Scripture · Sanskrit Bible with the King James Version · the Pāli Canon

Monks’ Rules Analysis 3 भिक्खुविभङ्ग 3

Chapter: 1 234 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221

2. Dutiyaaniyatasikkhāpada

Pāli in Devanagari; under each word its Roman pronunciation, syllable by syllable (ṃ = nasal hum). Tap a Pāli word for its meaning (PTS Pāli-English Dictionary); tap again to open it in the Pāli dictionary.

Verse: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 · Hide pronunciation

1

थेरवादthe·ra·vā·da विनयvi·na·ya

Theravāda Vinaya

Theravāda Collection on Monastic Law
2

महाविभङ्गma·hā·vi·bhaṅ·ga

Mahāvibhaṅga

The Great Analysis
3

अनियतकण्डa·ni·ya·ta·kaṇ·ḍa

Aniyatakaṇḍa

The chapter on undetermined offenses
4

2। दुतियअनियतसिक्खापदdu·ti·ya·a·ni·ya·ta·sik·khā·pa·da

2. Dutiyaaniyatasikkhāpada

Sitting alone with a woman
5

Origin story
6

तेनte·na समयेनsa·ma·ye·na बुद्धोbud·dho भगवाbha·ga·vā सावत्थियंsā·vat·thi·yaṃ विहरतिvi·ha·ra·ti जेतवनेje·ta·va·ne अनाथपिण्डिकस्सa·nā·tha·piṇ·ḍi·kas·sa आरामे।ā·rā·me

Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṁ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme.

At one time the Buddha was staying at Sāvatthī in the Jeta Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery.
7

तेनte·na खोkho पनpa·na समयेनsa·ma·ye·na आयस्माā·yas·mā उदायी—“भगवताu·dā·yī पटिक्खित्तंpa·ṭik·khit·taṃ मातुगामेनmā·tu·gā·me·na सद्धिंsad·dhiṃ एकोe·ko एकायe·kā·ya रहोra·ho पटिच्छन्नेpa·ṭic·chan·ne आसनेā·sa·ne अलङ्कम्मनियेa·laṅ·kam·ma·ni·ye निसज्जंni·saj·jaṃ कप्पेतुन्”तिkap·pe·tun तस्सायेवtas·sā·ye·va कुमारिकायku·mā·ri·kā·ya सद्धिंsad·dhiṃ एकोe·ko एकायe·kā·ya रहोra·ho निसज्जंni·saj·jaṃ कप्पेसिkap·pe·si कालयुत्तंkā·la·yut·taṃ समुल्लपन्तोsa·mul·la·pan·to कालयुत्तंkā·la·yut·taṃ धम्मंdham·maṃ भणन्तो।bha·ṇan·to

Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā udāyī—“bhagavatā paṭikkhittaṁ mātugāmena saddhiṁ eko ekāya raho paṭicchanne āsane alaṅkammaniye nisajjaṁ kappetun”ti tassāyeva kumārikāya saddhiṁ eko ekāya raho nisajjaṁ kappesi kālayuttaṁ samullapanto kālayuttaṁ dhammaṁ bhaṇanto.

At this time Venerable Udāyī heard that the Buddha had prohibited sitting alone with a woman on a private and concealed seat suitable for the deed, and so instead he sat down in private alone with the same girl. When they were able, they just chatted; otherwise he gave her a teaching.
8

दुतियम्पिdu·ti·yam·pi खोkho विसाखाvi·sā·khā मिगारमाताmi·gā·ra·mā·tā निमन्तिताni·man·ti·tā तंtaṃ कुलंku·laṃ अगमासि।a·ga·mā·si

Dutiyampi kho visākhā migāramātā nimantitā taṁ kulaṁ agamāsi.

A second time Visākhā had been invited to that family.
9

अद्दसाad·da·sā खोkho विसाखाvi·sā·khā मिगारमाताmi·gā·ra·mā·tā आयस्मन्तंā·yas·man·taṃ उदायिंu·dā·yiṃ तस्सायेवtas·sā·ye·va कुमारिकायku·mā·ri·kā·ya सद्धिंsad·dhiṃ एकंe·kaṃ एकायe·kā·ya रहोra·ho निसिन्नं।ni·sin·naṃ

Addasā kho visākhā migāramātā āyasmantaṁ udāyiṁ tassāyeva kumārikāya saddhiṁ ekaṁ ekāya raho nisinnaṁ.

When she arrived, she saw Udāyī sitting in private alone with the same girl,
10

दिस्वानdis·vā·na आयस्मन्तंā·yas·man·taṃ उदायिंu·dā·yiṃ एतदवोच—e·ta·da·vo·ca

Disvāna āyasmantaṁ udāyiṁ etadavoca—

and she said to Udāyī,
11

“इदं,i·daṃ भन्ते,bhan·te नच्छन्नंnac·chan·naṃ नप्पतिरूपंnap·pa·ti·rū·paṃ यंyaṃ अय्योay·yo मातुगामेनmā·tu·gā·me·na सद्धिंsad·dhiṃ एकोe·ko एकायe·kā·ya रहोra·ho निसज्जंni·saj·jaṃ कप्पेति।kap·pe·ti

“idaṁ, bhante, nacchannaṁ nappatirūpaṁ yaṁ ayyo mātugāmena saddhiṁ eko ekāya raho nisajjaṁ kappeti.

“Venerable, it’s not appropriate for you to sit down in private alone with a woman.
12

किञ्चापि,kiñ·cā·pi भन्ते,bhan·te अय्योay·yo अनत्थिकोa·nat·thi·ko तेनte·na धम्मेन,dham·me·na अपिa·pi चca दुस्सद्धापयाdus·sad·dhā·pa·yā अप्पसन्नाap·pa·san·nā मनुस्सा”ति।ma·nus·sā

Kiñcāpi, bhante, ayyo anatthiko tena dhammena, api ca dussaddhāpayā appasannā manussā”ti.

You may not be aiming at that act, but it’s hard to convince people with little confidence.”
13

एवम्पिe·vam·pi खोkho आयस्माā·yas·mā उदायीu·dā·yī विसाखायvi·sā·khā·ya मिगारमातुयाmi·gā·ra·mā·tu·yā वुच्चमानोvuc·ca·mā·no नादियि।nā·di·yi

Evampi kho āyasmā udāyī visākhāya migāramātuyā vuccamāno nādiyi.

But Udāyī did not listen.
14

अथa·tha खोkho विसाखाvi·sā·khā मिगारमाताmi·gā·ra·mā·tā निक्खमित्वाnik·kha·mit·vā भिक्खूनंbhik·khū·naṃ एतमत्थंe·ta·mat·thaṃ आरोचेसि।ā·ro·ce·si

Atha kho visākhā migāramātā nikkhamitvā bhikkhūnaṁ etamatthaṁ ārocesi.

After leaving, Visākhā told the monks what had happened.
15

येye तेte भिक्खूbhik·khū अप्पिच्छाap·pic·chā …पे…pe तेte उज्झायन्तिuj·jhā·yan·ti खिय्यन्तिkhiy·yan·ti विपाचेन्ति—vi·pā·cen·ti

Ye te bhikkhū appicchā …pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—

The monks of few desires complained and criticized him,
16

“कथञ्हिka·thañ·hi नामnā·ma आयस्माā·yas·mā उदायीu·dā·yī मातुगामेनmā·tu·gā·me·na सद्धिंsad·dhiṃ एकोe·ko एकायe·kā·ya रहोra·ho निसज्जंni·saj·jaṃ कप्पेस्सती”ति।kap·pes·sa·tī

“kathañhi nāma āyasmā udāyī mātugāmena saddhiṁ eko ekāya raho nisajjaṁ kappessatī”ti.

“How could Venerable Udāyī sit down in private alone with a woman?”
17

अथa·tha खोkho तेte भिक्खूbhik·khū आयस्मन्तंā·yas·man·taṃ उदायिंu·dā·yiṃ अनेकपरियायेनa·ne·ka·pa·ri·yā·ye·na विगरहित्वाvi·ga·ra·hit·vā भगवतोbha·ga·va·to एतमत्थंe·ta·mat·thaṃ आरोचेसुंā·ro·ce·suṃ …पे…pe

Atha kho te bhikkhū āyasmantaṁ udāyiṁ anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ …pe…

After rebuking Udāyī in many ways, they told the Buddha. Soon afterwards he had the Sangha gathered and questioned Udāyī:
18

“सच्चंsac·caṃ किरki·ra त्वं,tvaṃ उदायि,u·dā·yi मातुगामेनmā·tu·gā·me·na सद्धिंsad·dhiṃ एकोe·ko एकायe·kā·ya रहोra·ho निसज्जंni·saj·jaṃ कप्पेसी”ति?kap·pe·sī

“saccaṁ kira tvaṁ, udāyi, mātugāmena saddhiṁ eko ekāya raho nisajjaṁ kappesī”ti?

“Is it true, Udāyī, that you did this?”
19

“सच्चं,sac·caṃ भगवा”ति।bha·ga·vā

“Saccaṁ, bhagavā”ti.

“It’s true, sir.”
20

विगरहिvi·ga·ra·hi बुद्धोbud·dho भगवाbha·ga·vā …पे…pe

Vigarahi buddho bhagavā …pe…

The Buddha rebuked him …
21

कथञ्हिka·thañ·hi नामnā·ma त्वं,tvaṃ मोघपुरिस,mo·gha·pu·ri·sa मातुगामेनmā·tu·gā·me·na सद्धिंsad·dhiṃ एकोe·ko एकायe·kā·ya रहोra·ho निसज्जंni·saj·jaṃ कप्पेस्ससि।kap·pes·sa·si

kathañhi nāma tvaṁ, moghapurisa, mātugāmena saddhiṁ eko ekāya raho nisajjaṁ kappessasi.

“Foolish man, how could you do this?
22

नेतं,ne·taṃ मोघपुरिस,mo·gha·pu·ri·sa अप्पसन्नानंap·pa·san·nā·naṃ वाvā पसादायpa·sā·dā·ya …पे…pe

Netaṁ, moghapurisa, appasannānaṁ vā pasādāya …pe…

This will affect people’s confidence …” …
23

एवञ्चe·vañ·ca पन,pa·na भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve इमंi·maṃ सिक्खापदंsik·khā·pa·daṃ उद्दिसेय्याथ—ud·di·sey·yā·tha

evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—

“And, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:
24

Final ruling
25

“नna हेवhe·va खोkho पनpa·na पटिच्छन्नंpa·ṭic·chan·naṃ आसनंā·sa·naṃ होतिho·ti नालङ्कम्मनियं,nā·laṅ·kam·ma·ni·yaṃ अलञ्चa·lañ·ca खोkho होतिho·ti मातुगामंmā·tu·gā·maṃ दुट्ठुल्लाहिduṭ·ṭhul·lā·hi वाचाहिvā·cā·hi ओभासितुं।o·bhā·si·tuṃ

“Na heva kho pana paṭicchannaṁ āsanaṁ hoti nālaṅkammaniyaṁ, alañca kho hoti mātugāmaṁ duṭṭhullāhi vācāhi obhāsituṁ.

‘Although a seat is not concealed, nor suitable for the deed, it may be suitable for speaking indecently to a woman.
26

योyo पनpa·na भिक्खुbhik·khu तथारूपेta·thā·rū·pe आसनेā·sa·ne मातुगामेनmā·tu·gā·me·na सद्धिंsad·dhiṃ एकोe·ko एकायe·kā·ya रहोra·ho निसज्जंni·saj·jaṃ कप्पेय्य,kap·pey·ya तमेनंta·me·naṃ सद्धेय्यवचसाsad·dhey·ya·va·ca·sā उपासिकाu·pā·si·kā दिस्वाdis·vā

Yo pana bhikkhu tathārūpe āsane mātugāmena saddhiṁ eko ekāya raho nisajjaṁ kappeyya, tamenaṁ saddheyyavacasā upāsikā disvā

If a monk sits down on such a seat in private alone with a woman, and a trustworthy female lay follower sees him
27

द्विन्नंdvin·naṃ धम्मानंdham·mā·naṃ अञ्ञतरेनañ·ña·ta·re·na वदेय्य—सङ्घादिसेसेनva·dey·ya वाvā पाचित्तियेनpā·cit·ti·ye·na वा।vā

dvinnaṁ dhammānaṁ aññatarena vadeyya—saṅghādisesena vā pācittiyena vā.

and accuses him of an offense entailing suspension or an offense entailing confession,
28

निसज्जंni·saj·jaṃ भिक्खुbhik·khu पटिजानमानोpa·ṭi·jā·na·mā·no द्विन्नंdvin·naṃ धम्मानंdham·mā·naṃ अञ्ञतरेनañ·ña·ta·re·na कारेतब्बो—kā·re·tab·bo सङ्घादिसेसेनsaṅ·ghā·di·se·se·na वाvā पाचित्तियेनpā·cit·ti·ye·na वा।vā

Nisajjaṁ bhikkhu paṭijānamāno dvinnaṁ dhammānaṁ aññatarena kāretabbo— saṅghādisesena vā pācittiyena vā.

then, if he admits to the sitting, he is to be dealt with according to one of these two
29

येनye·na वाvā साsā सद्धेय्यवचसाsad·dhey·ya·va·ca·sā उपासिकाu·pā·si·kā वदेय्यva·dey·ya तेनte·na सोso भिक्खुbhik·khu कारेतब्बो।kā·re·tab·bo

Yena vā sā saddheyyavacasā upāsikā vadeyya tena so bhikkhu kāretabbo.

or according to what that trustworthy female lay follower has said.
30

अयम्पिa·yam·pi धम्मोdham·mo अनियतो”ति।a·ni·ya·to

Ayampi dhammo aniyato”ti.

This rule too is undetermined.’”
31

Definitions
32

नna हेवhe·va खोkho पनpa·na पटिच्छन्नंpa·ṭic·chan·naṃ आसनंā·sa·naṃ होतीतिho·tī·ti

Na heva kho pana paṭicchannaṁ āsanaṁ hotīti

Although a seat is not concealed:
33

अप्पटिच्छन्नंap·pa·ṭic·chan·naṃ होतिho·ti कुट्टेनkuṭ·ṭe·na वाvā कवाटेनka·vā·ṭe·na वाvā किलञ्जेनki·lañ·je·na वाvā साणिपाकारेनsā·ṇi·pā·kā·re·na वाvā रुक्खेनruk·khe·na वाvā थम्भेनtham·bhe·na वाvā कोत्थळियाkot·tha·ḷi·yā वाvā येनye·na केनचिke·na·ci अप्पटिच्छन्नंap·pa·ṭic·chan·naṃ होति।ho·ti

appaṭicchannaṁ hoti kuṭṭena vā kavāṭena vā kilañjena vā sāṇipākārena vā rukkhena vā thambhena vā kotthaḷiyā vā yena kenaci appaṭicchannaṁ hoti.

it is not concealed by a wall, a screen, a door, a cloth screen, a tree, a pillar, a grain container, or anything else.
34

नालङ्कम्मनियन्तिnā·laṅ·kam·ma·ni·yan·ti

Nālaṅkammaniyanti

Nor suitable for the deed:
35

नna सक्काsak·kā होतिho·ti मेथुनंme·thu·naṃ धम्मंdham·maṃ पटिसेवितुं।pa·ṭi·se·vi·tuṃ

na sakkā hoti methunaṁ dhammaṁ paṭisevituṁ.

one is not able to have sexual intercourse.
36

अलञ्चa·lañ·ca खोkho होतिho·ti मातुगामंmā·tu·gā·maṃ दुट्ठुल्लाहिduṭ·ṭhul·lā·hi वाचाहिvā·cā·hi ओभासितुन्तिo·bhā·si·tun·ti

Alañca kho hoti mātugāmaṁ duṭṭhullāhi vācāhi obhāsitunti

It may be suitable for speaking indecently to a woman:
37

सक्काsak·kā होतिho·ti मातुगामंmā·tu·gā·maṃ दुट्ठुल्लाहिduṭ·ṭhul·lā·hi वाचाहिvā·cā·hi ओभासितुं।o·bhā·si·tuṃ

sakkā hoti mātugāmaṁ duṭṭhullāhi vācāhi obhāsituṁ.

one is able to speak indecently to a woman.
38

योyo पनातिpa·nā·ti

Yo panāti

A:
39

योyo यादिसोyā·di·so …पे…pe

yo yādiso …pe…

whoever …
40

भिक्खूतिbhik·khū·ti

bhikkhūti

Monk:
41

…पे…pe अयंa·yaṃ इमस्मिंi·mas·miṃ अत्थेat·the अधिप्पेतोa·dhip·pe·to भिक्खूति।bhik·khū·ti

…pe… ayaṁ imasmiṁ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.

… The monk who has been given the full ordination by a unanimous Sangha through a legal procedure consisting of one motion and three announcements that is irreversible and fit to stand—this sort of monk is meant in this case.
42

तथारूपेta·thā·rū·pe आसनेतिā·sa·ne·ti

Tathārūpe āsaneti

On such a seat:
43

एवरूपेe·va·rū·pe आसने।ā·sa·ne

evarūpe āsane.

on that sort of seat.
44

मातुगामोmā·tu·gā·mo नामnā·ma

Mātugāmo nāma

A woman:
45

मनुस्सित्थी,ma·nus·sit·thī नna यक्खीyak·khī नna पेतीpe·tī नna तिरच्छानगता,ti·rac·chā·na·ga·tā विञ्ञूviñ·ñū पटिबलाpa·ṭi·ba·lā सुभासितदुब्भासितंsu·bhā·si·ta·dub·bhā·si·taṃ दुट्ठुल्लादुट्ठुल्लंduṭ·ṭhul·lā·duṭ·ṭhul·laṃ आजानितुं।ā·jā·ni·tuṃ

manussitthī, na yakkhī na petī na tiracchānagatā, viññū paṭibalā subhāsitadubbhāsitaṁ duṭṭhullāduṭṭhullaṁ ājānituṁ.

a human female, not a female spirit, not a female ghost, not a female animal. She understands and is capable of discerning good and bad speech, what is decent and what is indecent.
46

सद्धिन्तिsad·dhin·ti

Saddhinti

With:
47

एकतो।e·ka·to

ekato.

together.
48

एकोe·ko एकायातिe·kā·yā·ti

Eko ekāyāti

Alone:
49

भिक्खुbhik·khu चेवce·va होतिho·ti मातुगामोmā·tu·gā·mo च।ca

bhikkhu ceva hoti mātugāmo ca.

just the monk and the woman.
50

रहोra·ho नामnā·ma

Raho nāma

In private:
51

चक्खुस्सcak·khus·sa रहो,ra·ho सोतस्सso·tas·sa रहो।ra·ho

cakkhussa raho, sotassa raho.

private to the eye and private to the ear.
52

चक्खुस्सcak·khus·sa रहोra·ho नामnā·ma

Cakkhussa raho nāma

Private to the eye:
53

नna सक्काsak·kā होतिho·ti अक्खिंak·khiṃ वाvā निखणीयमानेni·kha·ṇī·ya·mā·ne भमुकंbha·mu·kaṃ वाvā उक्खिपीयमानेuk·khi·pī·ya·mā·ne सीसंsī·saṃ वाvā उक्खिपीयमानेuk·khi·pī·ya·mā·ne पस्सितुं।pas·si·tuṃ

na sakkā hoti akkhiṁ vā nikhaṇīyamāne bhamukaṁ vā ukkhipīyamāne sīsaṁ vā ukkhipīyamāne passituṁ.

one is unable to see them winking, raising an eyebrow, or nodding.
54

सोतस्सso·tas·sa रहोra·ho नामnā·ma

Sotassa raho nāma

Private to the ear:
55

नna सक्काsak·kā होतिho·ti पकतिकथाpa·ka·ti·ka·thā सोतुं।so·tuṃ

na sakkā hoti pakatikathā sotuṁ.

one is unable to hear ordinary speech.
56

निसज्जंni·saj·jaṃ कप्पेय्यातिkap·pey·yā·ti

Nisajjaṁ kappeyyāti

Sits down:
57

मातुगामेmā·tu·gā·me निसिन्नेni·sin·ne भिक्खुbhik·khu उपनिसिन्नोu·pa·ni·sin·no वाvā होतिho·ti उपनिपन्नोu·pa·ni·pan·no वा।vā

mātugāme nisinne bhikkhu upanisinno vā hoti upanipanno vā.

the monk sits down or lies down next to the seated woman.
58

भिक्खुbhik·khu निसिन्नेni·sin·ne मातुगामोmā·tu·gā·mo उपनिसिन्नोu·pa·ni·sin·no वाvā होतिho·ti उपनिपन्नोu·pa·ni·pan·no वा।vā

Bhikkhu nisinne mātugāmo upanisinno vā hoti upanipanno vā.

The woman sits down or lies down next to the seated monk.
59

उभोu·bho वाvā निसिन्नाni·sin·nā होन्तिhon·ti उभोu·bho वाvā निपन्ना।ni·pan·nā

Ubho vā nisinnā honti ubho vā nipannā.

Both are seated or both are lying down.
60

सद्धेय्यवचसाsad·dhey·ya·va·ca·sā नामnā·ma

Saddheyyavacasā nāma

Trustworthy:
61

आगतफलाā·ga·ta·pha·lā अभिसमेताविनीa·bhi·sa·me·tā·vi·nī विञ्ञातसासना।viñ·ñā·ta·sā·sa·nā

āgataphalā abhisametāvinī viññātasāsanā.

she has attained the fruit, she has broken through, she has understood the instruction.
62

उपासिकाu·pā·si·kā नामnā·ma

Upāsikā nāma

Female lay follower:
63

बुद्धंbud·dhaṃ सरणंsa·ra·ṇaṃ गता,ga·tā धम्मंdham·maṃ सरणंsa·ra·ṇaṃ गता,ga·tā सङ्घंsaṅ·ghaṃ सरणंsa·ra·ṇaṃ गता।ga·tā

buddhaṁ saraṇaṁ gatā, dhammaṁ saraṇaṁ gatā, saṅghaṁ saraṇaṁ gatā.

she has gone for refuge to the Buddha, the Teaching, and the Sangha.
64

दिस्वातिdis·vā·ti

Disvāti

Sees:
65

पस्सित्वा।pas·sit·vā

passitvā.

having seen.
66

द्विन्नंdvin·naṃ धम्मानंdham·mā·naṃ अञ्ञतरेनañ·ña·ta·re·na वदेय्यva·dey·ya सङ्घादिसेसेनsaṅ·ghā·di·se·se·na वाvā पाचित्तियेनpā·cit·ti·ye·na वा।vā

Dvinnaṁ dhammānaṁ aññatarena vadeyya saṅghādisesena vā pācittiyena vā.

If she accuses him of an offense entailing suspension or an offense entailing confession,
67

निसज्जंni·saj·jaṃ भिक्खुbhik·khu पटिजानमानोpa·ṭi·jā·na·mā·no द्विन्नंdvin·naṃ धम्मानंdham·mā·naṃ अञ्ञतरेनañ·ña·ta·re·na कारेतब्बो—kā·re·tab·bo सङ्घादिसेसेनsaṅ·ghā·di·se·se·na वाvā पाचित्तियेनpā·cit·ti·ye·na वा।vā

Nisajjaṁ bhikkhu paṭijānamāno dvinnaṁ dhammānaṁ aññatarena kāretabbo— saṅghādisesena vā pācittiyena vā.

then, if he admits to the sitting, he is to be dealt with according to one of these two
68

येनye·na वाvā साsā सद्धेय्यवचसाsad·dhey·ya·va·ca·sā उपासिकाu·pā·si·kā वदेय्य,va·dey·ya तेनte·na सोso भिक्खुbhik·khu कारेतब्बो।kā·re·tab·bo

Yena vā sā saddheyyavacasā upāsikā vadeyya, tena so bhikkhu kāretabbo.

or according to what that trustworthy female lay follower has said.
69

साsā चेce एवंe·vaṃ वदेय्य—va·dey·ya

Sā ce evaṁ vadeyya—

If she accuses him like this:
70

“अय्योay·yo मयाma·yā दिट्ठोdiṭ·ṭho निसिन्नोni·sin·no मातुगामेनmā·tu·gā·me·na सद्धिंsad·dhiṃ कायसंसग्गंkā·ya·saṃ·sag·gaṃ समापज्जन्तो”ति,sa·mā·paj·jan·to

“ayyo mayā diṭṭho nisinno mātugāmena saddhiṁ kāyasaṁsaggaṁ samāpajjanto”ti,

“I’ve seen you seated, making physical contact with a woman,”
71

सोso चca तंtaṃ पटिजानाति,pa·ṭi·jā·nā·ti आपत्तियाā·pat·ti·yā कारेतब्बो।kā·re·tab·bo

so ca taṁ paṭijānāti, āpattiyā kāretabbo.

and he admits to that, then he is to be dealt with for the offense.
72

साsā चेce एवंe·vaṃ वदेय्य—va·dey·ya

Sā ce evaṁ vadeyya—

If she accuses him like this:
73

“अय्योay·yo मयाma·yā दिट्ठोdiṭ·ṭho निसिन्नोni·sin·no मातुगामेनmā·tu·gā·me·na सद्धिंsad·dhiṃ कायसंसग्गंkā·ya·saṃ·sag·gaṃ समापज्जन्तो”ति,sa·mā·paj·jan·to

“ayyo mayā diṭṭho nisinno mātugāmena saddhiṁ kāyasaṁsaggaṁ samāpajjanto”ti,

“I’ve seen you seated, making physical contact with a woman,”
74

सोso चेce एवंe·vaṃ वदेय्य—va·dey·ya

so ce evaṁ vadeyya—

but he says,
75

“सच्चाहंsac·cā·haṃ निसिन्नो,ni·sin·no नोno चca खोkho कायसंसग्गंkā·ya·saṃ·sag·gaṃ समापज्जिन्”ति,sa·mā·paj·jin

“saccāhaṁ nisinno, no ca kho kāyasaṁsaggaṁ samāpajjin”ti,

“It’s true that I was seated, but I didn’t make physical contact,”
76

निसज्जायni·saj·jā·ya कारेतब्बोkā·re·tab·bo …पे…pe

nisajjāya kāretabbo …pe…

then he is to be dealt with for the sitting. …
77

“नाहंnā·haṃ निसिन्नो,ni·sin·no अपिa·pi चca खोkho निपन्नो”ति,ni·pan·no

“nāhaṁ nisinno, api ca kho nipanno”ti,

“I wasn’t seated, but lying down,”
78

निपज्जायni·paj·jā·ya कारेतब्बोkā·re·tab·bo …पे…pe

nipajjāya kāretabbo …pe…

then he is to be dealt with for the lying down. …
79

“नाहंnā·haṃ निसिन्नो,ni·sin·no अपिa·pi चca खोkho ठितो”ति,ṭhi·to

“nāhaṁ nisinno, api ca kho ṭhito”ti,

“I wasn’t seated, but standing,”
80

नna कारेतब्बो।kā·re·tab·bo

na kāretabbo.

then he is not to be dealt with.
81

साsā चेce एवंe·vaṃ वदेय्य—va·dey·ya

Sā ce evaṁ vadeyya—

If she accuses him like this:
82

“अय्योay·yo मयाma·yā दिट्ठोdiṭ·ṭho निपन्नोni·pan·no मातुगामेनmā·tu·gā·me·na सद्धिंsad·dhiṃ कायसंसग्गंkā·ya·saṃ·sag·gaṃ समापज्जन्तो”ति,sa·mā·paj·jan·to

“ayyo mayā diṭṭho nipanno mātugāmena saddhiṁ kāyasaṁsaggaṁ samāpajjanto”ti,

“I’ve seen you lying down, making physical contact with a woman,”
83

सोso चca तंtaṃ पटिजानाति,pa·ṭi·jā·nā·ti आपत्तियाā·pat·ti·yā कारेतब्बोkā·re·tab·bo …पे…pe

so ca taṁ paṭijānāti, āpattiyā kāretabbo …pe…

and he admits to that, then he is to be dealt with for the offense. …
84

“सच्चाहंsac·cā·haṃ निपन्नो,ni·pan·no नोno चca खोkho कायसंसग्गंkā·ya·saṃ·sag·gaṃ समापज्जिन्”ति,sa·mā·paj·jin

“saccāhaṁ nipanno, no ca kho kāyasaṁsaggaṁ samāpajjin”ti,

“It’s true that I was lying down, but I didn’t make physical contact,”
85

निपज्जायni·paj·jā·ya कारेतब्बोkā·re·tab·bo …पे…pe

nipajjāya kāretabbo …pe…

then he is to be dealt with for the lying down. …
86

“नाहंnā·haṃ निपन्नो,ni·pan·no अपिa·pi चca खोkho निसिन्नो”ति,ni·sin·no

“nāhaṁ nipanno, api ca kho nisinno”ti,

“I wasn’t lying down, but seated,”
87

निसज्जायni·saj·jā·ya कारेतब्बोkā·re·tab·bo …पे…pe

nisajjāya kāretabbo …pe…

then he is to be dealt with for the sitting. …
88

“नाहंnā·haṃ निपन्नो,ni·pan·no अपिa·pi चca खोkho ठितो”ति,ṭhi·to

“nāhaṁ nipanno, api ca kho ṭhito”ti,

“I wasn’t lying down, but standing,”
89

नna कारेतब्बो।kā·re·tab·bo

na kāretabbo.

then he is not to be dealt with.
90

साsā चेce एवंe·vaṃ वदेय्य—va·dey·ya

Sā ce evaṁ vadeyya—

If she accuses him like this:
91

“अय्यस्सay·yas·sa मयाma·yā सुतंsu·taṃ निसिन्नस्सni·sin·nas·sa मातुगामंmā·tu·gā·maṃ दुट्ठुल्लाहिduṭ·ṭhul·lā·hi वाचाहिvā·cā·hi ओभासन्तस्सा”ति,o·bhā·san·tas·sā

“ayyassa mayā sutaṁ nisinnassa mātugāmaṁ duṭṭhullāhi vācāhi obhāsantassā”ti,

“I’ve heard you speaking indecently to a woman while seated,”
92

सोso चca तंtaṃ पटिजानाति,pa·ṭi·jā·nā·ti आपत्तियाā·pat·ti·yā कारेतब्बो।kā·re·tab·bo

so ca taṁ paṭijānāti, āpattiyā kāretabbo.

and he admits to that, then he is to be dealt with for the offense.
93

साsā चेce एवंe·vaṃ वदेय्य—va·dey·ya

Sā ce evaṁ vadeyya—

If she accuses him like this:
94

“अय्यस्सay·yas·sa मयाma·yā सुतंsu·taṃ निसिन्नस्सni·sin·nas·sa मातुगामंmā·tu·gā·maṃ दुट्ठुल्लाहिduṭ·ṭhul·lā·hi वाचाहिvā·cā·hi ओभासन्तस्सा”ति,o·bhā·san·tas·sā

“ayyassa mayā sutaṁ nisinnassa mātugāmaṁ duṭṭhullāhi vācāhi obhāsantassā”ti,

“I’ve heard you speaking indecently to a woman while seated,”
95

सोso चेce एवंe·vaṃ वदेय्य—va·dey·ya

so ce evaṁ vadeyya—

but he says,
96

“सच्चाहंsac·cā·haṃ निसिन्नो,ni·sin·no नोno चca खोkho दुट्ठुल्लाहिduṭ·ṭhul·lā·hi वाचाहिvā·cā·hi ओभासिन्”ति,o·bhā·sin

“saccāhaṁ nisinno, no ca kho duṭṭhullāhi vācāhi obhāsin”ti,

“It’s true that I was seated, but I didn’t speak indecently,”
97

निसज्जायni·saj·jā·ya कारेतब्बोkā·re·tab·bo …पे…pe

nisajjāya kāretabbo …pe…

then he is to be dealt with for the sitting. …
98

“नाहंnā·haṃ निसिन्नो,ni·sin·no अपिa·pi चca खोkho निपन्नो”ति,ni·pan·no

“nāhaṁ nisinno, api ca kho nipanno”ti,

“I wasn’t seated, but lying down,”
99

निपज्जायni·paj·jā·ya कारेतब्बोkā·re·tab·bo …पे…pe

nipajjāya kāretabbo …pe…

then he is to be dealt with for the lying down. …
100

“नाहंnā·haṃ निसिन्नो,ni·sin·no अपिa·pi चca खोkho ठितो”ति,ṭhi·to

“nāhaṁ nisinno, api ca kho ṭhito”ti,

“I wasn’t seated, but standing,”
101

नna कारेतब्बो।kā·re·tab·bo

na kāretabbo.

then he is not to be dealt with.
102

साsā चेce एवंe·vaṃ वदेय्य—va·dey·ya

Sā ce evaṁ vadeyya—

If she accuses him like this:
103

“अय्यस्सay·yas·sa मयाma·yā सुतंsu·taṃ निपन्नस्सni·pan·nas·sa मातुगामंmā·tu·gā·maṃ दुट्ठुल्लाहिduṭ·ṭhul·lā·hi वाचाहिvā·cā·hi ओभासन्तस्सा”ति,o·bhā·san·tas·sā

“ayyassa mayā sutaṁ nipannassa mātugāmaṁ duṭṭhullāhi vācāhi obhāsantassā”ti,

“I’ve heard you speaking indecently to a woman while lying down,”
104

सोso चca तंtaṃ पटिजानाति,pa·ṭi·jā·nā·ti आपत्तियाā·pat·ti·yā कारेतब्बोkā·re·tab·bo …पे…pe

so ca taṁ paṭijānāti, āpattiyā kāretabbo …pe…

and he admits to that, then he is to be dealt with for the offense. …
105

सच्चाहंsac·cā·haṃ निपन्नो,ni·pan·no नोno चca खोkho दुट्ठुल्लाहिduṭ·ṭhul·lā·hi वाचाहिvā·cā·hi ओभासिन्ति,o·bhā·sin·ti

saccāhaṁ nipanno, no ca kho duṭṭhullāhi vācāhi obhāsinti,

“It’s true that I was lying down, but I didn’t speak indecently,”
106

निपज्जायni·paj·jā·ya कारेतब्बोkā·re·tab·bo …पे…pe

nipajjāya kāretabbo …pe…

then he is to be dealt with for the lying down. …
107

“नाहंnā·haṃ निपन्नो,ni·pan·no अपिa·pi चca खोkho निसिन्नो”ति,ni·sin·no

“nāhaṁ nipanno, api ca kho nisinno”ti,

“I wasn’t lying down, but seated,”
108

निसज्जायni·saj·jā·ya कारेतब्बोkā·re·tab·bo …पे…pe

nisajjāya kāretabbo …pe…

then he is to be dealt with for the sitting. …
109

“नाहंnā·haṃ निपन्नो,ni·pan·no अपिa·pi चca खोkho ठितो”ति,ṭhi·to

“nāhaṁ nipanno, api ca kho ṭhito”ti,

“I wasn’t lying down, but standing,”
110

नna कारेतब्बो।kā·re·tab·bo

na kāretabbo.

then he is not to be dealt with.
111

साsā चेce एवंe·vaṃ वदेय्य—va·dey·ya

Sā ce evaṁ vadeyya—

If she accuses him like this:
112

“अय्योay·yo मयाma·yā दिट्ठोdiṭ·ṭho मातुगामेनmā·tu·gā·me·na सद्धिंsad·dhiṃ एकोe·ko एकायe·kā·ya रहोra·ho निसिन्नो”ति,ni·sin·no

“ayyo mayā diṭṭho mātugāmena saddhiṁ eko ekāya raho nisinno”ti,

“I’ve seen you seated in private alone with a woman,”
113

सोso चca तंtaṃ पटिजानाति,pa·ṭi·jā·nā·ti निसज्जायni·saj·jā·ya कारेतब्बोkā·re·tab·bo …पे…pe

so ca taṁ paṭijānāti, nisajjāya kāretabbo …pe…

and he admits to that, then he is to be dealt with for the sitting. …
114

“नाहंnā·haṃ निसिन्नो,ni·sin·no अपिa·pi चca खोkho निपन्नो”ति,ni·pan·no

“nāhaṁ nisinno, api ca kho nipanno”ti,

“I wasn’t seated, but lying down,”
115

निपज्जायni·paj·jā·ya कारेतब्बोkā·re·tab·bo …पे…pe

nipajjāya kāretabbo …pe…

then he is to be dealt with for the lying down. …
116

“नाहंnā·haṃ निसिन्नो,ni·sin·no अपिa·pi चca खोkho ठितो”ति,ṭhi·to

“nāhaṁ nisinno, api ca kho ṭhito”ti,

“I wasn’t seated, but standing,”
117

नna कारेतब्बो।kā·re·tab·bo

na kāretabbo.

then he is not to be dealt with.
118

साsā चेce एवंe·vaṃ वदेय्य—va·dey·ya

Sā ce evaṁ vadeyya—

If she accuses him like this:
119

“अय्योay·yo मयाma·yā दिट्ठोdiṭ·ṭho मातुगामेनmā·tu·gā·me·na सद्धिंsad·dhiṃ एकोe·ko एकायe·kā·ya रहोra·ho निपन्नो”ति,ni·pan·no

“ayyo mayā diṭṭho mātugāmena saddhiṁ eko ekāya raho nipanno”ti,

“I’ve seen you lying down in private alone with a woman,”
120

सोso चca तंtaṃ पटिजानाति,pa·ṭi·jā·nā·ti निपज्जायni·paj·jā·ya कारेतब्बोkā·re·tab·bo …पे…pe

so ca taṁ paṭijānāti, nipajjāya kāretabbo …pe…

and he admits to that, then he is to be dealt with for the lying down. …
121

नाहंnā·haṃ निपन्नो,ni·pan·no अपिa·pi चca खोkho निसिन्नोति,ni·sin·no·ti

nāhaṁ nipanno, api ca kho nisinnoti,

“I wasn’t lying down, but seated,”
122

निसज्जायni·saj·jā·ya कारेतब्बोkā·re·tab·bo …पे…pe

nisajjāya kāretabbo …pe…

then he is to be dealt with for the sitting. …
123

नाहंnā·haṃ निपन्नो,ni·pan·no अपिa·pi चca खोkho ठितोति,ṭhi·to·ti

nāhaṁ nipanno, api ca kho ṭhitoti,

“I wasn’t lying down, but standing,”
124

नna कारेतब्बो।kā·re·tab·bo

na kāretabbo.

then he is not to be dealt with.
125

अयम्पीतिa·yam·pī·ti

Ayampīti

This rule too:
126

पुरिमंpu·ri·maṃ उपादायu·pā·dā·ya वुच्चति।vuc·ca·ti

purimaṁ upādāya vuccati.

this is said with reference to the previous undetermined rule.
127

अनियतोतिa·ni·ya·to·ti

Aniyatoti

Undetermined:
128

नna नियतो,ni·ya·to सङ्घादिसेसोsaṅ·ghā·di·se·so वाvā पाचित्तियंpā·cit·ti·yaṃ वा।vā

na niyato, saṅghādiseso vā pācittiyaṁ vā.

not determined. It is either an offense entailing suspension or an offense entailing confession.
129

Permutations
130

गमनंga·ma·naṃ पटिजानातिpa·ṭi·jā·nā·ti निसज्जंni·saj·jaṃ पटिजानातिpa·ṭi·jā·nā·ti आपत्तिंā·pat·tiṃ पटिजानाति,pa·ṭi·jā·nā·ti आपत्तियाā·pat·ti·yā कारेतब्बो।kā·re·tab·bo

Gamanaṁ paṭijānāti nisajjaṁ paṭijānāti āpattiṁ paṭijānāti, āpattiyā kāretabbo.

If he admits to going, and he admits to sitting, and he admits to an offense, he is to be dealt with for the offense.
131

गमनंga·ma·naṃ पटिजानातिpa·ṭi·jā·nā·ti निसज्जंni·saj·jaṃ नna पटिजानातिpa·ṭi·jā·nā·ti आपत्तिंā·pat·tiṃ पटिजानाति,pa·ṭi·jā·nā·ti आपत्तियाā·pat·ti·yā कारेतब्बो।kā·re·tab·bo

Gamanaṁ paṭijānāti nisajjaṁ na paṭijānāti āpattiṁ paṭijānāti, āpattiyā kāretabbo.

If he admits to going, but he does not admit to sitting, yet he admits to an offense, he is to be dealt with for the offense.
132

गमनंga·ma·naṃ पटिजानातिpa·ṭi·jā·nā·ti निसज्जंni·saj·jaṃ पटिजानातिpa·ṭi·jā·nā·ti आपत्तिंā·pat·tiṃ नna पटिजानाति,pa·ṭi·jā·nā·ti निसज्जायni·saj·jā·ya कारेतब्बो।kā·re·tab·bo

Gamanaṁ paṭijānāti nisajjaṁ paṭijānāti āpattiṁ na paṭijānāti, nisajjāya kāretabbo.

If he admits to going, and he admits to sitting, but he does not admit to an offense, he is to be dealt with for the sitting.
133

गमनंga·ma·naṃ पटिजानातिpa·ṭi·jā·nā·ti निसज्जंni·saj·jaṃ नna पटिजानातिpa·ṭi·jā·nā·ti आपत्तिंā·pat·tiṃ नna पटिजानाति,pa·ṭi·jā·nā·ti नna कारेतब्बो।kā·re·tab·bo

Gamanaṁ paṭijānāti nisajjaṁ na paṭijānāti āpattiṁ na paṭijānāti, na kāretabbo.

If he admits to going, but he does not admit to sitting, nor does he admit to an offense, he is not to be dealt with.
134

गमनंga·ma·naṃ नna पटिजानातिpa·ṭi·jā·nā·ti निसज्जंni·saj·jaṃ पटिजानातिpa·ṭi·jā·nā·ti आपत्तिंā·pat·tiṃ पटिजानाति,pa·ṭi·jā·nā·ti आपत्तियाā·pat·ti·yā कारेतब्बो।kā·re·tab·bo

Gamanaṁ na paṭijānāti nisajjaṁ paṭijānāti āpattiṁ paṭijānāti, āpattiyā kāretabbo.

If he does not admit to going, but he admits to sitting, and he admits to an offense, he is to be dealt with for the offense.
135

गमनंga·ma·naṃ नna पटिजानातिpa·ṭi·jā·nā·ti निसज्जंni·saj·jaṃ नna पटिजानातिpa·ṭi·jā·nā·ti आपत्तिंā·pat·tiṃ पटिजानाति,pa·ṭi·jā·nā·ti आपत्तियाā·pat·ti·yā कारेतब्बो।kā·re·tab·bo

Gamanaṁ na paṭijānāti nisajjaṁ na paṭijānāti āpattiṁ paṭijānāti, āpattiyā kāretabbo.

If he does not admit to going, nor does he admit to sitting, but he admits to an offense, he is to be dealt with for the offense.
136

गमनंga·ma·naṃ नna पटिजानातिpa·ṭi·jā·nā·ti निसज्जंni·saj·jaṃ पटिजानातिpa·ṭi·jā·nā·ti आपत्तिंā·pat·tiṃ नna पटिजानाति,pa·ṭi·jā·nā·ti निसज्जायni·saj·jā·ya कारेतब्बो।kā·re·tab·bo

Gamanaṁ na paṭijānāti nisajjaṁ paṭijānāti āpattiṁ na paṭijānāti, nisajjāya kāretabbo.

If he does not admit to going, but he admits to sitting, yet he does not admit to an offense, he is to be dealt with for the sitting.
137

गमनंga·ma·naṃ नna पटिजानातिpa·ṭi·jā·nā·ti निसज्जंni·saj·jaṃ नna पटिजानातिpa·ṭi·jā·nā·ti आपत्तिंā·pat·tiṃ नna पटिजानाति,pa·ṭi·jā·nā·ti नna कारेतब्बोति।kā·re·tab·bo·ti

Gamanaṁ na paṭijānāti nisajjaṁ na paṭijānāti āpattiṁ na paṭijānāti, na kāretabboti.

If he does not admit to going, nor does he admit to sitting, nor does he admit to an offense, he is not to be dealt with.
138

दुतियोdu·ti·yo अनियतोa·ni·ya·to निट्ठितो।niṭ·ṭhi·to

Dutiyo aniyato niṭṭhito.

The second undetermined offense on sitting alone with a woman is finished.
139

उद्दिट्ठाud·diṭ·ṭhā खोkho आयस्मन्तोā·yas·man·to द्वेdve अनियताa·ni·ya·tā धम्मा।dham·mā

Uddiṭṭhā kho āyasmanto dve aniyatā dhammā.

“Venerables, the two undetermined rules have been recited.
140

तत्थायस्मन्तेtat·thā·yas·man·te पुच्छामि—puc·chā·mi

Tatthāyasmante pucchāmi—

In regard to this I ask you,
141

“कच्चित्थkac·cit·tha परिसुद्धा”?pa·ri·sud·dhā

“kaccittha parisuddhā”?

‘Are you pure in this?’
142

दुतियम्पिdu·ti·yam·pi पुच्छामि—puc·chā·mi

Dutiyampi pucchāmi—

A second time I ask,
143

“कच्चित्थkac·cit·tha परिसुद्धा”?pa·ri·sud·dhā

“kaccittha parisuddhā”?

‘Are you pure in this?’
144

ततियम्पिta·ti·yam·pi पुच्छामि—puc·chā·mi

Tatiyampi pucchāmi—

A third time I ask,
145

“कच्चित्थkac·cit·tha परिसुद्धा”?pa·ri·sud·dhā

“kaccittha parisuddhā”?

‘Are you pure in this?’
146

परिसुद्धेत्थायस्मन्तो;pa·ri·sud·dhet·thā·yas·man·to

Parisuddhetthāyasmanto;

You are pure in this
147

तस्माtas·mā तुण्ही,tuṇ·hī

tasmā tuṇhī,

and therefore silent.
148

एवमेतंe·va·me·taṃ धारयामीति।dhā·ra·yā·mī·ti

evametaṁ dhārayāmīti.

I will remember it thus.”
149

तस्सुद्दानंtas·sud·dā·naṃ

Tassuddānaṁ

This is the summary:
150

अलंa·laṃ कम्मनियञ्चेव,kam·ma·ni·yañ·ce·va

Alaṁ kammaniyañceva,

“Suitable for the deed,
151

तथेवta·the·va चca नहेवna·he·va खो;kho

tatheva ca naheva kho;

And then not so—
152

अनियताa·ni·ya·tā सुपञ्ञत्ता,su·pañ·ñat·tā

Aniyatā supaññattā,

The undetermined offenses have been well laid down,
153

बुद्धसेट्ठेनbud·dha·seṭ·ṭhe·na तादिनाति।tā·di·nā·ti

buddhaseṭṭhena tādināti.

By the Stable One, the Buddha who is the best.”
154

अनियतकण्डंa·ni·ya·ta·kaṇ·ḍaṃ निट्ठितं।niṭ·ṭhi·taṃ

Aniyatakaṇḍaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ.

The chapter on undetermined offenses is finished.

Sources. Sanskrit: Satyavedaḥ, the New Testament in Sanskrit (Calcutta Baptist Missionaries, 1851; J. Wenger’s revision of W. Carey’s version). Digital text © 2018 SanskritBible.in, via eBible.org, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0; changed here: arranged by verse and every word linked to the dictionary (links made automatically). Old Testament Sanskrit: the Old Testament in Sanskrit, Calcutta Baptist Mission Press, 1848–1852 (public domain), read by OCR from the Internet Archive scans of the Boston University School of Theology copy; unproofread, with machine clean-up only. Pāli Canon: Mahāsaṅgīti Tipiṭaka Buddhavasse 2500 (based on the Vipassana Research Institute’s Chaṭṭha Saṅgāyana edition), from SuttaCentral bilara-data, CC0; Devanagari and pronunciation made automatically from the Roman text. Pāli English: Bhikkhu Sujato (suttas) and Bhikkhu Brahmali (Vinaya), SuttaCentral, CC0. Pāli word meanings: the Pali Text Society’s Pali-English Dictionary (Rhys Davids & Stede), corrected reprint © The Pali Text Society, CC BY-NC 3.0, digital text from BuddhaDust; word matching automatic. English: King James Version (1769), public domain; words the translators added are in italics. Word meanings and pronunciations: Monier-Williams, Sanskrit–English Dictionary (1872), via this site’s Sanskrit dictionary (CC BY-SA 4.0); English↔Sanskrit word matches made automatically and may need checking.