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Middle Discourses 19 मज्झिमनिकाय 19

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Dvedhāvitakkasutta

Pāli in Devanagari; under each word its Roman pronunciation, syllable by syllable (ṃ = nasal hum). Tap a Pāli word for its meaning (PTS Pāli-English Dictionary); tap again to open it in the Pāli dictionary.

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1

मज्झिमmaj·jhi·ma निकायni·kā·ya 19

Majjhima Nikāya 19

Middle Discourses 19
2

द्वेधावितक्कसुत्तdve·dhā·vi·tak·ka·sut·ta

Dvedhāvitakkasutta

Two Kinds of Thought
3

एवंe·vaṃ मेme सुतं—su·taṃ

Evaṁ me sutaṁ—

So I have heard.
4

एकंe·kaṃ समयंsa·ma·yaṃ भगवाbha·ga·vā सावत्थियंsā·vat·thi·yaṃ विहरतिvi·ha·ra·ti जेतवनेje·ta·va·ne अनाथपिण्डिकस्सa·nā·tha·piṇ·ḍi·kas·sa आरामे।ā·rā·me

ekaṁ samayaṁ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṁ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme.

At one time the Buddha was staying near Sāvatthī in Jeta’s Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s monastery.
5

तत्रtat·ra खोkho भगवाbha·ga·vā भिक्खूbhik·khū आमन्तेसि:ā·man·te·si

Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi:

There the Buddha addressed the mendicants,
6

“भिक्खवो”ति।bhik·kha·vo

“bhikkhavo”ti.

“Mendicants!”
7

“भदन्ते”तिbha·dan·te तेte भिक्खूbhik·khū भगवतोbha·ga·va·to पच्चस्सोसुं।pac·cas·so·suṃ

“Bhadante”ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṁ.

“Venerable sir,” they replied.
8

भगवाbha·ga·vā एतदवोच:e·ta·da·vo·ca

Bhagavā etadavoca:

The Buddha said this:
9

“पुब्बेवpub·be·va मे,me भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve सम्बोधाsam·bo·dhā अनभिसम्बुद्धस्सa·na·bhi·sam·bud·dhas·sa बोधिसत्तस्सेवbo·dhi·sat·tas·se·va सतोsa·to एतदहोसि:e·ta·da·ho·si

“Pubbeva me, bhikkhave, sambodhā anabhisambuddhassa bodhisattasseva sato etadahosi:

“Mendicants, before my awakening—when I was still unawakened but intent on awakening—I thought:
10

‘यन्नूनाहंyan·nū·nā·haṃ द्विधाdvi·dhā कत्वाkat·vā द्विधाdvi·dhā कत्वाkat·vā वितक्केvi·tak·ke विहरेय्यन्’ति।vi·ha·rey·yan

‘yannūnāhaṁ dvidhā katvā dvidhā katvā vitakke vihareyyan’ti.

‘Why don’t I meditate by continually dividing my thoughts into two classes?’
11

सोso खोkho अहं,a·haṃ भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve योyo चायंcā·yaṃ कामवितक्कोkā·ma·vi·tak·ko योyo चca ब्यापादवितक्कोbyā·pā·da·vi·tak·ko योyo चca विहिंसावितक्को—vi·hiṃ·sā·vi·tak·ko

So kho ahaṁ, bhikkhave, yo cāyaṁ kāmavitakko yo ca byāpādavitakko yo ca vihiṁsāvitakko—

So I assigned sensual, malicious, and cruel thoughts
12

इमंi·maṃ एकंe·kaṃ भागमकासिं;bhā·ga·ma·kā·siṃ

imaṁ ekaṁ bhāgamakāsiṁ;

to one class.
13

योyo चायंcā·yaṃ नेक्खम्मवितक्कोnek·kham·ma·vi·tak·ko योyo चca अब्यापादवितक्कोab·yā·pā·da·vi·tak·ko योyo चca अविहिंसावितक्को—a·vi·hiṃ·sā·vi·tak·ko

yo cāyaṁ nekkhammavitakko yo ca abyāpādavitakko yo ca avihiṁsāvitakko—

And I assigned thoughts of renunciation, good will, and harmlessness
14

इमंi·maṃ दुतियंdu·ti·yaṃ भागमकासिं।bhā·ga·ma·kā·siṃ

imaṁ dutiyaṁ bhāgamakāsiṁ.

to the second class.
15

तस्सtas·sa मय्हं,may·haṃ भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve एवंe·vaṃ अप्पमत्तस्सap·pa·mat·tas·sa आतापिनोā·tā·pi·no पहितत्तस्सpa·hi·tat·tas·sa विहरतोvi·ha·ra·to उप्पज्जतिup·paj·ja·ti कामवितक्को।kā·ma·vi·tak·ko

Tassa mayhaṁ, bhikkhave, evaṁ appamattassa ātāpino pahitattassa viharato uppajjati kāmavitakko.

Then, as I meditated—diligent, keen, and resolute—a sensual thought arose.
16

सोso एवंe·vaṃ पजानामि:pa·jā·nā·mi

So evaṁ pajānāmi:

I understood:
17

‘उप्पन्नोup·pan·no खोkho मेme अयंa·yaṃ कामवितक्को।kā·ma·vi·tak·ko

‘uppanno kho me ayaṁ kāmavitakko.

‘This sensual thought has arisen in me.
18

सोso चca खोkho अत्तब्याबाधायपिat·tab·yā·bā·dhā·ya·pi संवत्तति,saṃ·vat·ta·ti परब्याबाधायपिpa·rab·yā·bā·dhā·ya·pi संवत्तति,saṃ·vat·ta·ti उभयब्याबाधायपिu·bha·yab·yā·bā·dhā·ya·pi संवत्तति,saṃ·vat·ta·ti पञ्ञानिरोधिकोpañ·ñā·ni·ro·dhi·ko विघातपक्खिकोvi·ghā·ta·pak·khi·ko अनिब्बानसंवत्तनिको’।a·nib·bā·na·saṃ·vat·ta·ni·ko

So ca kho attabyābādhāyapi saṁvattati, parabyābādhāyapi saṁvattati, ubhayabyābādhāyapi saṁvattati, paññānirodhiko vighātapakkhiko anibbānasaṁvattaniko’.

It leads to hurting myself, hurting others, and hurting both. It blocks wisdom, it’s on the side of distress, and it doesn’t lead to extinguishment.’
19

‘अत्तब्याबाधायat·tab·yā·bā·dhā·ya संवत्तती’तिपिsaṃ·vat·ta·tī मे,me भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve पटिसञ्चिक्खतोpa·ṭi·sañ·cik·kha·to अब्भत्थंab·bhat·thaṃ गच्छति;gac·cha·ti

‘Attabyābādhāya saṁvattatī’tipi me, bhikkhave, paṭisañcikkhato abbhatthaṁ gacchati;

When I reflected that it leads to hurting myself, it went away.
20

‘परब्याबाधायpa·rab·yā·bā·dhā·ya संवत्तती’तिपिsaṃ·vat·ta·tī मे,me भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve पटिसञ्चिक्खतोpa·ṭi·sañ·cik·kha·to अब्भत्थंab·bhat·thaṃ गच्छति;gac·cha·ti

‘parabyābādhāya saṁvattatī’tipi me, bhikkhave, paṭisañcikkhato abbhatthaṁ gacchati;

When I reflected that it leads to hurting others, it went away.
21

‘उभयब्याबाधायu·bha·yab·yā·bā·dhā·ya संवत्तती’तिपिsaṃ·vat·ta·tī मे,me भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve पटिसञ्चिक्खतोpa·ṭi·sañ·cik·kha·to अब्भत्थंab·bhat·thaṃ गच्छति;gac·cha·ti

‘ubhayabyābādhāya saṁvattatī’tipi me, bhikkhave, paṭisañcikkhato abbhatthaṁ gacchati;

When I reflected that it leads to hurting both, it went away.
22

‘पञ्ञानिरोधिकोpañ·ñā·ni·ro·dhi·ko विघातपक्खिकोvi·ghā·ta·pak·khi·ko अनिब्बानसंवत्तनिको’तिपिa·nib·bā·na·saṃ·vat·ta·ni·ko मे,me भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve पटिसञ्चिक्खतोpa·ṭi·sañ·cik·kha·to अब्भत्थंab·bhat·thaṃ गच्छति।gac·cha·ti

‘paññānirodhiko vighātapakkhiko anibbānasaṁvattaniko’tipi me, bhikkhave, paṭisañcikkhato abbhatthaṁ gacchati.

When I reflected that it blocks wisdom, it’s on the side of distress, and it doesn’t lead to extinguishment, it went away.
23

सोso खोkho अहं,a·haṃ भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve उप्पन्नुप्पन्नंup·pan·nup·pan·naṃ कामवितक्कंkā·ma·vi·tak·kaṃ पजहमेवpa·ja·ha·me·va विनोदमेवvi·no·da·me·va ब्यन्तमेवbyan·ta·me·va नंnaṃ अकासिं।a·kā·siṃ

So kho ahaṁ, bhikkhave, uppannuppannaṁ kāmavitakkaṁ pajahameva vinodameva byantameva naṁ akāsiṁ.

So I gave up, dispelled, and eliminated any sensual thoughts that arose.
24

तस्सtas·sa मय्हं,may·haṃ भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve एवंe·vaṃ अप्पमत्तस्सap·pa·mat·tas·sa आतापिनोā·tā·pi·no पहितत्तस्सpa·hi·tat·tas·sa विहरतोvi·ha·ra·to उप्पज्जतिup·paj·ja·ti ब्यापादवितक्कोbyā·pā·da·vi·tak·ko …पे…pe

Tassa mayhaṁ, bhikkhave, evaṁ appamattassa ātāpino pahitattassa viharato uppajjati byāpādavitakko …pe…

Then, as I meditated—diligent, keen, and resolute—a malicious thought arose …
25

उप्पज्जतिup·paj·ja·ti विहिंसावितक्को।vi·hiṃ·sā·vi·tak·ko

uppajjati vihiṁsāvitakko.

a cruel thought arose.
26

सोso एवंe·vaṃ पजानामि:pa·jā·nā·mi

So evaṁ pajānāmi:

I understood:
27

‘उप्पन्नोup·pan·no खोkho मेme अयंa·yaṃ विहिंसावितक्को।vi·hiṃ·sā·vi·tak·ko

‘uppanno kho me ayaṁ vihiṁsāvitakko.

‘This cruel thought has arisen in me.
28

सोso चca खोkho अत्तब्याबाधायपिat·tab·yā·bā·dhā·ya·pi संवत्तति,saṃ·vat·ta·ti परब्याबाधायपिpa·rab·yā·bā·dhā·ya·pi संवत्तति,saṃ·vat·ta·ti उभयब्याबाधायपिu·bha·yab·yā·bā·dhā·ya·pi संवत्तति,saṃ·vat·ta·ti पञ्ञानिरोधिकोpañ·ñā·ni·ro·dhi·ko विघातपक्खिकोvi·ghā·ta·pak·khi·ko अनिब्बानसंवत्तनिको’।a·nib·bā·na·saṃ·vat·ta·ni·ko

So ca kho attabyābādhāyapi saṁvattati, parabyābādhāyapi saṁvattati, ubhayabyābādhāyapi saṁvattati, paññānirodhiko vighātapakkhiko anibbānasaṁvattaniko’.

It leads to hurting myself, hurting others, and hurting both. It blocks wisdom, it’s on the side of distress, and it doesn’t lead to extinguishment.’
29

‘अत्तब्याबाधायat·tab·yā·bā·dhā·ya संवत्तती’तिपिsaṃ·vat·ta·tī मे,me भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve पटिसञ्चिक्खतोpa·ṭi·sañ·cik·kha·to अब्भत्थंab·bhat·thaṃ गच्छति;gac·cha·ti

‘Attabyābādhāya saṁvattatī’tipi me, bhikkhave, paṭisañcikkhato abbhatthaṁ gacchati;

When I reflected that it leads to hurting myself …
30

‘परब्याबाधायpa·rab·yā·bā·dhā·ya संवत्तती’तिपिsaṃ·vat·ta·tī मे,me भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve पटिसञ्चिक्खतोpa·ṭi·sañ·cik·kha·to अब्भत्थंab·bhat·thaṃ गच्छति;gac·cha·ti

‘parabyābādhāya saṁvattatī’tipi me, bhikkhave, paṭisañcikkhato abbhatthaṁ gacchati;

hurting others …
31

‘उभयब्याबाधायu·bha·yab·yā·bā·dhā·ya संवत्तती’तिपिsaṃ·vat·ta·tī मे,me भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve पटिसञ्चिक्खतोpa·ṭi·sañ·cik·kha·to अब्भत्थंab·bhat·thaṃ गच्छति;gac·cha·ti

‘ubhayabyābādhāya saṁvattatī’tipi me, bhikkhave, paṭisañcikkhato abbhatthaṁ gacchati;

hurting both, it went away.
32

‘पञ्ञानिरोधिकोpañ·ñā·ni·ro·dhi·ko विघातपक्खिकोvi·ghā·ta·pak·khi·ko अनिब्बानसंवत्तनिको’तिपिa·nib·bā·na·saṃ·vat·ta·ni·ko मे,me भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve पटिसञ्चिक्खतोpa·ṭi·sañ·cik·kha·to अब्भत्थंab·bhat·thaṃ गच्छति।gac·cha·ti

‘paññānirodhiko vighātapakkhiko anibbānasaṁvattaniko’tipi me, bhikkhave, paṭisañcikkhato abbhatthaṁ gacchati.

When I reflected that it blocks wisdom, it’s on the side of distress, and it doesn’t lead to extinguishment, it went away.
33

सोso खोkho अहं,a·haṃ भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve उप्पन्नुप्पन्नंup·pan·nup·pan·naṃ विहिंसावितक्कंvi·hiṃ·sā·vi·tak·kaṃ पजहमेवpa·ja·ha·me·va विनोदमेवvi·no·da·me·va ब्यन्तमेवbyan·ta·me·va नंnaṃ अकासिं।a·kā·siṃ

So kho ahaṁ, bhikkhave, uppannuppannaṁ vihiṁsāvitakkaṁ pajahameva vinodameva byantameva naṁ akāsiṁ.

So I gave up, dispelled, and eliminated any cruel thoughts that arose.
34

यञ्ञदेव,yañ·ña·de·va भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुbhik·khu बहुलमनुवितक्केतिba·hu·la·ma·nu·vi·tak·ke·ti अनुविचारेति,a·nu·vi·cā·re·ti तथाta·thā तथाta·thā नतिna·ti होतिho·ti चेतसो।ce·ta·so

Yaññadeva, bhikkhave, bhikkhu bahulamanuvitakketi anuvicāreti, tathā tathā nati hoti cetaso.

Whatever a mendicant frequently thinks about and considers becomes their heart’s inclination.
35

कामवितक्कञ्चे,kā·ma·vi·tak·kañ·ce भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुbhik·khu बहुलमनुवितक्केतिba·hu·la·ma·nu·vi·tak·ke·ti अनुविचारेति,a·nu·vi·cā·re·ti पहासिpa·hā·si नेक्खम्मवितक्कं,nek·kham·ma·vi·tak·kaṃ कामवितक्कंkā·ma·vi·tak·kaṃ बहुलमकासि,ba·hu·la·ma·kā·si तस्सtas·sa तंtaṃ कामवितक्कायkā·ma·vi·tak·kā·ya चित्तंcit·taṃ नमति।na·ma·ti

Kāmavitakkañce, bhikkhave, bhikkhu bahulamanuvitakketi anuvicāreti, pahāsi nekkhammavitakkaṁ, kāmavitakkaṁ bahulamakāsi, tassa taṁ kāmavitakkāya cittaṁ namati.

If they often think about and consider sensual thoughts, they’ve given up the thought of renunciation to cultivate sensual thought. Their mind inclines to sensual thoughts.
36

ब्यापादवितक्कञ्चे,byā·pā·da·vi·tak·kañ·ce भिक्खवेbhik·kha·ve …पे…pe

Byāpādavitakkañce, bhikkhave …pe…

If they often think about and consider malicious thoughts … their mind inclines to malicious thoughts.
37

विहिंसावितक्कञ्चे,vi·hiṃ·sā·vi·tak·kañ·ce भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुbhik·khu बहुलमनुवितक्केतिba·hu·la·ma·nu·vi·tak·ke·ti अनुविचारेति,a·nu·vi·cā·re·ti पहासिpa·hā·si अविहिंसावितक्कं,a·vi·hiṃ·sā·vi·tak·kaṃ विहिंसावितक्कंvi·hiṃ·sā·vi·tak·kaṃ बहुलमकासि,ba·hu·la·ma·kā·si तस्सtas·sa तंtaṃ विहिंसावितक्कायvi·hiṃ·sā·vi·tak·kā·ya चित्तंcit·taṃ नमति।na·ma·ti

vihiṁsāvitakkañce, bhikkhave, bhikkhu bahulamanuvitakketi anuvicāreti, pahāsi avihiṁsāvitakkaṁ, vihiṁsāvitakkaṁ bahulamakāsi, tassa taṁ vihiṁsāvitakkāya cittaṁ namati.

If they often think about and consider cruel thoughts … their mind inclines to cruel thoughts.
38

सेय्यथापि,sey·ya·thā·pi भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve वस्सानंvas·sā·naṃ पच्छिमेpac·chi·me मासेmā·se सरदसमयेsa·ra·da·sa·ma·ye किट्ठसम्बाधेkiṭ·ṭha·sam·bā·dhe गोपालकोgo·pā·la·ko गावोgā·vo रक्खेय्य।rak·khey·ya

Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, vassānaṁ pacchime māse saradasamaye kiṭṭhasambādhe gopālako gāvo rakkheyya.

Suppose it’s the last month of the rainy season, in autumn, when the crops grow closely together, and a cowherd must take care of the cattle.
39

सोso ताtā गावोgā·vo ततोta·to ततोta·to दण्डेनdaṇ·ḍe·na आकोटेय्यā·ko·ṭey·ya पटिकोटेय्यpa·ṭi·ko·ṭey·ya सन्निरुन्धेय्यsan·ni·run·dhey·ya सन्निवारेय्य।san·ni·vā·rey·ya

So tā gāvo tato tato daṇḍena ākoṭeyya paṭikoṭeyya sannirundheyya sannivāreyya.

He’d tap and poke them with his staff on this side and that to keep them in check.
40

तंtaṃ किस्सkis·sa हेतु?he·tu

Taṁ kissa hetu?

Why is that?
41

पस्सतिpas·sa·ti हिhi सो,so भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve गोपालकोgo·pā·la·ko ततोनिदानंta·to·ni·dā·naṃ वधंva·dhaṃ वाvā बन्धनंban·dha·naṃ वाvā जानिंjā·niṃ वाvā गरहंga·ra·haṃ वा।vā

Passati hi so, bhikkhave, gopālako tatonidānaṁ vadhaṁ vā bandhanaṁ vā jāniṁ vā garahaṁ vā.

For he sees that if they wander into the crops he could be executed, imprisoned, fined, or condemned.
42

एवमेवe·va·me·va खोkho अहं,a·haṃ भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve अद्दसंad·da·saṃ अकुसलानंa·ku·sa·lā·naṃ धम्मानंdham·mā·naṃ आदीनवंā·dī·na·vaṃ ओकारंo·kā·raṃ सङ्किलेसं,saṅ·ki·le·saṃ कुसलानंku·sa·lā·naṃ धम्मानंdham·mā·naṃ नेक्खम्मेnek·kham·me आनिसंसंā·ni·saṃ·saṃ वोदानपक्खं।vo·dā·na·pak·khaṃ

Evameva kho ahaṁ, bhikkhave, addasaṁ akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ ādīnavaṁ okāraṁ saṅkilesaṁ, kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ nekkhamme ānisaṁsaṁ vodānapakkhaṁ.

In the same way, I saw that unskillful qualities have the drawbacks of sordidness and corruption, and that skillful qualities have the benefit and cleansing power of renunciation.
43

तस्सtas·sa मय्हं,may·haṃ भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve एवंe·vaṃ अप्पमत्तस्सap·pa·mat·tas·sa आतापिनोā·tā·pi·no पहितत्तस्सpa·hi·tat·tas·sa विहरतोvi·ha·ra·to उप्पज्जतिup·paj·ja·ti नेक्खम्मवितक्को।nek·kham·ma·vi·tak·ko

Tassa mayhaṁ, bhikkhave, evaṁ appamattassa ātāpino pahitattassa viharato uppajjati nekkhammavitakko.

Then, as I meditated—diligent, keen, and resolute—a thought of renunciation arose.
44

सोso एवंe·vaṃ पजानामि:pa·jā·nā·mi

So evaṁ pajānāmi:

I understood:
45

‘उप्पन्नोup·pan·no खोkho मेme अयंa·yaṃ नेक्खम्मवितक्को।nek·kham·ma·vi·tak·ko

‘uppanno kho me ayaṁ nekkhammavitakko.

‘This thought of renunciation has arisen in me.
46

सोso चca खोkho नेवत्तब्याबाधायne·vat·tab·yā·bā·dhā·ya संवत्तति,saṃ·vat·ta·ti नna परब्याबाधायpa·rab·yā·bā·dhā·ya संवत्तति,saṃ·vat·ta·ti नna उभयब्याबाधायu·bha·yab·yā·bā·dhā·ya संवत्तति,saṃ·vat·ta·ti पञ्ञावुद्धिकोpañ·ñā·vud·dhi·ko अविघातपक्खिकोa·vi·ghā·ta·pak·khi·ko निब्बानसंवत्तनिको’।nib·bā·na·saṃ·vat·ta·ni·ko

So ca kho nevattabyābādhāya saṁvattati, na parabyābādhāya saṁvattati, na ubhayabyābādhāya saṁvattati, paññāvuddhiko avighātapakkhiko nibbānasaṁvattaniko’.

It doesn’t lead to hurting myself, hurting others, or hurting both. It nourishes wisdom, it’s on the side of freedom from distress, and it leads to extinguishment.’
47

रत्तिञ्चेपिrat·tiñ·ce·pi नं,naṃ भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve अनुवितक्केय्यंa·nu·vi·tak·key·yaṃ अनुविचारेय्यं,a·nu·vi·cā·rey·yaṃ नेवne·va ततोनिदानंta·to·ni·dā·naṃ भयंbha·yaṃ समनुपस्सामि।sa·ma·nu·pas·sā·mi

Rattiñcepi naṁ, bhikkhave, anuvitakkeyyaṁ anuvicāreyyaṁ, neva tatonidānaṁ bhayaṁ samanupassāmi.

If I were to keep on thinking and considering this all night …
48

दिवसञ्चेपिdi·va·sañ·ce·pi नं,naṃ भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve अनुवितक्केय्यंa·nu·vi·tak·key·yaṃ अनुविचारेय्यं,a·nu·vi·cā·rey·yaṃ नेवne·va ततोनिदानंta·to·ni·dā·naṃ भयंbha·yaṃ समनुपस्सामि।sa·ma·nu·pas·sā·mi

Divasañcepi naṁ, bhikkhave, anuvitakkeyyaṁ anuvicāreyyaṁ, neva tatonidānaṁ bhayaṁ samanupassāmi.

all day …
49

रत्तिन्दिवञ्चेपिrat·tin·di·vañ·ce·pi नं,naṃ भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve अनुवितक्केय्यंa·nu·vi·tak·key·yaṃ अनुविचारेय्यं,a·nu·vi·cā·rey·yaṃ नेवne·va ततोनिदानंta·to·ni·dā·naṃ भयंbha·yaṃ समनुपस्सामि।sa·ma·nu·pas·sā·mi

Rattindivañcepi naṁ, bhikkhave, anuvitakkeyyaṁ anuvicāreyyaṁ, neva tatonidānaṁ bhayaṁ samanupassāmi.

all night and day, I see no danger that would come from that.
50

अपिa·pi चca खोkho मेme अतिचिरंa·ti·ci·raṃ अनुवितक्कयतोa·nu·vi·tak·ka·ya·to अनुविचारयतोa·nu·vi·cā·ra·ya·to कायोkā·yo किलमेय्य।ki·la·mey·ya

Api ca kho me aticiraṁ anuvitakkayato anuvicārayato kāyo kilameyya.

Still, thinking and considering for too long would tire my body.
51

कायेkā·ye किलन्तेki·lan·te चित्तंcit·taṃ ऊहञ्ञेय्य।ū·hañ·ñey·ya

Kāye kilante cittaṁ ūhaññeyya.

And when the body is tired, the mind is stressed.
52

ऊहतेū·ha·te चित्तेcit·te आराā·rā चित्तंcit·taṃ समाधिम्हाति।sa·mā·dhim·hā·ti

Ūhate citte ārā cittaṁ samādhimhāti.

And when the mind is stressed, it’s far from immersion.
53

सोso खोkho अहं,a·haṃ भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve अज्झत्तमेवaj·jhat·ta·me·va चित्तंcit·taṃ सण्ठपेमिsaṇ·ṭha·pe·mi सन्निसादेमिsan·ni·sā·de·mi एकोदिंe·ko·diṃ करोमिka·ro·mi समादहामि।sa·mā·da·hā·mi

So kho ahaṁ, bhikkhave, ajjhattameva cittaṁ saṇṭhapemi sannisādemi ekodiṁ karomi samādahāmi.

So I stilled, settled, unified, and immersed my mind internally.
54

तंtaṃ किस्सkis·sa हेतु?he·tu

Taṁ kissa hetu?

Why is that?
55

‘माmā मेme चित्तंcit·taṃ ऊहञ्ञी’ति।ū·hañ·ñī

‘Mā me cittaṁ ūhaññī’ti.

So that my mind would not be stressed.
56

तस्सtas·sa मय्हं,may·haṃ भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve एवंe·vaṃ अप्पमत्तस्सap·pa·mat·tas·sa आतापिनोā·tā·pi·no पहितत्तस्सpa·hi·tat·tas·sa विहरतोvi·ha·ra·to उप्पज्जतिup·paj·ja·ti अब्यापादवितक्कोab·yā·pā·da·vi·tak·ko …पे…pe

Tassa mayhaṁ, bhikkhave, evaṁ appamattassa ātāpino pahitattassa viharato uppajjati abyāpādavitakko …pe…

Then, as I meditated—diligent, keen, and resolute—a thought of good will arose …
57

उप्पज्जतिup·paj·ja·ti अविहिंसावितक्को।a·vi·hiṃ·sā·vi·tak·ko

uppajjati avihiṁsāvitakko.

a thought of harmlessness arose.
58

सोso एवंe·vaṃ पजानामि:pa·jā·nā·mi

So evaṁ pajānāmi:

I understood:
59

‘उप्पन्नोup·pan·no खोkho मेme अयंa·yaṃ अविहिंसावितक्को।a·vi·hiṃ·sā·vi·tak·ko

‘uppanno kho me ayaṁ avihiṁsāvitakko.

‘This thought of harmlessness has arisen in me.
60

सोso चca खोkho नेवत्तब्याबाधायne·vat·tab·yā·bā·dhā·ya संवत्तति,saṃ·vat·ta·ti नna परब्याबाधायpa·rab·yā·bā·dhā·ya संवत्तति,saṃ·vat·ta·ti नna उभयब्याबाधायu·bha·yab·yā·bā·dhā·ya संवत्तति,saṃ·vat·ta·ti पञ्ञावुद्धिकोpañ·ñā·vud·dhi·ko अविघातपक्खिकोa·vi·ghā·ta·pak·khi·ko निब्बानसंवत्तनिको’।nib·bā·na·saṃ·vat·ta·ni·ko

So ca kho nevattabyābādhāya saṁvattati, na parabyābādhāya saṁvattati, na ubhayabyābādhāya saṁvattati, paññāvuddhiko avighātapakkhiko nibbānasaṁvattaniko’.

It doesn’t lead to hurting myself, hurting others, or hurting both. It nourishes wisdom, it’s on the side of freedom from distress, and it leads to extinguishment.’
61

रत्तिञ्चेपिrat·tiñ·ce·pi नं,naṃ भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve अनुवितक्केय्यंa·nu·vi·tak·key·yaṃ अनुविचारेय्यं,a·nu·vi·cā·rey·yaṃ नेवne·va ततोनिदानंta·to·ni·dā·naṃ भयंbha·yaṃ समनुपस्सामि।sa·ma·nu·pas·sā·mi

Rattiñcepi naṁ, bhikkhave, anuvitakkeyyaṁ anuvicāreyyaṁ, neva tatonidānaṁ bhayaṁ samanupassāmi.

If I were to keep on thinking and considering this all night …
62

दिवसञ्चेपिdi·va·sañ·ce·pi नं,naṃ भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve अनुवितक्केय्यंa·nu·vi·tak·key·yaṃ अनुविचारेय्यं,a·nu·vi·cā·rey·yaṃ नेवne·va ततोनिदानंta·to·ni·dā·naṃ भयंbha·yaṃ समनुपस्सामि।sa·ma·nu·pas·sā·mi

Divasañcepi naṁ, bhikkhave, anuvitakkeyyaṁ anuvicāreyyaṁ, neva tatonidānaṁ bhayaṁ samanupassāmi.

all day …
63

रत्तिन्दिवञ्चेपिrat·tin·di·vañ·ce·pi नं,naṃ भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve अनुवितक्केय्यंa·nu·vi·tak·key·yaṃ अनुविचारेय्यं,a·nu·vi·cā·rey·yaṃ नेवne·va ततोनिदानंta·to·ni·dā·naṃ भयंbha·yaṃ समनुपस्सामि।sa·ma·nu·pas·sā·mi

Rattindivañcepi naṁ, bhikkhave, anuvitakkeyyaṁ anuvicāreyyaṁ, neva tatonidānaṁ bhayaṁ samanupassāmi.

all night and day, I see no danger that would come from that.
64

अपिa·pi चca खोkho मेme अतिचिरंa·ti·ci·raṃ अनुवितक्कयतोa·nu·vi·tak·ka·ya·to अनुविचारयतोa·nu·vi·cā·ra·ya·to कायोkā·yo किलमेय्य।ki·la·mey·ya

Api ca kho me aticiraṁ anuvitakkayato anuvicārayato kāyo kilameyya.

Still, thinking and considering for too long would tire my body.
65

कायेkā·ye किलन्तेki·lan·te चित्तंcit·taṃ ऊहञ्ञेय्य।ū·hañ·ñey·ya

Kāye kilante cittaṁ ūhaññeyya.

And when the body is tired, the mind is stressed.
66

ऊहतेū·ha·te चित्तेcit·te आराā·rā चित्तंcit·taṃ समाधिम्हाति।sa·mā·dhim·hā·ti

Ūhate citte ārā cittaṁ samādhimhāti.

And when the mind is stressed, it’s far from immersion.
67

सोso खोkho अहं,a·haṃ भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve अज्झत्तमेवaj·jhat·ta·me·va चित्तंcit·taṃ सण्ठपेमि,saṇ·ṭha·pe·mi सन्निसादेमि,san·ni·sā·de·mi एकोदिंe·ko·diṃ करोमिka·ro·mi समादहामि।sa·mā·da·hā·mi

So kho ahaṁ, bhikkhave, ajjhattameva cittaṁ saṇṭhapemi, sannisādemi, ekodiṁ karomi samādahāmi.

So I stilled, settled, unified, and immersed my mind internally.
68

तंtaṃ किस्सkis·sa हेतु?he·tu

Taṁ kissa hetu?

Why is that?
69

‘माmā मेme चित्तंcit·taṃ ऊहञ्ञी’ति।ū·hañ·ñī

‘Mā me cittaṁ ūhaññī’ti.

So that my mind would not be stressed.
70

यञ्ञदेव,yañ·ña·de·va भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुbhik·khu बहुलमनुवितक्केतिba·hu·la·ma·nu·vi·tak·ke·ti अनुविचारेति,a·nu·vi·cā·re·ti तथाta·thā तथाta·thā नतिna·ti होतिho·ti चेतसो।ce·ta·so

Yaññadeva, bhikkhave, bhikkhu bahulamanuvitakketi anuvicāreti, tathā tathā nati hoti cetaso.

Whatever a mendicant frequently thinks about and considers becomes their heart’s inclination.
71

नेक्खम्मवितक्कञ्चे,nek·kham·ma·vi·tak·kañ·ce भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुbhik·khu बहुलमनुवितक्केतिba·hu·la·ma·nu·vi·tak·ke·ti अनुविचारेति,a·nu·vi·cā·re·ti पहासिpa·hā·si कामवितक्कं,kā·ma·vi·tak·kaṃ नेक्खम्मवितक्कंnek·kham·ma·vi·tak·kaṃ बहुलमकासि,ba·hu·la·ma·kā·si तस्संtas·saṃ तंtaṃ नेक्खम्मवितक्कायnek·kham·ma·vi·tak·kā·ya चित्तंcit·taṃ नमति।na·ma·ti

Nekkhammavitakkañce, bhikkhave, bhikkhu bahulamanuvitakketi anuvicāreti, pahāsi kāmavitakkaṁ, nekkhammavitakkaṁ bahulamakāsi, tassaṁ taṁ nekkhammavitakkāya cittaṁ namati.

If they often think about and consider thoughts of renunciation, they’ve given up sensual thought to cultivate the thought of renunciation. Their mind inclines to thoughts of renunciation.
72

अब्यापादवितक्कञ्चे,ab·yā·pā·da·vi·tak·kañ·ce भिक्खवेbhik·kha·ve …पे…pe

Abyāpādavitakkañce, bhikkhave …pe…

If they often think about and consider thoughts of good will … their mind inclines to thoughts of good will.
73

अविहिंसावितक्कञ्चे,a·vi·hiṃ·sā·vi·tak·kañ·ce भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve भिक्खुbhik·khu बहुलमनुवितक्केतिba·hu·la·ma·nu·vi·tak·ke·ti अनुविचारेति,a·nu·vi·cā·re·ti पहासिpa·hā·si विहिंसावितक्कं,vi·hiṃ·sā·vi·tak·kaṃ अविहिंसावितक्कंa·vi·hiṃ·sā·vi·tak·kaṃ बहुलमकासि,ba·hu·la·ma·kā·si तस्सtas·sa तंtaṃ अविहिंसावितक्कायa·vi·hiṃ·sā·vi·tak·kā·ya चित्तंcit·taṃ नमति।na·ma·ti

avihiṁsāvitakkañce, bhikkhave, bhikkhu bahulamanuvitakketi anuvicāreti, pahāsi vihiṁsāvitakkaṁ, avihiṁsāvitakkaṁ bahulamakāsi, tassa taṁ avihiṁsāvitakkāya cittaṁ namati.

If they often think about and consider thoughts of harmlessness … their mind inclines to thoughts of harmlessness.
74

सेय्यथापि,sey·ya·thā·pi भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve गिम्हानंgim·hā·naṃ पच्छिमेpac·chi·me मासेmā·se सब्बसस्सेसुsab·ba·sas·se·su गामन्तसम्भतेसुgā·man·ta·sam·bha·te·su गोपालकोgo·pā·la·ko गावोgā·vo रक्खेय्य,rak·khey·ya तस्सtas·sa रुक्खमूलगतस्सruk·kha·mū·la·ga·tas·sa वाvā अब्भोकासगतस्सab·bho·kā·sa·ga·tas·sa वाvā सतिकरणीयमेवsa·ti·ka·ra·ṇī·ya·me·va होति:ho·ti

Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, gimhānaṁ pacchime māse sabbasassesu gāmantasambhatesu gopālako gāvo rakkheyya, tassa rukkhamūlagatassa vā abbhokāsagatassa vā satikaraṇīyameva hoti:

Suppose it’s the last month of summer, when all the crops have been gathered within a village, and a cowherd must take care of the cattle. While at the root of a tree or in the open he need only be mindful that
75

‘एताe·tā गावो’ति।gā·vo

‘etā gāvo’ti.

the cattle are there.
76

एवमेवंe·va·me·vaṃ खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve सतिकरणीयमेवsa·ti·ka·ra·ṇī·ya·me·va अहोसि:a·ho·si

Evamevaṁ kho, bhikkhave, satikaraṇīyameva ahosi:

In the same way I needed only to be mindful that
77

‘एतेe·te धम्मा’ति।dham·mā

‘ete dhammā’ti.

those things were there.
78

आरद्धंā·rad·dhaṃ खोkho पनpa·na मे,me भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve वीरियंvī·ri·yaṃ अहोसिa·ho·si असल्लीनं,a·sal·lī·naṃ उपट्ठिताu·paṭ·ṭhi·tā सतिsa·ti असम्मुट्ठा,a·sam·muṭ·ṭhā पस्सद्धोpas·sad·dho कायोkā·yo असारद्धो,a·sā·rad·dho समाहितंsa·mā·hi·taṃ चित्तंcit·taṃ एकग्गं।e·kag·gaṃ

Āraddhaṁ kho pana me, bhikkhave, vīriyaṁ ahosi asallīnaṁ, upaṭṭhitā sati asammuṭṭhā, passaddho kāyo asāraddho, samāhitaṁ cittaṁ ekaggaṁ.

My energy was roused up and unflagging, my mindfulness was established and lucid, my body was tranquil and undisturbed, and my mind was immersed and unified in samādhi.
79

सोso खोkho अहं,a·haṃ भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve विविच्चेवvi·vic·ce·va कामेहिkā·me·hi विविच्चvi·vic·ca अकुसलेहिa·ku·sa·le·hi धम्मेहिdham·me·hi सवितक्कंsa·vi·tak·kaṃ सविचारंsa·vi·cā·raṃ विवेकजंvi·ve·ka·jaṃ पीतिसुखंpī·ti·su·khaṃ पठमंpa·ṭha·maṃ झानंjhā·naṃ उपसम्पज्जu·pa·sam·paj·ja विहासिं।vi·hā·siṃ

So kho ahaṁ, bhikkhave, vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṁ savicāraṁ vivekajaṁ pītisukhaṁ paṭhamaṁ jhānaṁ upasampajja vihāsiṁ.

Quite secluded from sensual pleasures, secluded from unskillful qualities, I entered and remained in the first absorption, which has the rapture and bliss born of seclusion, while placing the mind and keeping it connected.
80

वितक्कविचारानंvi·tak·ka·vi·cā·rā·naṃ वूपसमाvū·pa·sa·mā अज्झत्तंaj·jhat·taṃ सम्पसादनंsam·pa·sā·da·naṃ चेतसोce·ta·so एकोदिभावंe·ko·di·bhā·vaṃ अवितक्कंa·vi·tak·kaṃ अविचारंa·vi·cā·raṃ समाधिजंsa·mā·dhi·jaṃ पीतिसुखंpī·ti·su·khaṃ दुतियंdu·ti·yaṃ झानंjhā·naṃ उपसम्पज्जu·pa·sam·paj·ja विहासिं।vi·hā·siṃ

Vitakkavicārānaṁ vūpasamā ajjhattaṁ sampasādanaṁ cetaso ekodibhāvaṁ avitakkaṁ avicāraṁ samādhijaṁ pītisukhaṁ dutiyaṁ jhānaṁ upasampajja vihāsiṁ.

As the placing of the mind and keeping it connected were stilled, I entered and remained in the second absorption, which has the rapture and bliss born of immersion, with internal clarity and mind at one, without placing the mind and keeping it connected.
81

पीतियाpī·ti·yā चca विरागाvi·rā·gā उपेक्खकोu·pek·kha·ko चca विहासिंvi·hā·siṃ सतोsa·to चca सम्पजानो,sam·pa·jā·no सुखञ्चsu·khañ·ca कायेनkā·ye·na पटिसंवेदेसिं,pa·ṭi·saṃ·ve·de·siṃ यंyaṃ तंtaṃ अरियाa·ri·yā आचिक्खन्तिā·cik·khan·ti ‘उपेक्खकोu·pek·kha·ko सतिमाsa·ti·mā सुखविहारी’ति,su·kha·vi·hā·rī ततियंta·ti·yaṃ झानंjhā·naṃ उपसम्पज्जu·pa·sam·paj·ja विहासिं।vi·hā·siṃ

Pītiyā ca virāgā upekkhako ca vihāsiṁ sato ca sampajāno, sukhañca kāyena paṭisaṁvedesiṁ, yaṁ taṁ ariyā ācikkhanti ‘upekkhako satimā sukhavihārī’ti, tatiyaṁ jhānaṁ upasampajja vihāsiṁ.

And with the fading away of rapture, I entered and remained in the third absorption, where I meditated with equanimity, mindful and aware, experiencing for themselves the bliss of which the noble ones declare, ‘Equanimous and mindful, one meditates in bliss.’
82

सुखस्सsu·khas·sa चca पहानाpa·hā·nā दुक्खस्सduk·khas·sa चca पहानाpa·hā·nā पुब्बेवpub·be·va सोमनस्सदोमनस्सानंso·ma·nas·sa·do·ma·nas·sā·naṃ अत्थङ्गमाat·thaṅ·ga·mā अदुक्खमसुखंa·duk·kha·ma·su·khaṃ उपेक्खासतिपारिसुद्धिंu·pek·khā·sa·ti·pā·ri·sud·dhiṃ चतुत्थंca·tut·thaṃ झानंjhā·naṃ उपसम्पज्जu·pa·sam·paj·ja विहासिं।vi·hā·siṃ

Sukhassa ca pahānā dukkhassa ca pahānā pubbeva somanassadomanassānaṁ atthaṅgamā adukkhamasukhaṁ upekkhāsatipārisuddhiṁ catutthaṁ jhānaṁ upasampajja vihāsiṁ.

With the giving up of pleasure and pain, and the disappearance of former happiness and sadness, I entered and remained in the fourth absorption, without pleasure or pain, with pure equanimity and mindfulness.
83

सोso एवंe·vaṃ समाहितेsa·mā·hi·te चित्तेcit·te परिसुद्धेpa·ri·sud·dhe परियोदातेpa·ri·yo·dā·te अनङ्गणेa·naṅ·ga·ṇe विगतूपक्किलेसेvi·ga·tū·pak·ki·le·se मुदुभूतेmu·du·bhū·te कम्मनियेkam·ma·ni·ye ठितेṭhi·te आनेञ्जप्पत्तेā·neñ·jap·pat·te पुब्बेनिवासानुस्सतिञाणायpub·be·ni·vā·sā·nus·sa·ti·ñā·ṇā·ya चित्तंcit·taṃ अभिनिन्नामेसिं।a·bhi·nin·nā·me·siṃ

So evaṁ samāhite citte parisuddhe pariyodāte anaṅgaṇe vigatūpakkilese mudubhūte kammaniye ṭhite āneñjappatte pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇāya cittaṁ abhininnāmesiṁ.

When my mind had immersed in samādhi like this—purified, bright, flawless, rid of corruptions, pliable, workable, steady, and imperturbable—I extended it toward recollection of past lives.
84

सोso अनेकविहितंa·ne·ka·vi·hi·taṃ पुब्बेनिवासंpub·be·ni·vā·saṃ अनुस्सरामि।a·nus·sa·rā·mi सेय्यथिदं—एकम्पिsey·ya·thi·daṃ जातिंjā·tiṃ …पे…pe इतिi·ti साकारंsā·kā·raṃ सउद्देसंsa·ud·de·saṃ अनेकविहितंa·ne·ka·vi·hi·taṃ पुब्बेनिवासंpub·be·ni·vā·saṃ अनुस्सरामि।a·nus·sa·rā·mi

So anekavihitaṁ pubbenivāsaṁ anussarāmi. Seyyathidaṁ—ekampi jātiṁ …pe… iti sākāraṁ sauddesaṁ anekavihitaṁ pubbenivāsaṁ anussarāmi.

I recollected many kinds of past lives, with features and details.
85

अयंa·yaṃ खोkho मे,me भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve रत्तियाrat·ti·yā पठमेpa·ṭha·me यामेyā·me पठमाpa·ṭha·mā विज्जाvij·jā अधिगता;a·dhi·ga·tā

Ayaṁ kho me, bhikkhave, rattiyā paṭhame yāme paṭhamā vijjā adhigatā;

This was the first knowledge, which I achieved in the first watch of the night.
86

अविज्जाa·vij·jā विहताvi·ha·tā विज्जाvij·jā उप्पन्ना;up·pan·nā तमोta·mo विहतोvi·ha·to आलोकोā·lo·ko उप्पन्नो;up·pan·no यथाya·thā तंtaṃ अप्पमत्तस्सap·pa·mat·tas·sa आतापिनोā·tā·pi·no पहितत्तस्सpa·hi·tat·tas·sa विहरतो।vi·ha·ra·to

avijjā vihatā vijjā uppannā; tamo vihato āloko uppanno; yathā taṁ appamattassa ātāpino pahitattassa viharato.

Ignorance was banished and knowledge arose; darkness was banished and light arose, as happens for a meditator who is diligent, keen, and resolute.
87

सोso एवंe·vaṃ समाहितेsa·mā·hi·te चित्तेcit·te परिसुद्धेpa·ri·sud·dhe परियोदातेpa·ri·yo·dā·te अनङ्गणेa·naṅ·ga·ṇe विगतूपक्किलेसेvi·ga·tū·pak·ki·le·se मुदुभूतेmu·du·bhū·te कम्मनियेkam·ma·ni·ye ठितेṭhi·te आनेञ्जप्पत्तेā·neñ·jap·pat·te सत्तानंsat·tā·naṃ चुतूपपातञाणायcu·tū·pa·pā·ta·ñā·ṇā·ya चित्तंcit·taṃ अभिनिन्नामेसिं।a·bhi·nin·nā·me·siṃ

So evaṁ samāhite citte parisuddhe pariyodāte anaṅgaṇe vigatūpakkilese mudubhūte kammaniye ṭhite āneñjappatte sattānaṁ cutūpapātañāṇāya cittaṁ abhininnāmesiṁ.

When my mind had become immersed in samādhi like this, I extended it toward knowledge of the death and rebirth of sentient beings.
88

सोso दिब्बेनdib·be·na चक्खुनाcak·khu·nā विसुद्धेनvi·sud·dhe·na अतिक्कन्तमानुसकेनa·tik·kan·ta·mā·nu·sa·ke·na सत्तेsat·te पस्सामिpas·sā·mi चवमानेca·va·mā·ne उपपज्जमानेu·pa·paj·ja·mā·ne …पे…pe इमेi·me वतva·ta भोन्तोbhon·to सत्ताsat·tā कायदुच्चरितेनkā·ya·duc·ca·ri·te·na समन्नागताsa·man·nā·ga·tā …पे…pe इतिi·ti दिब्बेनdib·be·na चक्खुनाcak·khu·nā विसुद्धेनvi·sud·dhe·na अतिक्कन्तमानुसकेनa·tik·kan·ta·mā·nu·sa·ke·na सत्तेsat·te पस्सामिpas·sā·mi चवमानेca·va·mā·ne उपपज्जमानेu·pa·paj·ja·mā·ne हीनेhī·ne पणीतेpa·ṇī·te सुवण्णेsu·vaṇ·ṇe दुब्बण्णेdub·baṇ·ṇe सुगतेsu·ga·te दुग्गते,dug·ga·te यथाकम्मूपगेya·thā·kam·mū·pa·ge सत्तेsat·te पजानामि।pa·jā·nā·mi

So dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena satte passāmi cavamāne upapajjamāne …pe… ime vata bhonto sattā kāyaduccaritena samannāgatā …pe… iti dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena satte passāmi cavamāne upapajjamāne hīne paṇīte suvaṇṇe dubbaṇṇe sugate duggate, yathākammūpage satte pajānāmi.

With clairvoyance that is purified and superhuman, I saw sentient beings passing away and being reborn—inferior and superior, beautiful and ugly, in a good place or a bad place. I understood how sentient beings pass on according to their deeds.
89

अयंa·yaṃ खोkho मे,me भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve रत्तियाrat·ti·yā मज्झिमेmaj·jhi·me यामेyā·me दुतियाdu·ti·yā विज्जाvij·jā अधिगता;a·dhi·ga·tā

Ayaṁ kho me, bhikkhave, rattiyā majjhime yāme dutiyā vijjā adhigatā;

This was the second knowledge, which I achieved in the middle watch of the night.
90

अविज्जाa·vij·jā विहताvi·ha·tā विज्जाvij·jā उप्पन्ना;up·pan·nā तमोta·mo विहतोvi·ha·to आलोकोā·lo·ko उप्पन्नो;up·pan·no यथाya·thā तंtaṃ अप्पमत्तस्सap·pa·mat·tas·sa आतापिनोā·tā·pi·no पहितत्तस्सpa·hi·tat·tas·sa विहरतो।vi·ha·ra·to

avijjā vihatā vijjā uppannā; tamo vihato āloko uppanno; yathā taṁ appamattassa ātāpino pahitattassa viharato.

Ignorance was banished and knowledge arose; darkness was banished and light arose, as happens for a meditator who is diligent, keen, and resolute.
91

सोso एवंe·vaṃ समाहितेsa·mā·hi·te चित्तेcit·te परिसुद्धेpa·ri·sud·dhe परियोदातेpa·ri·yo·dā·te अनङ्गणेa·naṅ·ga·ṇe विगतूपक्किलेसेvi·ga·tū·pak·ki·le·se मुदुभूतेmu·du·bhū·te कम्मनियेkam·ma·ni·ye ठितेṭhi·te आनेञ्जप्पत्तेā·neñ·jap·pat·te आसवानंā·sa·vā·naṃ खयञाणायkha·ya·ñā·ṇā·ya चित्तंcit·taṃ अभिनिन्नामेसिं।a·bhi·nin·nā·me·siṃ

So evaṁ samāhite citte parisuddhe pariyodāte anaṅgaṇe vigatūpakkilese mudubhūte kammaniye ṭhite āneñjappatte āsavānaṁ khayañāṇāya cittaṁ abhininnāmesiṁ.

When my mind had become immersed in samādhi like this, I extended it toward knowledge of the ending of defilements.
92

सोso ‘इदंi·daṃ दुक्खन्’तिduk·khan यथाभूतंya·thā·bhū·taṃ अब्भञ्ञासिं,ab·bhañ·ñā·siṃ ‘अयंa·yaṃ दुक्खसमुदयो’तिduk·kha·sa·mu·da·yo यथाभूतंya·thā·bhū·taṃ अब्भञ्ञासिं,ab·bhañ·ñā·siṃ ‘अयंa·yaṃ दुक्खनिरोधो’तिduk·kha·ni·ro·dho यथाभूतंya·thā·bhū·taṃ अब्भञ्ञासिं,ab·bhañ·ñā·siṃ ‘अयंa·yaṃ दुक्खनिरोधगामिनीduk·kha·ni·ro·dha·gā·mi·nī पटिपदा’तिpa·ṭi·pa·dā यथाभूतंya·thā·bhū·taṃ अब्भञ्ञासिं।ab·bhañ·ñā·siṃ

So ‘idaṁ dukkhan’ti yathābhūtaṁ abbhaññāsiṁ, ‘ayaṁ dukkhasamudayo’ti yathābhūtaṁ abbhaññāsiṁ, ‘ayaṁ dukkhanirodho’ti yathābhūtaṁ abbhaññāsiṁ, ‘ayaṁ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti yathābhūtaṁ abbhaññāsiṁ.

I truly understood: ‘This is suffering’ … ‘This is the origin of suffering’ … ‘This is the cessation of suffering’ … ‘This is the practice that leads to the cessation of suffering.’
93

‘इमेi·me आसवा’तिā·sa·vā यथाभूतंya·thā·bhū·taṃ अब्भञ्ञासिं,ab·bhañ·ñā·siṃ ‘अयंa·yaṃ आसवसमुदयो’तिā·sa·va·sa·mu·da·yo यथाभूतंya·thā·bhū·taṃ अब्भञ्ञासिं,ab·bhañ·ñā·siṃ ‘अयंa·yaṃ आसवनिरोधो’तिā·sa·va·ni·ro·dho यथाभूतंya·thā·bhū·taṃ अब्भञ्ञासिं,ab·bhañ·ñā·siṃ ‘अयंa·yaṃ आसवनिरोधगामिनीā·sa·va·ni·ro·dha·gā·mi·nī पटिपदा’तिpa·ṭi·pa·dā यथाभूतंya·thā·bhū·taṃ अब्भञ्ञासिं।ab·bhañ·ñā·siṃ

‘Ime āsavā’ti yathābhūtaṁ abbhaññāsiṁ, ‘ayaṁ āsavasamudayo’ti yathābhūtaṁ abbhaññāsiṁ, ‘ayaṁ āsavanirodho’ti yathābhūtaṁ abbhaññāsiṁ, ‘ayaṁ āsavanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti yathābhūtaṁ abbhaññāsiṁ.

I truly understood: ‘These are defilements’ … ‘This is the origin of defilements’ … ‘This is the cessation of defilements’ … ‘This is the practice that leads to the cessation of defilements.’
94

तस्सtas·sa मेme एवंe·vaṃ जानतोjā·na·to एवंe·vaṃ पस्सतोpas·sa·to कामासवापिkā·mā·sa·vā·pi चित्तंcit·taṃ विमुच्चित्थ,vi·muc·cit·tha भवासवापिbha·vā·sa·vā·pi चित्तंcit·taṃ विमुच्चित्थ,vi·muc·cit·tha अविज्जासवापिa·vij·jā·sa·vā·pi चित्तंcit·taṃ विमुच्चित्थ,vi·muc·cit·tha विमुत्तस्मिंvi·mut·tas·miṃ विमुत्तमितिvi·mut·ta·mi·ti ञाणंñā·ṇaṃ अहोसि:a·ho·si

Tassa me evaṁ jānato evaṁ passato kāmāsavāpi cittaṁ vimuccittha, bhavāsavāpi cittaṁ vimuccittha, avijjāsavāpi cittaṁ vimuccittha, vimuttasmiṁ vimuttamiti ñāṇaṁ ahosi:

Knowing and seeing like this, my mind was freed from the defilements of sensuality, desire to be reborn, and ignorance.
95

‘खीणाkhī·ṇā जाति,jā·ti वुसितंvu·si·taṃ ब्रह्मचरियं,brah·ma·ca·ri·yaṃ कतंka·taṃ करणीयं,ka·ra·ṇī·yaṃ नापरंnā·pa·raṃ इत्थत्ताया’तिit·that·tā·yā अब्भञ्ञासिं।ab·bhañ·ñā·siṃ

‘khīṇā jāti, vusitaṁ brahmacariyaṁ, kataṁ karaṇīyaṁ, nāparaṁ itthattāyā’ti abbhaññāsiṁ.

I understood: ‘Rebirth is ended; the spiritual journey has been completed; what had to be done has been done; there is nothing further for this place.’
96

अयंa·yaṃ खोkho मे,me भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve रत्तियाrat·ti·yā पच्छिमेpac·chi·me यामेyā·me ततियाta·ti·yā विज्जाvij·jā अधिगता;a·dhi·ga·tā

Ayaṁ kho me, bhikkhave, rattiyā pacchime yāme tatiyā vijjā adhigatā;

This was the third knowledge, which I achieved in the last watch of the night.
97

अविज्जाa·vij·jā विहताvi·ha·tā विज्जाvij·jā उप्पन्ना;up·pan·nā तमोta·mo विहतोvi·ha·to आलोकोā·lo·ko उप्पन्नो;up·pan·no यथाya·thā तंtaṃ अप्पमत्तस्सap·pa·mat·tas·sa आतापिनोā·tā·pi·no पहितत्तस्सpa·hi·tat·tas·sa विहरतो।vi·ha·ra·to

avijjā vihatā vijjā uppannā; tamo vihato āloko uppanno; yathā taṁ appamattassa ātāpino pahitattassa viharato.

Ignorance was banished and knowledge arose; darkness was banished and light arose, as happens for a meditator who is diligent, keen, and resolute.
98

सेय्यथापि,sey·ya·thā·pi भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve अरञ्ञेa·rañ·ñe पवनेpa·va·ne महन्तंma·han·taṃ निन्नंnin·naṃ पल्ललं।pal·la·laṃ

Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, araññe pavane mahantaṁ ninnaṁ pallalaṁ.

Suppose that in a forested wilderness there was an expanse of low-lying marshes,
99

तमेनंta·me·naṃ महामिगसङ्घोma·hā·mi·ga·saṅ·gho उपनिस्सायu·pa·nis·sā·ya विहरेय्य।vi·ha·rey·ya

Tamenaṁ mahāmigasaṅgho upanissāya vihareyya.

and a large herd of deer lived nearby.
100

तस्सtas·sa कोचिदेवko·ci·de·va पुरिसोpu·ri·so उप्पज्जेय्यup·paj·jey·ya अनत्थकामोa·nat·tha·kā·mo अहितकामोa·hi·ta·kā·mo अयोगक्खेमकामो।a·yo·gak·khe·ma·kā·mo

Tassa kocideva puriso uppajjeyya anatthakāmo ahitakāmo ayogakkhemakāmo.

Then along comes a person who wants to harm, injure, and threaten them.
101

सोso य्वास्सyvās·sa मग्गोmag·go खेमोkhe·mo सोवत्थिकोso·vat·thi·ko पीतिगमनीयोpī·ti·ga·ma·nī·yo तंtaṃ मग्गंmag·gaṃ पिदहेय्य,pi·da·hey·ya विवरेय्यvi·va·rey·ya कुम्मग्गं,kum·mag·gaṃ ओदहेय्यo·da·hey·ya ओकचरं,o·ka·ca·raṃ ठपेय्यṭha·pey·ya ओकचारिकं।o·ka·cā·ri·kaṃ

So yvāssa maggo khemo sovatthiko pītigamanīyo taṁ maggaṁ pidaheyya, vivareyya kummaggaṁ, odaheyya okacaraṁ, ṭhapeyya okacārikaṁ.

They close off the safe, secure path that leads to happiness, and open the wrong path. There they plant domesticated male and female deer as decoys
102

एवञ्हिe·vañ·hi सो,so भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve महामिगसङ्घोma·hā·mi·ga·saṅ·gho अपरेनa·pa·re·na समयेनsa·ma·ye·na अनयब्यसनंa·na·yab·ya·sa·naṃ आपज्जेय्य।ā·paj·jey·ya

Evañhi so, bhikkhave, mahāmigasaṅgho aparena samayena anayabyasanaṁ āpajjeyya.

so that, in due course, that herd of deer would fall to ruin and disaster.
103

तस्सेवtas·se·va खोkho पन,pa·na भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve महतोma·ha·to मिगसङ्घस्सmi·ga·saṅ·ghas·sa कोचिदेवko·ci·de·va पुरिसोpu·ri·so उप्पज्जेय्यup·paj·jey·ya अत्थकामोat·tha·kā·mo हितकामोhi·ta·kā·mo योगक्खेमकामो।yo·gak·khe·ma·kā·mo

Tasseva kho pana, bhikkhave, mahato migasaṅghassa kocideva puriso uppajjeyya atthakāmo hitakāmo yogakkhemakāmo.

Then along comes a person who wants to help keep the herd of deer safe.
104

सोso य्वास्सyvās·sa मग्गोmag·go खेमोkhe·mo सोवत्थिकोso·vat·thi·ko पीतिगमनीयोpī·ti·ga·ma·nī·yo तंtaṃ मग्गंmag·gaṃ विवरेय्य,vi·va·rey·ya पिदहेय्यpi·da·hey·ya कुम्मग्गं,kum·mag·gaṃ ऊहनेय्यū·ha·ney·ya ओकचरं,o·ka·ca·raṃ नासेय्यnā·sey·ya ओकचारिकं।o·ka·cā·ri·kaṃ

So yvāssa maggo khemo sovatthiko pītigamanīyo taṁ maggaṁ vivareyya, pidaheyya kummaggaṁ, ūhaneyya okacaraṁ, nāseyya okacārikaṁ.

They open up the safe, secure path that leads to happiness, and close off the wrong path. They get rid of the decoys
105

एवञ्हिe·vañ·hi सो,so भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve महामिगसङ्घोma·hā·mi·ga·saṅ·gho अपरेनa·pa·re·na समयेनsa·ma·ye·na वुद्धिंvud·dhiṃ विरूळ्हिंvi·rū·ḷhiṃ वेपुल्लंve·pul·laṃ आपज्जेय्य।ā·paj·jey·ya

Evañhi so, bhikkhave, mahāmigasaṅgho aparena samayena vuddhiṁ virūḷhiṁ vepullaṁ āpajjeyya.

so that, in due course, that herd of deer would grow, increase, and mature.
106

उपमाu·pa·mā खोkho मेme अयं,a·yaṃ भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve कताka·tā अत्थस्सat·thas·sa विञ्ञापनाय।viñ·ñā·pa·nā·ya

Upamā kho me ayaṁ, bhikkhave, katā atthassa viññāpanāya.

I’ve made up this simile to make a point.
107

अयंa·yaṃ चेवेत्थce·vet·tha अत्थो—at·tho

Ayaṁ cevettha attho—

And this is what it means.
108

महन्तंma·han·taṃ निन्नंnin·naṃ पल्ललन्तिpal·la·lan·ti खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve कामानमेतंkā·mā·na·me·taṃ अधिवचनं।a·dhi·va·ca·naṃ

mahantaṁ ninnaṁ pallalanti kho, bhikkhave, kāmānametaṁ adhivacanaṁ.

‘An expanse of low-lying marshes’ is a term for sensual pleasures.
109

महामिगसङ्घोतिma·hā·mi·ga·saṅ·gho·ti खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve सत्तानमेतंsat·tā·na·me·taṃ अधिवचनं।a·dhi·va·ca·naṃ

Mahāmigasaṅghoti kho, bhikkhave, sattānametaṁ adhivacanaṁ.

‘A large herd of deer’ is a term for sentient beings.
110

पुरिसोpu·ri·so अनत्थकामोa·nat·tha·kā·mo अहितकामोa·hi·ta·kā·mo अयोगक्खेमकामोतिa·yo·gak·khe·ma·kā·mo·ti खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve मारस्सेतंmā·ras·se·taṃ पापिमतोpā·pi·ma·to अधिवचनं।a·dhi·va·ca·naṃ

Puriso anatthakāmo ahitakāmo ayogakkhemakāmoti kho, bhikkhave, mārassetaṁ pāpimato adhivacanaṁ.

‘A person who wants to harm, injure, and threaten them’ is a term for Māra the Wicked.
111

कुम्मग्गोतिkum·mag·go·ti खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve अट्ठङ्गिकस्सेतंaṭ·ṭhaṅ·gi·kas·se·taṃ मिच्छामग्गस्सmic·chā·mag·gas·sa अधिवचनं,a·dhi·va·ca·naṃ सेय्यथिदं—sey·ya·thi·daṃ

Kummaggoti kho, bhikkhave, aṭṭhaṅgikassetaṁ micchāmaggassa adhivacanaṁ, seyyathidaṁ—

‘The wrong path’ is a term for the wrong eightfold path, that is,
112

मिच्छादिट्ठियाmic·chā·diṭ·ṭhi·yā मिच्छासङ्कप्पस्सmic·chā·saṅ·kap·pas·sa मिच्छावाचायmic·chā·vā·cā·ya मिच्छाकम्मन्तस्सmic·chā·kam·man·tas·sa मिच्छाआजीवस्सmic·chā·ā·jī·vas·sa मिच्छावायामस्सmic·chā·vā·yā·mas·sa मिच्छासतियाmic·chā·sa·ti·yā मिच्छासमाधिस्स।mic·chā·sa·mā·dhis·sa

micchādiṭṭhiyā micchāsaṅkappassa micchāvācāya micchākammantassa micchāājīvassa micchāvāyāmassa micchāsatiyā micchāsamādhissa.

wrong view, wrong purpose, wrong speech, wrong action, wrong livelihood, wrong effort, wrong mindfulness, and wrong immersion.
113

ओकचरोतिo·ka·ca·ro·ti खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve नन्दीरागस्सेतंnan·dī·rā·gas·se·taṃ अधिवचनं।a·dhi·va·ca·naṃ

Okacaroti kho, bhikkhave, nandīrāgassetaṁ adhivacanaṁ.

‘A domesticated male deer’ is a term for greed and relishing.
114

ओकचारिकातिo·ka·cā·ri·kā·ti खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve अविज्जायेतंa·vij·jā·ye·taṃ अधिवचनं।a·dhi·va·ca·naṃ

Okacārikāti kho, bhikkhave, avijjāyetaṁ adhivacanaṁ.

‘A domesticated female deer’ is a term for ignorance.
115

पुरिसोpu·ri·so अत्थकामोat·tha·kā·mo हितकामोhi·ta·kā·mo योगक्खेमकामोतिyo·gak·khe·ma·kā·mo·ti खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve तथागतस्सेतंta·thā·ga·tas·se·taṃ अधिवचनंa·dhi·va·ca·naṃ अरहतोa·ra·ha·to सम्मासम्बुद्धस्स।sam·mā·sam·bud·dhas·sa

Puriso atthakāmo hitakāmo yogakkhemakāmoti kho, bhikkhave, tathāgatassetaṁ adhivacanaṁ arahato sammāsambuddhassa.

‘A person who wants to help keep the herd of deer safe’ is a term for the Realized One, the perfected one, the fully awakened Buddha.
116

खेमोkhe·mo मग्गोmag·go सोवत्थिकोso·vat·thi·ko पीतिगमनीयोतिpī·ti·ga·ma·nī·yo·ti खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve अरियस्सेतंa·ri·yas·se·taṃ अट्ठङ्गिकस्सaṭ·ṭhaṅ·gi·kas·sa मग्गस्सmag·gas·sa अधिवचनं,a·dhi·va·ca·naṃ सेय्यथिदं—sey·ya·thi·daṃ

Khemo maggo sovatthiko pītigamanīyoti kho, bhikkhave, ariyassetaṁ aṭṭhaṅgikassa maggassa adhivacanaṁ, seyyathidaṁ—

‘The safe, secure path that leads to happiness’ is a term for the noble eightfold path, that is:
117

सम्मादिट्ठियाsam·mā·diṭ·ṭhi·yā सम्मासङ्कप्पस्सsam·mā·saṅ·kap·pas·sa सम्मावाचायsam·mā·vā·cā·ya सम्माकम्मन्तस्सsam·mā·kam·man·tas·sa सम्माआजीवस्सsam·mā·ā·jī·vas·sa सम्मावायामस्सsam·mā·vā·yā·mas·sa सम्मासतियाsam·mā·sa·ti·yā सम्मासमाधिस्स।sam·mā·sa·mā·dhis·sa

sammādiṭṭhiyā sammāsaṅkappassa sammāvācāya sammākammantassa sammāājīvassa sammāvāyāmassa sammāsatiyā sammāsamādhissa.

right view, right purpose, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, and right immersion.
118

इतिi·ti खो,kho भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve विवटोvi·va·ṭo मयाma·yā खेमोkhe·mo मग्गोmag·go सोवत्थिकोso·vat·thi·ko पीतिगमनीयो,pī·ti·ga·ma·nī·yo पिहितोpi·hi·to कुम्मग्गो,kum·mag·go ऊहतोū·ha·to ओकचरो,o·ka·ca·ro नासिताnā·si·tā ओकचारिका।o·ka·cā·ri·kā

Iti kho, bhikkhave, vivaṭo mayā khemo maggo sovatthiko pītigamanīyo, pihito kummaggo, ūhato okacaro, nāsitā okacārikā.

So, mendicants, I have opened up the safe, secure path to happiness and closed off the wrong path. And I have got rid of the male and female decoys.
119

यं,yaṃ भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve सत्थाराsat·thā·rā करणीयंka·ra·ṇī·yaṃ सावकानंsā·va·kā·naṃ हितेसिनाhi·te·si·nā अनुकम्पकेनa·nu·kam·pa·ke·na अनुकम्पंa·nu·kam·paṃ उपादाय,u·pā·dā·ya कतंka·taṃ वोvo तंtaṃ मया।ma·yā

Yaṁ, bhikkhave, satthārā karaṇīyaṁ sāvakānaṁ hitesinā anukampakena anukampaṁ upādāya, kataṁ vo taṁ mayā.

Out of sympathy, I’ve done what a teacher should do who wants what’s best for their disciples.
120

एतानि,e·tā·ni भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve रुक्खमूलानि,ruk·kha·mū·lā·ni एतानिe·tā·ni सुञ्ञागारानि;suñ·ñā·gā·rā·ni झायथ,jhā·ya·tha भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve माmā पमादत्थ;pa·mā·dat·tha माmā पच्छाpac·chā विप्पटिसारिनोvip·pa·ṭi·sā·ri·no अहुवत्थ।a·hu·vat·tha अयंa·yaṃ वोvo अम्हाकंam·hā·kaṃ अनुसासनी”ति।a·nu·sā·sa·nī

Etāni, bhikkhave, rukkhamūlāni, etāni suññāgārāni; jhāyatha, bhikkhave, mā pamādattha; mā pacchā vippaṭisārino ahuvattha. Ayaṁ vo amhākaṁ anusāsanī”ti.

Here are these roots of trees, and here are these empty huts. Practice absorption, mendicants! Don’t be negligent! Don’t regret it later! This is my instruction to you.”
121

इदमवोचi·da·ma·vo·ca भगवा।bha·ga·vā

Idamavoca bhagavā.

That is what the Buddha said.
122

अत्तमनाat·ta·ma·nā तेte भिक्खूbhik·khū भगवतोbha·ga·va·to भासितंbhā·si·taṃ अभिनन्दुन्ति।a·bhi·nan·dun·ti

Attamanā te bhikkhū bhagavato bhāsitaṁ abhinandunti.

Satisfied, the mendicants approved what the Buddha said.
123

द्वेधावितक्कसुत्तंdve·dhā·vi·tak·ka·sut·taṃ निट्ठितंniṭ·ṭhi·taṃ नवमं।na·va·maṃ

Dvedhāvitakkasuttaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ navamaṁ.

(Pāli only)

Sources. Sanskrit: Satyavedaḥ, the New Testament in Sanskrit (Calcutta Baptist Missionaries, 1851; J. Wenger’s revision of W. Carey’s version). Digital text © 2018 SanskritBible.in, via eBible.org, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0; changed here: arranged by verse and every word linked to the dictionary (links made automatically). Old Testament Sanskrit: the Old Testament in Sanskrit, Calcutta Baptist Mission Press, 1848–1852 (public domain), read by OCR from the Internet Archive scans of the Boston University School of Theology copy; unproofread, with machine clean-up only. Pāli Canon: Mahāsaṅgīti Tipiṭaka Buddhavasse 2500 (based on the Vipassana Research Institute’s Chaṭṭha Saṅgāyana edition), from SuttaCentral bilara-data, CC0; Devanagari and pronunciation made automatically from the Roman text. Pāli English: Bhikkhu Sujato (suttas) and Bhikkhu Brahmali (Vinaya), SuttaCentral, CC0. Pāli word meanings: the Pali Text Society’s Pali-English Dictionary (Rhys Davids & Stede), corrected reprint © The Pali Text Society, CC BY-NC 3.0, digital text from BuddhaDust; word matching automatic. English: King James Version (1769), public domain; words the translators added are in italics. Word meanings and pronunciations: Monier-Williams, Sanskrit–English Dictionary (1872), via this site’s Sanskrit dictionary (CC BY-SA 4.0); English↔Sanskrit word matches made automatically and may need checking.