Scripture · Sanskrit Bible with the King James Version · the Pāli Canon

Genesis 50 आदिपुस्तकम् 50

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Old Testament: unproofread OCR. The Sanskrit text was machine-read from scans of the 1848 Calcutta edition and has not been checked by hand, so it contains reading errors. Verses marked Unproofread OCR — may contain errors are the least reliable.

Verse: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 · Hide pronunciation

Each verse: the King James English, then the Sanskrit, its transliteration (IAST) and how to say it, syllable by syllable (ṃ = nasal hum, ḥ = soft breath echoing the vowel).
Tap any word to see it in the other language: a Sanskrit word shows its English meaning; an English word underlined shows matching Sanskrit words.

1

तदानींta·dā·nīṃ यूषम्yūṣam निजपितुni·ja·pi·tu वंदनंvaṃdanaṃ घतिghati शिरःśi·raḥ संनम्बsaṃnamba रोदित्वाroditvā चुचुम्बcu·cum·ba

tadānīṃ yūṣam nijapitu vaṃdanaṃ ghati śiraḥ saṃnamba roditvā cucumba

And Joseph fell upon his father’s face, and wept upon him, and kissed him.
2

अपरंa·pa·raṃ युघप्yughap खपिटदेहंkhapiṭadehaṃ सुगन्धिडव्ययुक्ताsugandhiḍavyayuktā कततुंkatatuṃ निजभृयचिकित्छकान्nijabhṛyacikitchakān व्पाज्ञापवामासvpājñāpavāmāsa;
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aparaṃ yughap khapiṭadehaṃ sugandhiḍavyayuktā katatuṃ nijabhṛyacikitchakān vpājñāpavāmāsa;

And Joseph commanded his servants the physicians to embalm his father: and the physicians embalmed Israel.
3

ततस्िकित्सकाtatasikitsakā इस्रायेलोis·rā·ye·lo वपुःva·puḥ सुगन्धिडय्येsugandhiḍayye योजयामासुःyo·ja·yā·mā·suḥ। तेte चca तत्रtat·ra तत्कम्मेकरणायtatkammekaraṇāya प्रयोजनीयानिpra·yo·ja·nī·yā·ni चत्वारिंशत्catvāriṃśat दिनानिdi·nā·ni रra यापयामासुःyāpayāmāsuḥ, मिखीयलोाकाश्चmikhīyaloākāśca तत्कतेtatkate सप्ततिंदिनानिsaptatiṃdināni यावत्yā·vat खुखुचुःkhukhucuḥ।
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tatasikitsakā isrāyelo vapuḥ sugandhiḍayye yojayāmāsuḥ| te ca tatra tatkammekaraṇāya prayojanīyāni catvāriṃśat dināni ra yāpayāmāsuḥ, mikhīyaloākāśca tatkate saptatiṃdināni yāvat khukhucuḥ|

And forty days were fulfilled for him; for so are fulfilled the days of those which are embalmed: and the Egyptians mourned for him threescore and ten days.
4

शोकीवदिनेषुśokīvadineṣu गतेषुga·te·ṣu यूषफ्yū·ṣaph फिभेणःphibheṇaḥ परिजनान्parijanān अवदत्a·va·dat, यदिya·di मांmāṃ पतिpa·ti युyu श्राकम्śrākam अनुग्रहanugraha आस्तेās·te, तदta·da फिरौणःphi·rau·ṇaḥ वागगोाचरेvāgagoācare कथामेतांka·thā·me·tāṃ कथयतka·tha·ya·ta।

śokīvadineṣu gateṣu yūṣaph phibheṇaḥ parijanān avadat, yadi māṃ pati yu śrākam anugraha āste, tada phirauṇaḥ vāgagoācare kathāmetāṃ kathayata|

And when the days of his mourning were past, Joseph spake unto the house of Pharaoh, saying, If now I have found grace in your eyes, speak, I pray you, in the ears of Pharaoh, saying,
5

ममma·ma प्रिताpritā मांmāṃ शपथंśa·pa·thaṃ कारवित्वाkāravitvā गदितवान्ga·di·ta·vān, पश्यpaś·ya किनानदेशेkinānadeśe स्वस्यsvas·ya कृतेkṛ·te मयाma·yā यत्yat श्मशानंśma·śā·naṃ खातंkhā·taṃ मथिmathi सुतेsu·te त्वtva मांmāṃ तत्रtat·ra निधास्यसिni·dhās·ya·si; तस्मात्tas·māt इदानींi·dā·nīṃ मांmāṃ यातुम्yā·tum आज्ञापयतुāj·ñā·pa·ya·tu; पितरpi·ta·ra श्मशानेśma·śā·ne निधायाक्षंnidhāyākṣaṃ पुनरागमिष्यानिpunarāgamiṣyāni।

mama pritā māṃ śapathaṃ kāravitvā gaditavān, paśya kinānadeśe svasya kṛte mayā yat śmaśānaṃ khātaṃ mathi sute tva māṃ tatra nidhāsyasi; tasmāt idānīṃ māṃ yātum ājñāpayatu; pitara śmaśāne nidhāyākṣaṃ punarāgamiṣyāni|

My father made me swear, saying, Lo, I die: in my grave which I have digged for me in the land of Canaan, there shalt thou bury me. Now therefore let me go up, I pray thee, and bury my father, and I will come again.
6

ततःta·taḥ फिरोन्phiron उक्तवान्uk·ta·vān, याहिyā·hi, तवta·va पिताpi·tā त्वांtvāṃ यथाya·thā शपथंśa·pa·thaṃ कारितवान्kā·ri·ta·vān तथैवta·thai·va त्वंtvaṃ तta श्मशानेśma·śā·ne स्थापयsthā·pa·ya।

tataḥ phiron uktavān, yāhi, tava pitā tvāṃ yathā śapathaṃ kāritavān tathaiva tvaṃ ta śmaśāne sthāpaya|

And Pharaoh said, Go up, and bury thy father, according as he made thee swear.
7

तदाta·dā यूषफyūṣapha स्वपितरंsva·pi·ta·raṃ श्मशानेśma·śā·ne निधातुंni·dhā·tuṃ वाचांvācāṃ चकारca·kā·ra; ततःta·taḥ फिरोाशोphiroāśo गga इस्याधिपतघोisyādhipatagho भृत्याbhṛt·yā मिसर्देशीयाधिपतयाmisardeśīyādhipatayā यूषफःyū·ṣa·phaḥ सव्नंsavnaṃ परिवारास्तस्यparivārāstasya भातरस्तस्यbhātarastasya पितुःpi·tuḥ परिवाराच्चpa·ri·vā·rāc·ca तेनte·na साधंsādhaṃ जग्मुःjag·muḥ; गोशन्gośan प्रहरेpra·ha·re
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tadā yūṣapha svapitaraṃ śmaśāne nidhātuṃ vācāṃ cakāra; tataḥ phiroāśo ga isyādhipatagho bhṛtyā misardeśīyādhipatayā yūṣaphaḥ savnaṃ parivārāstasya bhātarastasya pituḥ parivārācca tena sādhaṃ jagmuḥ; gośan prahare

And Joseph went up to bury his father: and with him went up all the servants of Pharaoh, the elders of his house, and all the elders of the land of Egypt,
8

कोवलंkovalaṃ बालकाbā·la·kā शामेघब्रजास्रśāmeghabrajāsra तेte निक्ताःniktāḥ।
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kovalaṃ bālakā śāmeghabrajāsra te niktāḥ|

And all the house of Joseph, and his brethren, and his father’s house: only their little ones, and their flocks, and their herds, they left in the land of Goshen.
9

सेनsena सादेsāde रथारूषाrathārūṣā व्यखारूषाश्vyakhārūṣāś जग्मुःjag·muḥ; सेनातीवsenātīva जनसमागमोja·na·sa·mā·ga·mo बभूवba·bhū·va।
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sena sāde rathārūṣā vyakhārūṣāś jagmuḥ; senātīva janasamāgamo babhūva|

And there went up with him both chariots and horsemen: and it was a very great company.
10

पश्चात्paś·cāt तेte यददन्तटिन्याःyadadantaṭinyāḥ पारेpā·re स्थितम्sthi·tam आटāṭa दःdaḥ शस्यमśasyama दनस्थानम्danasthānam उपस्थायu·pas·thā·ya तत्रtat·ra महारवmahārava रुरुदुःruruduḥ; यस्मात्yas·māt तत्रtat·ra स्थानेsthā·ne यूषफोyū·ṣa·pho पितुःpi·tuḥ तेte सप्तsap·ta दिनानिdi·nā·ni यावत्yā·vat खुखुचेkhukhuce।

paścāt te yadadantaṭinyāḥ pāre sthitam āṭa daḥ śasyama danasthānam upasthāya tatra mahārava ruruduḥ; yasmāt tatra sthāne yūṣapho pituḥ te sapta dināni yāvat khukhuce|

And they came to the threshingfloor of Atad, which is beyond Jordan, and there they mourned with a great and very sore lamentation: and he made a mourning for his father seven days.
11

चतःcataḥ किनानरेशीयाkinānareśīyā व्याठदःvyāṭhadaḥ शस्यमदनस्थानेśasyamadanasthāne तेषाम्te·ṣām इंटकiṃṭaka शोकंśo·kaṃ विलोकviloka कथयामासुःka·tha·yā·mā·suḥ; मिखीवाणम्mikhīvāṇam चयंcayaṃ महान्ma·hān शोकःśo·kaḥ। तस्मात्tas·māt यदंन्पारस्थंyadaṃnpārasthaṃ तत्स्थानम्tatsthānam आपवेलमिसर्āpavelamisar भमिखीयशोकः) इतिi·ti नाम्नाnām·nā विख्यातोvikh·yā·to बभूवba·bhū·va।
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cataḥ kinānareśīyā vyāṭhadaḥ śasyamadanasthāne teṣām iṃṭaka śokaṃ viloka kathayāmāsuḥ; mikhīvāṇam cayaṃ mahān śokaḥ| tasmāt yadaṃnpārasthaṃ tatsthānam āpavelamisar bhamikhīyaśokaḥ) iti nāmnā vikhyāto babhūva|

And when the inhabitants of the land, the Canaanites, saw the mourning in the floor of Atad, they said, This is a grievous mourning to the Egyptians: wherefore the name of it was called Abel-mizraim, which is beyond Jordan.
12

अनन्तरंa·nan·ta·raṃ याकूबyā·kū·ba निजपुल्नान्nijapulnān यथाज्ञापयत्ya·thāj·ñā·pa·yat, तस्यtas·ya पुल्नास्तदनसारणpulnāstadanasāraṇa कर्म्मेkarme चत्ुःcatuḥ।

anantaraṃ yākūba nijapulnān yathājñāpayat, tasya pulnāstadanasāraṇa karmme catuḥ|

And his sons did unto him according as he commanded them:
13

यालरवैस्तस्यyālaravaistasya पुल्नास्तंpulnāstaṃ किनान्देशंkināndeśaṃ नोत्वाnotvā चतीयेफोाणःcatīyephoāṇaḥ समीsamī पात्pāt श्मशानस्थानाथम्śmaśānasthānātham इब्राहीमाib·rā·hī·mā क्ीताkītā मम्याःmamyāḥ पूर्वस्थमक्पेलाच्तेचस्यpūrvasthamakpelāctecasya याyā गुgu हाhā तन्मध्येtan·madh·ye तस्यtas·ya श्मशानंśma·śā·naṃ कृतkṛ·ta वन्तःvantaḥ।
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yālaravaistasya pulnāstaṃ kināndeśaṃ notvā catīyephoāṇaḥ samī pāt śmaśānasthānātham ibrāhīmā kītā mamyāḥ pūrvasthamakpelāctecasya yā gu hā tanmadhye tasya śmaśānaṃ kṛta vantaḥ|

For his sons carried him into the land of Canaan, and buried him in the cave of the field of Machpelah, which Abraham bought with the field for a possession of a buryingplace of Ephron the Hittite, before Mamre.
14

स्वस्यsvas·ya तातस्यtā·tas·ya श्मशाśmaśā तेte जातेjā·te यूषफyūṣapha. तस्यंtasyaṃ पितुःpi·tuḥ श्मशानंśma·śā·naṃ कन्तkanta गतवन्तस्तस्यgatavantastasya भाचादयःbhācādayaḥ सक्तगामिनस्थsaktagāminastha मिसदेशंmisadeśaṃ घत्यागतवन्तःghatyāgatavantaḥ। कka

svasya tātasya śmaśā te jāte yūṣapha. tasyaṃ pituḥ śmaśānaṃ kanta gatavantastasya bhācādayaḥ saktagāminastha misadeśaṃ ghatyāgatavantaḥ| ka

And Joseph returned into Egypt, he, and his brethren, and all that went up with him to bury his father, after he had buried his father.
15

अपरंa·pa·raṃ स्वेषांsve·ṣāṃ पिताpi·tā मतmata इतिi·ti दृष्टाdṛṣ·ṭā यूषफोyū·ṣa·pho भ्रातरःbhrā·ta·raḥ कथयामासुःka·tha·yā·mā·suḥ, यदिya·di यूषफyūṣapha_ अस्मान्as·mān ऋतीयतेṛ·tī·ya·te तद्दिtaddi वयंva·yaṃ तस्यtas·ya यद्यत्yad·yat अहितम्ahitam अकुम्मेakumme तत्पृतिपालम्tatpṛtipālam अस्मभ्यंas·mabh·yaṃ दास्यतिdās·ya·ti।

aparaṃ sveṣāṃ pitā mata iti dṛṣṭā yūṣapho bhrātaraḥ kathayāmāsuḥ, yadi yūṣapha_ asmān ṛtīyate taddi vayaṃ tasya yadyat ahitam akumme tatpṛtipālam asmabhyaṃ dāsyati|

And when Joseph’s brethren saw that their father was dead, they said, Joseph will peradventure hate us, and will certainly requite us all the evil which we did unto him.
16

तस्मात्tas·māt तेte यूषफंyū·ṣa·phaṃ प्रतिpra·ti कथामेतांka·thā·me·tāṃ लोाकद्ाराloākadārā कथयामासुःka·tha·yā·mā·suḥ, तवta·va ्राटभिस्तांrāṭabhistāṃ प्रतिpra·ti होषेho·ṣe क्रतेपिkratepi त्वम्tvam अनुग्रद्यanugradya तेषांte·ṣāṃ दोषम्do·ṣam

tasmāt te yūṣaphaṃ prati kathāmetāṃ loākadārā kathayāmāsuḥ, tava rāṭabhistāṃ prati hoṣe kratepi tvam anugradya teṣāṃ doṣam

And they sent a messenger unto Joseph, saying, Thy father did command before he died, saying,
17

अपरराधच्चapararādhacca मच्यसिmacyasi, कथामेतांka·thā·me·tāṃ यूषफेyū·ṣa·phe कथयिव्यधेतिkathayivyadheti तवta·va पिताpi·tā मरणात्maraṇāt पूर्व्वेpūr·ve अस्मान्as·mān गदितवान्ga·di·ta·vān, अतोa·to वयम्va·yam इदानींi·dā·nīṃ पायेवामहpāyevāmaha, तवta·va पितुरीख्वरस्यथpiturīkhvarasyatha दासेयानांdāseyānāṃ दषंdaṣaṃ मुग्धिmugdhi, किन्तुkin·tu यूषफ्yū·ṣaph तेषांte·ṣāṃ कथामेतांka·thā·me·tāṃ मत्वाmat·vā रोदितुम्ro·di·tum आरभतā·ra·bha·ta।

apararādhacca macyasi, kathāmetāṃ yūṣaphe kathayivyadheti tava pitā maraṇāt pūrvve asmān gaditavān, ato vayam idānīṃ pāyevāmaha, tava piturīkhvarasyatha dāseyānāṃ daṣaṃ mugdhi, kintu yūṣaph teṣāṃ kathāmetāṃ matvā roditum ārabhata|

So shall ye say unto Joseph, Forgive, I pray thee now, the trespass of thy brethren, and their sin; for they did unto thee evil: and now, we pray thee, forgive the trespass of the servants of the God of thy father. And Joseph wept when they spake unto him.
18

अनन्तरंa·nan·ta·raṃ तस्यtas·ya म्नातरस्तदग्रंmnātarastadagraṃ गत्वाgat·vā प्रणिपत्यpra·ṇi·pat·ya कथयामासुःka·tha·yā·mā·suḥ, पश्चpaśca, वयंva·yaṃ तवta·va दासाःdā·sāḥ।

anantaraṃ tasya mnātarastadagraṃ gatvā praṇipatya kathayāmāsuḥ, paśca, vayaṃ tava dāsāḥ|

And his brethren also went and fell down before his face; and they said, Behold, we be thy servants.
19

ततोta·to यूषफ्yū·ṣaph तेभ्यःtebh·yaḥ कथितवान्ka·thi·ta·vān, माmā मेधmedha,

tato yūṣaph tebhyaḥ kathitavān, mā medha,

And Joseph said unto them, Fear not: for am I in the place of God?
20

किमहम्ki·ma·ham खरस्यkharasya पतिनिधिखरूपःpatinidhikharūpaḥ? यूयंyū·yaṃ मदिरुदधाmadirudadhā कुमन्तणांkumantaṇāṃ कृतवन्तkṛ·ta·van·ta इतिi·ti सर्व्वंsar·vaṃ, किन्त्वीkintvī खरुस्तामेवkharustāmeva सुमन्तणांsumantaṇāṃ कृतवानkṛ·ta·vā·na; फलतpha·la·ta इदानोंidānoṃ यादृशःyā·dṛ·śaḥ पश्यथpaś·ya·tha, तथैवta·thai·va सsa बद्भनांbadbhanāṃ मनुष्याणांma·nuṣ·yā·ṇāṃ प्राणान्prā·ṇān अरच्तत्aractat।
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kimaham kharasya patinidhikharūpaḥ? yūyaṃ madirudadhā kumantaṇāṃ kṛtavanta iti sarvvaṃ, kintvī kharustāmeva sumantaṇāṃ kṛtavāna; phalata idānoṃ yādṛśaḥ paśyatha, tathaiva sa badbhanāṃ manuṣyāṇāṃ prāṇān aractat|

But as for you, ye thought evil against me; but God meant it unto good, to bring to pass, as it is this day, to save much people alive.
21

अतोa·to यूयम्yū·yam इदानोंidānoṃ माmā मेलmela, युष्मान्yuṣ·mān युष्माकंyuṣ·mā·kaṃ बालकंbā·la·kaṃ पघतिपालयिस्येक्षम्paghatipālayisyekṣam। इत्थंit·thaṃ मधुरवाक्यmadhuravākya कथयित्वाka·tha·yit·vā सsa तान्tān सान्त्वयामासsāntvayāmāsa।

ato yūyam idānoṃ mā mela, yuṣmān yuṣmākaṃ bālakaṃ paghatipālayisyekṣam| itthaṃ madhuravākya kathayitvā sa tān sāntvayāmāsa|

Now therefore fear ye not: I will nourish you, and your little ones. And he comforted them, and spake kindly unto them.
22

अनन्तरंa·nan·ta·raṃ यूवफyūvapha तस्यtas·ya पितुःpi·tuḥ परिवारparivāra मिसर्देशेmi·sar·de·śe वसन्तस्तस्थुःvasantastasthuḥ।

anantaraṃ yūvapha tasya pituḥ parivāra misardeśe vasantastasthuḥ|

And Joseph dwelt in Egypt, he, and his father’s house: and Joseph lived an hundred and ten years.
23

अपरंa·pa·raṃ यूषफ्yū·ṣaph दशाधिकंdaśādhikaṃ कृतंkṛ·taṃ वत्सरान्vat·sa·rān जीवन्jī·van इपुविमःipuvimaḥ पान्तंpāntaṃ यावत्yā·vat दह्रdahra, सsa मिनशेminaśe माखीन्नास्रःmākhīnnāsraḥ पुच्चस्यpuccasya सन्तानानपिsantānānapi काडेkāḍe चकारca·kā·ra।
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aparaṃ yūṣaph daśādhikaṃ kṛtaṃ vatsarān jīvan ipuvimaḥ pāntaṃ yāvat dahra, sa minaśe mākhīnnāsraḥ puccasya santānānapi kāḍe cakāra|

And Joseph saw Ephraim’s children of the third generation: the children also of Machir the son of Manasseh were brought up upon Joseph’s knees.
24

ततोta·to यूषफ्yū·ṣaph सङजान्saṅajān अवदत्a·va·dat, अहंa·haṃ मुमूष', किन्त्वीखkintvīkha राrā युष्मान्yuṣ·mān प्रतिpra·ti नितान्तंni·tān·taṃ दृ्डिंdṛḍiṃ कृत्वाkṛt·vā इब्राहीमib·rā·hī·ma इसक्षाकाisakṣākā याकूबश्वyākūbaśva समीपsa·mī·pa यंyaṃ दशंdaśaṃ दातुंdā·tuṃ शपथśapatha कृतवान्kṛ·ta·vān अस्माद्as·mād दशत्daśat तंtaṃ देशंde·śaṃ नेष्यतिneṣ·ya·ti।

tato yūṣaph saṅajān avadat, ahaṃ mumūṣa', kintvīkha rā yuṣmān prati nitāntaṃ dṛḍiṃ kṛtvā ibrāhīma isakṣākā yākūbaśva samīpa yaṃ daśaṃ dātuṃ śapatha kṛtavān asmād daśat taṃ deśaṃ neṣyati|

And Joseph said unto his brethren, I die: and God will surely visit you, and bring you out of this land unto the land which he sware to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob.
25

ततोta·to यूषफ्yū·ṣaph इमंi·maṃ शपथंśa·pa·thaṃ कारवित्वाkāravitvā इस्रायेलःis·rā·ye·laḥ सन्तानान्san·tā·nān बभाषेba·bhā·ṣe, खरोkharo युष्मान्yuṣ·mān प्रत्यवश्यंpratyavaśyaṃ दृष्टिंdṛṣ·ṭiṃ करिष्यतिka·riṣ·ya·ti, तदानीञ्चtadānīñca यूयंyū·yaṃ रुतस्मात्rutasmāt स्थानात्sthā·nāt मदीयास्थीनिmadīyāsthīni नेव्यथnevyatha।

tato yūṣaph imaṃ śapathaṃ kāravitvā isrāyelaḥ santānān babhāṣe, kharo yuṣmān pratyavaśyaṃ dṛṣṭiṃ kariṣyati, tadānīñca yūyaṃ rutasmāt sthānāt madīyāsthīni nevyatha|

And Joseph took an oath of the children of Israel, saying, God will surely visit you, and ye shall carry up my bones from hence.
26

इत्थंit·thaṃ यूषफ्yū·ṣaph दशाधिकशतवत्सरवयसिdaśādhikaśatavatsaravayasi ममारma·mā·ra, ततःta·taḥ सगन्धिनव्ययुक्तस्तस्यsagandhinavyayuktastasya ददाdadā मिसदेशेmisadeśe काषाधारेkāṣādhāre स्थापितःsthā·pi·taḥ। मामाmāmā वva प्रpra

itthaṃ yūṣaph daśādhikaśatavatsaravayasi mamāra, tataḥ sagandhinavyayuktastasya dadā misadeśe kāṣādhāre sthāpitaḥ| māmā va pra

So Joseph died, being an hundred and ten years old: and they embalmed him, and he was put in a coffin in Egypt.

Sources. Sanskrit: Satyavedaḥ, the New Testament in Sanskrit (Calcutta Baptist Missionaries, 1851; J. Wenger’s revision of W. Carey’s version). Digital text © 2018 SanskritBible.in, via eBible.org, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0; changed here: arranged by verse and every word linked to the dictionary (links made automatically). Old Testament Sanskrit: the Old Testament in Sanskrit, Calcutta Baptist Mission Press, 1848–1852 (public domain), read by OCR from the Internet Archive scans of the Boston University School of Theology copy; unproofread, with machine clean-up only. Pāli Canon: Mahāsaṅgīti Tipiṭaka Buddhavasse 2500 (based on the Vipassana Research Institute’s Chaṭṭha Saṅgāyana edition), from SuttaCentral bilara-data, CC0; Devanagari and pronunciation made automatically from the Roman text. Pāli English: Bhikkhu Sujato (suttas) and Bhikkhu Brahmali (Vinaya), SuttaCentral, CC0. Pāli word meanings: the Pali Text Society’s Pali-English Dictionary (Rhys Davids & Stede), corrected reprint © The Pali Text Society, CC BY-NC 3.0, digital text from BuddhaDust; word matching automatic. English: King James Version (1769), public domain; words the translators added are in italics. Word meanings and pronunciations: Monier-Williams, Sanskrit–English Dictionary (1872), via this site’s Sanskrit dictionary (CC BY-SA 4.0); English↔Sanskrit word matches made automatically and may need checking.