamitvā na paripucchati na paripañhati:

It’s when a mendicant doesn’t from time to time go up to those mendicants who are very learned—inheritors of the heritage, who have memorized the teachings, the monastic law, and the outlines—and ask them questions:
36

‘इदं,i·daṃ भन्ते,bhan·te कथं,ka·thaṃ इमस्सi·mas·sa कोko अत्थो’ति?at·tho

‘idaṁ, bhante, kathaṁ, imassa ko attho’ti?

‘Why, sir, does it say this? What does that mean?’
37

तस्सtas·sa तेte आयस्मन्तोā·yas·man·to अविवटञ्चेवa·vi·va·ṭañ·ce·va नna विवरन्ति,vi·va·ran·ti अनुत्तानीकतञ्चa·nut·tā·nī·ka·tañ·ca नna उत्तानीकरोन्ति,ut·tā·nī·ka·ron·ti अनेकविहितेसुa·ne·ka·vi·hi·te·su चca कङ्खाठानियेसुkaṅ·khā·ṭhā·ni·ye·su धम्मेसुdham·me·su कङ्खंkaṅ·khaṃ नna पटिविनोदेन्ति।pa·ṭi·vi·no·den·ti

Tassa te āyasmanto avivaṭañceva na vivaranti, anuttānīkatañca na uttānīkaronti, anekavihitesu ca kaṅkhāṭhāniyesu dhammesu kaṅkhaṁ na paṭivinodenti.

Those venerables don’t reveal what is hidden, clarify what is unclear, and dispel doubt regarding the many doubtful matters.
38

एवंe·vaṃ खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुbhik·khu नna तित्थंtit·thaṃ जानाति।jā·nā·ti

Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na titthaṁ jānāti.

That’s how a mendicant doesn’t know the ford.
39

कथञ्च,ka·thañ·ca भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुbhik·khu नna पीतंpī·taṃ जानाति?jā·nā·ti

Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na pītaṁ jānāti?

And how does a mendicant not know satisfaction?
40

इध,i·dha भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुbhik·khu तथागतप्पवेदितेta·thā·ga·tap·pa·ve·di·te धम्मविनयेdham·ma·vi·na·ye देसियमानेde·si·ya·mā·ne नna लभतिla·bha·ti अत्थवेदं,at·tha·ve·daṃ नna लभतिla·bha·ti धम्मवेदं,dham·ma·ve·daṃ नna लभतिla·bha·ti धम्मूपसंहितंdham·mū·pa·saṃ·hi·taṃ पामोज्जं।pā·moj·jaṃ

Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye desiyamāne na labhati atthavedaṁ, na labhati dhammavedaṁ, na labhati dhammūpasaṁhitaṁ pāmojjaṁ.

It’s when a mendicant, when the teaching and training proclaimed by the Realized One are being taught, finds no inspiration in the meaning and the teaching, and finds no joy connected with the teaching.
41

एवंe·vaṃ खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुbhik·khu नna पीतंpī·taṃ जानाति।jā·nā·ti

Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na pītaṁ jānāti.

That’s how a mendicant doesn’t know satisfaction.
42

कथञ्च,ka·thañ·ca भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुbhik·khu नna वीथिंvī·thiṃ जानाति?jā·nā·ti

Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na vīthiṁ jānāti?

And how does a mendicant not know the trail?
43

इध,i·dha भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुbhik·khu अरियंa·ri·yaṃ अट्ठङ्गिकंaṭ·ṭhaṅ·gi·kaṃ मग्गंmag·gaṃ यथाभूतंya·thā·bhū·taṃ नप्पजानाति।nap·pa·jā·nā·ti

Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ariyaṁ aṭṭhaṅgikaṁ maggaṁ yathābhūtaṁ nappajānāti.

It’s when a mendicant doesn’t truly understand the noble eightfold path.
44

एवंe·vaṃ खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुbhik·khu नna वीथिंvī·thiṃ जानाति।jā·nā·ti

Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na vīthiṁ jānāti.

That’s how a mendicant doesn’t know the trail.
45

कथञ्च,ka·thañ·ca भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुbhik·khu नna गोचरकुसलोgo·ca·ra·ku·sa·lo होति?ho·ti

Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na gocarakusalo hoti?

And how is a mendicant not skilled in pastures?
46

इध,i·dha भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुbhik·khu चत्तारोcat·tā·ro सतिपट्ठानेsa·ti·paṭ·ṭhā·ne यथाभूतंya·thā·bhū·taṃ नप्पजानाति।nap·pa·jā·nā·ti

Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu cattāro satipaṭṭhāne yathābhūtaṁ nappajānāti.

It’s when a mendicant doesn’t truly understand the four kinds of mindfulness meditation.
47

एवंe·vaṃ खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुbhik·khu नna गोचरकुसलोgo·ca·ra·ku·sa·lo होति।ho·ti

Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na gocarakusalo hoti.

That’s how a mendicant is not skilled in pastures.
48

कथञ्च,ka·thañ·ca भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुbhik·khu अनवसेसदोहीa·na·va·se·sa·do·hī होति?ho·ti

Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu anavasesadohī hoti?

And how does a mendicant milk dry?
49

इध,i·dha भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुंbhik·khuṃ सद्धाsad·dhā गहपतिकाga·ha·pa·ti·kā अभिहट्ठुंa·bhi·haṭ·ṭhuṃ पवारेन्तिpa·vā·ren·ti चीवरपिण्डपातसेनासनगिलानपच्चयभेसज्जपरिक्खारेहि।cī·va·ra·piṇ·ḍa·pā·ta·se·nā·sa·na·gi·lā·na·pac·ca·ya·bhe·saj·ja·pa·rik·khā·re·hi तत्रtat·ra भिक्खुbhik·khu मत्तंmat·taṃ नna जानातिjā·nā·ti पटिग्गहणाय।pa·ṭig·ga·ha·ṇā·ya

Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhuṁ saddhā gahapatikā abhihaṭṭhuṁ pavārenti cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhārehi. Tatra bhikkhu mattaṁ na jānāti paṭiggahaṇāya.

It’s when a mendicant is invited by a householder to accept robes, almsfood, lodgings, and medicines and supplies for the sick. But they don’t know moderation in accepting.
50

एवंe·vaṃ खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुbhik·khu अनवसेसदोहीa·na·va·se·sa·do·hī होति।ho·ti

Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu anavasesadohī hoti.

That’s how a mendicant milks dry.
51

कथञ्च,ka·thañ·ca भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुbhik·khu येye तेte भिक्खूbhik·khū थेराthe·rā रत्तञ्ञूrat·tañ·ñū चिरपब्बजिताci·ra·pab·ba·ji·tā सङ्घपितरोsaṅ·gha·pi·ta·ro सङ्घपरिणायका,saṅ·gha·pa·ri·ṇā·ya·kā तेte नna अतिरेकपूजायa·ti·re·ka·pū·jā·ya पूजेताpū·je·tā होति?ho·ti

Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ye te bhikkhū therā rattaññū cirapabbajitā saṅghapitaro saṅghapariṇāyakā, te na atirekapūjāya pūjetā hoti?

And how does a mendicant not show extra respect to senior mendicants of long standing, long gone forth, fathers and leaders of the Saṅgha?
52

इध,i·dha भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुbhik·khu येye तेte भिक्खूbhik·khū थेराthe·rā रत्तञ्ञूrat·tañ·ñū चिरपब्बजिताci·ra·pab·ba·ji·tā सङ्घपितरोsaṅ·gha·pi·ta·ro सङ्घपरिणायका,saṅ·gha·pa·ri·ṇā·ya·kā तेसुte·su नna मेत्तंmet·taṃ कायकम्मंkā·ya·kam·maṃ पच्चुपट्ठापेतिpac·cu·paṭ·ṭhā·pe·ti आविā·vi चेवce·va रहोra·ho च,ca नna मेत्तंmet·taṃ वचीकम्मंva·cī·kam·maṃ … नna मेत्तंmet·taṃ मनोकम्मंma·no·kam·maṃ पच्चुपट्ठापेतिpac·cu·paṭ·ṭhā·pe·ti आविā·vi चेवce·va रहोra·ho च।ca

Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ye te bhikkhū therā rattaññū cirapabbajitā saṅghapitaro saṅghapariṇāyakā, tesu na mettaṁ kāyakammaṁ paccupaṭṭhāpeti āvi ceva raho ca, na mettaṁ vacīkammaṁ … na mettaṁ manokammaṁ paccupaṭṭhāpeti āvi ceva raho ca.

It’s when a mendicant doesn’t consistently treat senior mendicants of long standing, long gone forth, fathers and leaders of the Saṅgha with kindness by way of body, speech, and mind, both in public and in private.
53

एवंe·vaṃ खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुbhik·khu येye तेte भिक्खूbhik·khū थेराthe·rā रत्तञ्ञूrat·tañ·ñū चिरपब्बजिताci·ra·pab·ba·ji·tā सङ्घपितरोsaṅ·gha·pi·ta·ro सङ्घपरिणायका,saṅ·gha·pa·ri·ṇā·ya·kā नna तेte अतिरेकपूजायa·ti·re·ka·pū·jā·ya पूजेताpū·je·tā होति।ho·ti

Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ye te bhikkhū therā rattaññū cirapabbajitā saṅghapitaro saṅghapariṇāyakā, na te atirekapūjāya pūjetā hoti.

That’s how a mendicant doesn’t show extra respect to senior mendicants of long standing, long gone forth, fathers and leaders of the Saṅgha.
54

इमेहिi·me·hi खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve एकादसहिe·kā·da·sa·hi धम्मेहिdham·me·hi समन्नागतोsa·man·nā·ga·to भिक्खुbhik·khu अभब्बोa·bhab·bo इमस्मिंi·mas·miṃ धम्मविनयेdham·ma·vi·na·ye वुद्धिंvud·dhiṃ विरूळ्हिंvi·rū·ḷhiṃ वेपुल्लंve·pul·laṃ आपज्जितुं।ā·paj·ji·tuṃ

Imehi kho, bhikkhave, ekādasahi dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu abhabbo imasmiṁ dhammavinaye vuddhiṁ virūḷhiṁ vepullaṁ āpajjituṁ.

A mendicant with these eleven qualities can’t achieve growth, improvement, or maturity in this teaching and training.
55

एकादसहि,e·kā·da·sa·hi भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve अङ्गेहिaṅ·ge·hi समन्नागतोsa·man·nā·ga·to गोपालकोgo·pā·la·ko भब्बोbhab·bo गोगणंgo·ga·ṇaṃ परिहरितुंpa·ri·ha·ri·tuṃ फातिंphā·tiṃ कातुं।kā·tuṃ

Ekādasahi, bhikkhave, aṅgehi samannāgato gopālako bhabbo gogaṇaṁ pariharituṁ phātiṁ kātuṁ.

A cowherd with eleven factors can maintain and expand a herd of cattle.
56

कतमेहिka·ta·me·hi एकादसहि?e·kā·da·sa·hi

Katamehi ekādasahi?

What eleven?
57

इध,i·dha भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve गोपालकोgo·pā·la·ko रूपञ्ञूrū·pañ·ñū होति,ho·ti लक्खणकुसलोlak·kha·ṇa·ku·sa·lo होति,ho·ti आसाटिकंā·sā·ṭi·kaṃ हारेताhā·re·tā होति,ho·ti वणंva·ṇaṃ पटिच्छादेताpa·ṭic·chā·de·tā होति,ho·ti धूमंdhū·maṃ कत्ताkat·tā होति,ho·ti तित्थंtit·thaṃ जानाति,jā·nā·ti पीतंpī·taṃ जानाति,jā·nā·ti वीथिंvī·thiṃ जानाति,jā·nā·ti गोचरकुसलोgo·ca·ra·ku·sa·lo होति,ho·ti सावसेसदोहीsā·va·se·sa·do·hī चca होति,ho·ti येye तेte उसभाu·sa·bhā गोपितरोgo·pi·ta·ro गोपरिणायकाgo·pa·ri·ṇā·ya·kā तेte अतिरेकपूजायa·ti·re·ka·pū·jā·ya पूजेताpū·je·tā होति—ho·ti

Idha, bhikkhave, gopālako rūpaññū hoti, lakkhaṇakusalo hoti, āsāṭikaṁ hāretā hoti, vaṇaṁ paṭicchādetā hoti, dhūmaṁ kattā hoti, titthaṁ jānāti, pītaṁ jānāti, vīthiṁ jānāti, gocarakusalo hoti, sāvasesadohī ca hoti, ye te usabhā gopitaro gopariṇāyakā te atirekapūjāya pūjetā hoti—

It’s when a cowherd knows form, is skilled in characteristics, picks out flies’ eggs, dresses wounds, spreads smoke, knows the ford, knows satisfaction, knows the trail, is skilled in pastures, doesn’t milk dry, and shows extra respect to the bulls who are fathers and captains of the herd.
58

इमेहिi·me·hi खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve एकादसहिe·kā·da·sa·hi अङ्गेहिaṅ·ge·hi समन्नागतोsa·man·nā·ga·to गोपालकोgo·pā·la·ko भब्बोbhab·bo गोगणंgo·ga·ṇaṃ परिहरितुंpa·ri·ha·ri·tuṃ फातिंphā·tiṃ कातुं।kā·tuṃ

imehi kho, bhikkhave, ekādasahi aṅgehi samannāgato gopālako bhabbo gogaṇaṁ pariharituṁ phātiṁ kātuṁ.

A cowherd with these eleven factors can maintain and expand a herd of cattle.
59

एवमेवंe·va·me·vaṃ खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve एकादसहिe·kā·da·sa·hi धम्मेहिdham·me·hi समन्नागतोsa·man·nā·ga·to भिक्खुbhik·khu भब्बोbhab·bo इमस्मिंi·mas·miṃ धम्मविनयेdham·ma·vi·na·ye वुद्धिंvud·dhiṃ विरूळ्हिंvi·rū·ḷhiṃ वेपुल्लंve·pul·laṃ आपज्जितुं।ā·paj·ji·tuṃ

Evamevaṁ kho, bhikkhave, ekādasahi dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu bhabbo imasmiṁ dhammavinaye vuddhiṁ virūḷhiṁ vepullaṁ āpajjituṁ.

In the same way, a mendicant with eleven qualities can achieve growth, improvement, and maturity in this teaching and training.
60

कतमेहिka·ta·me·hi एकादसहि?e·kā·da·sa·hi

Katamehi ekādasahi?

What eleven?
61

इध,i·dha भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुbhik·khu रूपञ्ञूrū·pañ·ñū होति,ho·ti लक्खणकुसलोlak·kha·ṇa·ku·sa·lo होति,ho·ti आसाटिकंā·sā·ṭi·kaṃ हारेताhā·re·tā होति,ho·ti वणंva·ṇaṃ पटिच्छादेताpa·ṭic·chā·de·tā होति,ho·ti धूमंdhū·maṃ कत्ताkat·tā होति,ho·ti तित्थंtit·thaṃ जानाति,jā·nā·ti पीतंpī·taṃ जानाति,jā·nā·ti वीथिंvī·thiṃ जानाति,jā·nā·ti गोचरकुसलोgo·ca·ra·ku·sa·lo होति,ho·ti सावसेसदोहीsā·va·se·sa·do·hī चca होति,ho·ti येye तेte भिक्खूbhik·khū थेराthe·rā रत्तञ्ञूrat·tañ·ñū चिरपब्बजिताci·ra·pab·ba·ji·tā सङ्घपितरोsaṅ·gha·pi·ta·ro सङ्घपरिणायकाsaṅ·gha·pa·ri·ṇā·ya·kā तेte अतिरेकपूजायa·ti·re·ka·pū·jā·ya पूजेताpū·je·tā होति।ho·ti

Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu rūpaññū hoti, lakkhaṇakusalo hoti, āsāṭikaṁ hāretā hoti, vaṇaṁ paṭicchādetā hoti, dhūmaṁ kattā hoti, titthaṁ jānāti, pītaṁ jānāti, vīthiṁ jānāti, gocarakusalo hoti, sāvasesadohī ca hoti, ye te bhikkhū therā rattaññū cirapabbajitā saṅghapitaro saṅghapariṇāyakā te atirekapūjāya pūjetā hoti.

It’s when a mendicant knows form, is skilled in characteristics, picks out flies’ eggs, dresses wounds, spreads smoke, knows the ford, knows satisfaction, knows the trail, is skilled in pastures, doesn’t milk dry, and shows extra respect to senior mendicants of long standing, long gone forth, fathers and leaders of the Saṅgha.
62

कथञ्च,ka·thañ·ca भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुbhik·khu रूपञ्ञूrū·pañ·ñū होति?ho·ti

Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu rūpaññū hoti?

And how does a mendicant know form?
63

इध,i·dha भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुbhik·khu यंyaṃ किञ्चिkiñ·ci रूपंrū·paṃ ‘चत्तारिcat·tā·ri महाभूतानि,ma·hā·bhū·tā·ni चतुन्नञ्चca·tun·nañ·ca महाभूतानंma·hā·bhū·tā·naṃ उपादायरूपन्’तिu·pā·dā·ya·rū·pan यथाभूतंya·thā·bhū·taṃ पजानाति।pa·jā·nā·ti

Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu yaṁ kiñci rūpaṁ ‘cattāri mahābhūtāni, catunnañca mahābhūtānaṁ upādāyarūpan’ti yathābhūtaṁ pajānāti.

It’s when a mendicant truly understands that all form is the four principal states, or form derived from the four principal states.
64

एवंe·vaṃ खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुbhik·khu रूपञ्ञूrū·pañ·ñū होति।ho·ti

Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu rūpaññū hoti.

That’s how a mendicant knows form.
65

कथञ्च,ka·thañ·ca भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुbhik·khu लक्खणकुसलोlak·kha·ṇa·ku·sa·lo होति?ho·ti

Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu lakkhaṇakusalo hoti?

And how is a mendicant skilled in characteristics?
66

इध,i·dha भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुbhik·khu ‘कम्मलक्खणोkam·ma·lak·kha·ṇo बालो,bā·lo कम्मलक्खणोkam·ma·lak·kha·ṇo पण्डितो’तिpaṇ·ḍi·to यथाभूतंya·thā·bhū·taṃ पजानाति।pa·jā·nā·ti

Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ‘kammalakkhaṇo bālo, kammalakkhaṇo paṇḍito’ti yathābhūtaṁ pajānāti.

It’s when a mendicant understands that a fool is characterized by their deeds, and an astute person is characterized by their deeds.
67

एवंe·vaṃ खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुbhik·khu लक्खणकुसलोlak·kha·ṇa·ku·sa·lo होति।ho·ti

Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu lakkhaṇakusalo hoti.

That’s how a mendicant is skilled in characteristics.
68

कथञ्च,ka·thañ·ca भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुbhik·khu आसाटिकंā·sā·ṭi·kaṃ हारेताhā·re·tā होति?ho·ti

Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu āsāṭikaṁ hāretā hoti?

And how does a mendicant pick out flies’ eggs?
69

इध,i·dha भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुbhik·khu उप्पन्नंup·pan·naṃ कामवितक्कंkā·ma·vi·tak·kaṃ नाधिवासेतिnā·dhi·vā·se·ti पजहतिpa·ja·ha·ti विनोदेतिvi·no·de·ti ब्यन्तीकरोतिbyan·tī·ka·ro·ti अनभावंa·na·bhā·vaṃ गमेति,ga·me·ti उप्पन्नंup·pan·naṃ ब्यापादवितक्कंbyā·pā·da·vi·tak·kaṃ … उप्पन्नंup·pan·naṃ विहिंसावितक्कंvi·hiṃ·sā·vi·tak·kaṃ … उप्पन्नुप्पन्नेup·pan·nup·pan·ne पापकेpā·pa·ke अकुसलेa·ku·sa·le धम्मेdham·me नाधिवासेतिnā·dhi·vā·se·ti पजहतिpa·ja·ha·ti विनोदेतिvi·no·de·ti ब्यन्तीकरोतिbyan·tī·ka·ro·ti अनभावंa·na·bhā·vaṃ गमेति।ga·me·ti

Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu uppannaṁ kāmavitakkaṁ nādhivāseti pajahati vinodeti byantīkaroti anabhāvaṁ gameti, uppannaṁ byāpādavitakkaṁ … uppannaṁ vihiṁsāvitakkaṁ … uppannuppanne pāpake akusale dhamme nādhivāseti pajahati vinodeti byantīkaroti anabhāvaṁ gameti.

It’s when a mendicant doesn’t tolerate a sensual, malicious, or cruel thought that has arisen, but gives it up, dispels it, eliminates it, and exterminates it. They don’t tolerate any bad, unskillful qualities that have arisen, but give them up, dispel them, eliminate them, and obliterate them.
70

एवंe·vaṃ खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुbhik·khu आसाटिकंā·sā·ṭi·kaṃ हारेताhā·re·tā होति।ho·ti

Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu āsāṭikaṁ hāretā hoti.

That’s how a mendicant picks out flies’ eggs.
71

कथञ्च,ka·thañ·ca भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुbhik·khu वणंva·ṇaṃ पटिच्छादेताpa·ṭic·chā·de·tā होति?ho·ti

Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vaṇaṁ paṭicchādetā hoti?

And how does a mendicant dress wounds?
72

इध,i·dha भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुbhik·khu चक्खुनाcak·khu·nā रूपंrū·paṃ दिस्वाdis·vā नna निमित्तग्गाहीni·mit·tag·gā·hī होतिho·ti नानुब्यञ्जनग्गाही;nā·nub·yañ·ja·nag·gā·hī

Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu cakkhunā rūpaṁ disvā na nimittaggāhī hoti nānubyañjanaggāhī;

When a mendicant sees a sight with their eyes, they don’t get caught up in the features and details.
73

यत्वाधिकरणमेनंyat·vā·dhi·ka·ra·ṇa·me·naṃ चक्खुन्द्रियंcak·khun·dri·yaṃ असंवुतंa·saṃ·vu·taṃ विहरन्तंvi·ha·ran·taṃ अभिज्झादोमनस्साa·bhij·jhā·do·ma·nas·sā पापकाpā·pa·kā अकुसलाa·ku·sa·lā धम्माdham·mā अन्वास्सवेय्युं,an·vās·sa·vey·yuṃ तस्सtas·sa संवरायsaṃ·va·rā·ya पटिपज्जति;pa·ṭi·paj·ja·ti रक्खतिrak·kha·ti चक्खुन्द्रियं,cak·khun·dri·yaṃ चक्खुन्द्रियेcak·khun·dri·ye संवरंsaṃ·va·raṃ आपज्जति।ā·paj·ja·ti

yatvādhikaraṇamenaṁ cakkhundriyaṁ asaṁvutaṁ viharantaṁ abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṁ, tassa saṁvarāya paṭipajjati; rakkhati cakkhundriyaṁ, cakkhundriye saṁvaraṁ āpajjati.

If the faculty of sight were left unrestrained, bad unskillful qualities of covetousness and displeasure would become overwhelming. For this reason, they practice restraint, protecting the faculty of sight, and achieving its restraint.
74

सोतेनso·te·na सद्दंsad·daṃ सुत्वाsut·vā …

Sotena saddaṁ sutvā …

When they hear a sound with their ears …
75

घानेनghā·ne·na गन्धंgan·dhaṃ घायित्वाghā·yit·vā …

ghānena gandhaṁ ghāyitvā …

When they smell an odor with their nose …
76

जिव्हायjiv·hā·ya रसंra·saṃ सायित्वाsā·yit·vā …

jivhāya rasaṁ sāyitvā …

When they taste a flavor with their tongue …
77

कायेनkā·ye·na फोट्ठब्बंphoṭ·ṭhab·baṃ फुसित्वाphu·sit·vā …

kāyena phoṭṭhabbaṁ phusitvā …

When they feel a touch with their body …
78

मनसाma·na·sā धम्मंdham·maṃ विञ्ञायviñ·ñā·ya नna निमित्तग्गाहीni·mit·tag·gā·hī होतिho·ti नानुब्यञ्जनग्गाही;nā·nub·yañ·ja·nag·gā·hī

manasā dhammaṁ viññāya na nimittaggāhī hoti nānubyañjanaggāhī;

When they know an idea with their mind, they don’t get caught up in the features and details.
79

यत्वाधिकरणमेनंyat·vā·dhi·ka·ra·ṇa·me·naṃ मनिन्द्रियंma·nin·dri·yaṃ असंवुतंa·saṃ·vu·taṃ विहरन्तंvi·ha·ran·taṃ अभिज्झादोमनस्साa·bhij·jhā·do·ma·nas·sā पापकाpā·pa·kā अकुसलाa·ku·sa·lā धम्माdham·mā अन्वास्सवेय्युं,an·vās·sa·vey·yuṃ तस्सtas·sa संवरायsaṃ·va·rā·ya पटिपज्जति;pa·ṭi·paj·ja·ti रक्खतिrak·kha·ti मनिन्द्रियं,ma·nin·dri·yaṃ मनिन्द्रियेma·nin·dri·ye संवरंsaṃ·va·raṃ आपज्जति।ā·paj·ja·ti

yatvādhikaraṇamenaṁ manindriyaṁ asaṁvutaṁ viharantaṁ abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṁ, tassa saṁvarāya paṭipajjati; rakkhati manindriyaṁ, manindriye saṁvaraṁ āpajjati.

If the faculty of mind were left unrestrained, bad unskillful qualities of covetousness and displeasure would become overwhelming. For this reason, they practice restraint, protecting the faculty of mind, and achieving its restraint.
80

एवंe·vaṃ खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुbhik·khu वणंva·ṇaṃ पटिच्छादेताpa·ṭic·chā·de·tā होति।ho·ti

Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vaṇaṁ paṭicchādetā hoti.

That’s how a mendicant dresses wounds.
81

कथञ्च,ka·thañ·ca भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुbhik·khu धूमंdhū·maṃ कत्ताkat·tā होति?ho·ti

Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhūmaṁ kattā hoti?

And how does a mendicant spread smoke?
82

इध,i·dha भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुbhik·khu यथासुतंya·thā·su·taṃ यथापरियत्तंya·thā·pa·ri·yat·taṃ धम्मंdham·maṃ वित्थारेनvit·thā·re·na परेसंpa·re·saṃ देसेताde·se·tā होति।ho·ti

Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu yathāsutaṁ yathāpariyattaṁ dhammaṁ vitthārena paresaṁ desetā hoti.

It’s when a mendicant teaches others the Dhamma in detail as they learned and memorized it.
83

एवंe·vaṃ खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुbhik·khu धूमंdhū·maṃ कत्ताkat·tā होति।ho·ti

Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhūmaṁ kattā hoti.

That’s how a mendicant spreads smoke.
84

कथञ्च,ka·thañ·ca भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुbhik·khu तित्थंtit·thaṃ जानाति?jā·nā·ti

Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu titthaṁ jānāti?

And how does a mendicant know the ford?
85

इध,i·dha भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुbhik·khu येye तेte भिक्खूbhik·khū बहुस्सुताba·hus·su·tā आगतागमाā·ga·tā·ga·mā धम्मधराdham·ma·dha·rā विनयधराvi·na·ya·dha·rā मातिकाधरा,mā·ti·kā·dha·rā तेte कालेनkā·le·na कालंkā·laṃ उपसङ्कमित्वाu·pa·saṅ·ka·mit·vā परिपुच्छतिpa·ri·puc·cha·ti परिपञ्हति:pa·ri·pañ·ha·ti

Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ye te bhikkhū bahussutā āgatāgamā dhammadharā vinayadharā mātikādharā, te kālena kālaṁ upasaṅkamitvā paripucchati paripañhati:

It’s when from time to time a mendicant goes up to those mendicants who are very learned—inheritors of the heritage, who have memorized the teachings, the monastic law, and the outlines—and asks them questions:
86

‘इदं,i·daṃ भन्ते,bhan·te कथं,ka·thaṃ इमस्सi·mas·sa कोko अत्थो’ति?at·tho

‘idaṁ, bhante, kathaṁ, imassa ko attho’ti?

‘Why, sir, does it say this? What does that mean?’
87

तस्सtas·sa तेte आयस्मन्तोā·yas·man·to अविवटञ्चेवa·vi·va·ṭañ·ce·va विवरन्ति,vi·va·ran·ti अनुत्तानीकतञ्चa·nut·tā·nī·ka·tañ·ca उत्तानीकरोन्ति,ut·tā·nī·ka·ron·ti अनेकविहितेसुa·ne·ka·vi·hi·te·su चca कङ्खाठानियेसुkaṅ·khā·ṭhā·ni·ye·su धम्मेसुdham·me·su कङ्खंkaṅ·khaṃ पटिविनोदेन्ति।pa·ṭi·vi·no·den·ti

Tassa te āyasmanto avivaṭañceva vivaranti, anuttānīkatañca uttānīkaronti, anekavihitesu ca kaṅkhāṭhāniyesu dhammesu kaṅkhaṁ paṭivinodenti.

Those venerables reveal what is hidden, clarify what is unclear, and dispel doubt regarding the many doubtful matters.
88

एवंe·vaṃ खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुbhik·khu तित्थंtit·thaṃ जानाति।jā·nā·ti

Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu titthaṁ jānāti.

That’s how a mendicant knows the ford.
89

कथञ्च,ka·thañ·ca भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुbhik·khu पीतंpī·taṃ जानाति?jā·nā·ti

Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu pītaṁ jānāti?

And how does a mendicant know satisfaction?
90

इध,i·dha भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुbhik·khu तथागतप्पवेदितेta·thā·ga·tap·pa·ve·di·te धम्मविनयेdham·ma·vi·na·ye देसियमानेde·si·ya·mā·ne लभतिla·bha·ti अत्थवेदं,at·tha·ve·daṃ लभतिla·bha·ti धम्मवेदं,dham·ma·ve·daṃ लभतिla·bha·ti धम्मूपसंहितंdham·mū·pa·saṃ·hi·taṃ पामोज्जं।pā·moj·jaṃ

Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye desiyamāne labhati atthavedaṁ, labhati dhammavedaṁ, labhati dhammūpasaṁhitaṁ pāmojjaṁ.

It’s when a mendicant, when the teaching and training proclaimed by the Realized One are being taught, finds inspiration in the meaning and the teaching, and finds joy connected with the teaching.
91

एवंe·vaṃ खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुbhik·khu पीतंpī·taṃ जानाति।jā·nā·ti

Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu pītaṁ jānāti.

That’s how a mendicant knows satisfaction.
92

कथञ्च,ka·thañ·ca भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुbhik·khu वीथिंvī·thiṃ जानाति?jā·nā·ti

Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vīthiṁ jānāti?

And how does a mendicant know the trail?
93

इध,i·dha भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुbhik·khu अरियंa·ri·yaṃ अट्ठङ्गिकंaṭ·ṭhaṅ·gi·kaṃ मग्गंmag·gaṃ यथाभूतंya·thā·bhū·taṃ पजानाति।pa·jā·nā·ti

Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ariyaṁ aṭṭhaṅgikaṁ maggaṁ yathābhūtaṁ pajānāti.

It’s when a mendicant truly understands the noble eightfold path.
94

एवंe·vaṃ खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुbhik·khu वीथिंvī·thiṃ जानाति।jā·nā·ti

Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vīthiṁ jānāti.

That’s how a mendicant knows the trail.
95

कथञ्च,ka·thañ·ca भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुbhik·khu गोचरकुसलोgo·ca·ra·ku·sa·lo होति?ho·ti

Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu gocarakusalo hoti?

And how is a mendicant skilled in pastures?
96

इध,i·dha भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुbhik·khu चत्तारोcat·tā·ro सतिपट्ठानेsa·ti·paṭ·ṭhā·ne यथाभूतंya·thā·bhū·taṃ पजानाति।pa·jā·nā·ti

Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu cattāro satipaṭṭhāne yathābhūtaṁ pajānāti.

It’s when a mendicant truly understands the four kinds of mindfulness meditation.
97

एवंe·vaṃ खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुbhik·khu गोचरकुसलोgo·ca·ra·ku·sa·lo होति।ho·ti

Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu gocarakusalo hoti.

That’s how a mendicant is skilled in pastures.
98

कथञ्च,ka·thañ·ca भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुbhik·khu सावसेसदोहीsā·va·se·sa·do·hī होति?ho·ti

Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sāvasesadohī hoti?

And how does a mendicant not milk dry?
99

इध,i·dha भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुbhik·khu सद्धाsad·dhā गहपतिकाga·ha·pa·ti·kā अभिहट्ठुंa·bhi·haṭ·ṭhuṃ पवारेन्तिpa·vā·ren·ti चीवरपिण्डपातसेनासनगिलानपच्चयभेसज्जपरिक्खारेहि।cī·va·ra·piṇ·ḍa·pā·ta·se·nā·sa·na·gi·lā·na·pac·ca·ya·bhe·saj·ja·pa·rik·khā·re·hi

Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu saddhā gahapatikā abhihaṭṭhuṁ pavārenti cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhārehi.

It’s when a mendicant is invited by a householder to accept robes, almsfood, lodgings, and medicines and supplies for the sick.
100

तत्रtat·ra भिक्खुbhik·khu मत्तंmat·taṃ जानातिjā·nā·ti पटिग्गहणाय।pa·ṭig·ga·ha·ṇā·ya

Tatra bhikkhu mattaṁ jānāti paṭiggahaṇāya.

And that mendicant knows moderation in accepting.
101

एवंe·vaṃ खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुbhik·khu सावसेसदोहीsā·va·se·sa·do·hī होति।ho·ti

Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sāvasesadohī hoti.

That’s how a mendicant doesn’t milk dry.
102

कथञ्च,ka·thañ·ca भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुbhik·khu येye तेte भिक्खूbhik·khū थेराthe·rā रत्तञ्ञूrat·tañ·ñū चिरपब्बजिताci·ra·pab·ba·ji·tā सङ्घपितरोsaṅ·gha·pi·ta·ro सङ्घपरिणायका,saṅ·gha·pa·ri·ṇā·ya·kā तेte अतिरेकपूजायa·ti·re·ka·pū·jā·ya पूजेताpū·je·tā होति?ho·ti

Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ye te bhikkhū therā rattaññū cirapabbajitā saṅghapitaro saṅghapariṇāyakā, te atirekapūjāya pūjetā hoti?

And how does a mendicant show extra respect to senior mendicants of long standing, long gone forth, fathers and leaders of the Saṅgha?
103

इध,i·dha भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुbhik·khu येye तेte थेराthe·rā रत्तञ्ञूrat·tañ·ñū चिरपब्बजिताci·ra·pab·ba·ji·tā सङ्घपितरोsaṅ·gha·pi·ta·ro सङ्घपरिणायका,saṅ·gha·pa·ri·ṇā·ya·kā तेसुte·su मेत्तंmet·taṃ कायकम्मंkā·ya·kam·maṃ पच्चुपट्ठापेतिpac·cu·paṭ·ṭhā·pe·ti आविā·vi चेवce·va रहोra·ho च,ca मेत्तंmet·taṃ वचीकम्मंva·cī·kam·maṃ … मेत्तंmet·taṃ मनोकम्मंma·no·kam·maṃ पच्चुपट्ठापेतिpac·cu·paṭ·ṭhā·pe·ti आविā·vi चेवce·va रहोra·ho च।ca

Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ye te therā rattaññū cirapabbajitā saṅghapitaro saṅghapariṇāyakā, tesu mettaṁ kāyakammaṁ paccupaṭṭhāpeti āvi ceva raho ca, mettaṁ vacīkammaṁ … mettaṁ manokammaṁ paccupaṭṭhāpeti āvi ceva raho ca.

It’s when a mendicant consistently treats senior mendicants of long standing, long gone forth, fathers and leaders of the Saṅgha with kindness by way of body, speech, and mind, both in public and in private.
104

एवंe·vaṃ खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुbhik·khu येye तेte भिक्खूbhik·khū थेराthe·rā रत्तञ्ञूrat·tañ·ñū चिरपब्बजिताci·ra·pab·ba·ji·tā सङ्घपितरोsaṅ·gha·pi·ta·ro सङ्घपरिणायका,saṅ·gha·pa·ri·ṇā·ya·kā तेte अतिरेकपूजायa·ti·re·ka·pū·jā·ya पूजेताpū·je·tā होति।ho·ti

Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ye te bhikkhū therā rattaññū cirapabbajitā saṅghapitaro saṅghapariṇāyakā, te atirekapūjāya pūjetā hoti.

That’s how a mendicant shows extra respect to senior mendicants of long standing, long gone forth, fathers and leaders of the Saṅgha.
105

इमेहिi·me·hi खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve एकादसहिe·kā·da·sa·hi धम्मेहिdham·me·hi समन्नागतोsa·man·nā·ga·to भिक्खुbhik·khu भब्बोbhab·bo इमस्मिंi·mas·miṃ धम्मविनयेdham·ma·vi·na·ye वुद्धिंvud·dhiṃ विरूळ्हिंvi·rū·ḷhiṃ वेपुल्लंve·pul·laṃ आपज्जितुन्”ति।ā·paj·ji·tun

Imehi kho, bhikkhave, ekādasahi dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu bhabbo imasmiṁ dhammavinaye vuddhiṁ virūḷhiṁ vepullaṁ āpajjitun”ti.

A mendicant with these eleven qualities can achieve growth, improvement, or maturity in this teaching and training.”
106

सत्तमं।sat·ta·maṃ

Sattamaṁ.

(Pāli only)

Sources. Sanskrit: Satyavedaḥ, the New Testament in Sanskrit (Calcutta Baptist Missionaries, 1851; J. Wenger’s revision of W. Carey’s version). Digital text © 2018 SanskritBible.in, via eBible.org, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0; changed here: arranged by verse and every word linked to the dictionary (links made automatically). Old Testament Sanskrit: the Old Testament in Sanskrit, Calcutta Baptist Mission Press, 1848–1852 (public domain), read by OCR from the Internet Archive scans of the Boston University School of Theology copy; unproofread, with machine clean-up only. Pāli Canon: Mahāsaṅgīti Tipiṭaka Buddhavasse 2500 (based on the Vipassana Research Institute’s Chaṭṭha Saṅgāyana edition), from SuttaCentral bilara-data, CC0; Devanagari and pronunciation made automatically from the Roman text. Pāli English: Bhikkhu Sujato (suttas) and Bhikkhu Brahmali (Vinaya), SuttaCentral, CC0. Pāli word meanings: the Pali Text Society’s Pali-English Dictionary (Rhys Davids & Stede), corrected reprint © The Pali Text Society, CC BY-NC 3.0, digital text from BuddhaDust; word matching automatic. English: King James Version (1769), public domain; words the translators added are in italics. Word meanings and pronunciations: Monier-Williams, Sanskrit–English Dictionary (1872), via this site’s Sanskrit dictionary (CC BY-SA 4.0); English↔Sanskrit word matches made automatically and may need checking.