Scripture · Sanskrit Bible with the King James Version · the Pāli Canon
Linked Discourses 55 25 संयुत्त निकाय 55।1 25
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Dutiyasaraṇānisakkasutta
Pāli in Devanagari; under each word its Roman pronunciation, syllable by syllable (ṃ = nasal hum). Tap a Pāli word for its meaning (PTS Pāli-English Dictionary); tap again to open it in the Pāli dictionary.
Verse: 12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546474849505152535455565758596061626364656667686970717273747576777879808182838485868788899091 · Hide pronunciation
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Linked Discourses 55.25
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3। सरणानिवग्गsa·ra·ṇā·ni·vag·ga
3. Saraṇānivagga
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कपिलवत्थुनिदानं।ka·pi·la·vat·thu·ni·dā·naṃ
Kapilavatthunidānaṁ.
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“सोतापन्नोso·tā·pan·no अविनिपातधम्मोa·vi·ni·pā·ta·dham·mo नियतोni·ya·to सम्बोधिपरायणो”ति।sam·bo·dhi·pa·rā·ya·ṇo
“sotāpanno avinipātadhammo niyato sambodhiparāyaṇo”ti.
a stream-enterer, not liable to be reborn in the underworld, assured, destined for awakening.
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तत्रtat·ra सुदंsu·daṃ सम्बहुलाsam·ba·hu·lā सक्काsak·kā सङ्गम्मsaṅ·gam·ma समागम्मsa·mā·gam·ma उज्झायन्तिuj·jhā·yan·ti खीयन्तिkhī·yan·ti विपाचेन्ति:vi·pā·cen·ti
Tatra sudaṁ sambahulā sakkā saṅgamma samāgamma ujjhāyanti khīyanti vipācenti:
At that, several Sakyans came together complaining, grumbling, and objecting,
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‘सोतापन्नोso·tā·pan·no अविनिपातधम्मोa·vi·ni·pā·ta·dham·mo नियतोni·ya·to सम्बोधिपरायणो’ति।sam·bo·dhi·pa·rā·ya·ṇo
‘sotāpanno avinipātadhammo niyato sambodhiparāyaṇo’ti.
(Pāli only)
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अथa·tha खोkho महानामोma·hā·nā·mo सक्कोsak·ko येनye·na भगवाbha·ga·vā तेनुपसङ्कमि;te·nu·pa·saṅ·ka·mi उपसङ्कमित्वाu·pa·saṅ·ka·mit·vā भगवन्तंbha·ga·van·taṃ अभिवादेत्वाa·bhi·vā·det·vā एकमन्तंe·ka·man·taṃ निसीदि।ni·sī·di एकमन्तंe·ka·man·taṃ निसिन्नोni·sin·no खोkho महानामोma·hā·nā·mo सक्कोsak·ko भगवन्तंbha·ga·van·taṃ एतदवोच:e·ta·da·vo·ca
Atha kho mahānāmo sakko yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi. Ekamantaṁ nisinno kho mahānāmo sakko bhagavantaṁ etadavoca:
Then Mahānāma the Sakyan went up to the Buddha, bowed, sat down to one side, and told him what had happened. The Buddha said:
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‘सोतापन्नोso·tā·pan·no अविनिपातधम्मोa·vi·ni·pā·ta·dham·mo नियतोni·ya·to सम्बोधिपरायणो’ति।sam·bo·dhi·pa·rā·ya·ṇo
‘sotāpanno avinipātadhammo niyato sambodhiparāyaṇo’ti.
(Pāli only)
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तत्रtat·ra सुदं,su·daṃ भन्ते,bhan·te सम्बहुलाsam·ba·hu·lā सक्काsak·kā सङ्गम्मsaṅ·gam·ma समागम्मsa·mā·gam·ma उज्झायन्तिuj·jhā·yan·ti खीयन्तिkhī·yan·ti विपाचेन्ति:vi·pā·cen·ti
Tatra sudaṁ, bhante, sambahulā sakkā saṅgamma samāgamma ujjhāyanti khīyanti vipācenti:
(Pāli only)
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सोतापन्नोso·tā·pan·no अविनिपातधम्मोa·vi·ni·pā·ta·dham·mo नियतोni·ya·to सम्बोधिपरायणोति।sam·bo·dhi·pa·rā·ya·ṇo·ti
sotāpanno avinipātadhammo niyato sambodhiparāyaṇoti.
(Pāli only)
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सरणानिsa·ra·ṇā·ni सक्कोsak·ko सिक्खायsik·khā·ya अपरिपूरकारीa·pa·ri·pū·ra·kā·rī अहोसी’”ति।a·ho·sī
Saraṇāni sakko sikkhāya aparipūrakārī ahosī’”ti.
(Pāli only)
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“योyo सो,so महानाम,ma·hā·nā·ma दीघरत्तंdī·gha·rat·taṃ उपासकोu·pā·sa·ko बुद्धंbud·dhaṃ सरणंsa·ra·ṇaṃ गतोga·to धम्मंdham·maṃ सरणंsa·ra·ṇaṃ गतोga·to सङ्घंsaṅ·ghaṃ सरणंsa·ra·ṇaṃ गतो,ga·to सोso कथंka·thaṃ विनिपातंvi·ni·pā·taṃ गच्छेय्य।gac·chey·ya
“Yo so, mahānāma, dīgharattaṁ upāsako buddhaṁ saraṇaṁ gato dhammaṁ saraṇaṁ gato saṅghaṁ saraṇaṁ gato, so kathaṁ vinipātaṁ gaccheyya.
“Mahānāma, when a lay follower has for a long time gone for refuge to the Buddha, the teaching, and the Saṅgha, how could they go to the underworld?
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‘दीघरत्तंdī·gha·rat·taṃ उपासकोu·pā·sa·ko बुद्धंbud·dhaṃ सरणंsa·ra·ṇaṃ गतोga·to धम्मंdham·maṃ सरणंsa·ra·ṇaṃ गतोga·to सङ्घंsaṅ·ghaṃ सरणंsa·ra·ṇaṃ गतो’,ga·to सरणानिंsa·ra·ṇā·niṃ सक्कंsak·kaṃ सम्माsam·mā वदमानोva·da·mā·no वदेय्य।va·dey·ya
‘dīgharattaṁ upāsako buddhaṁ saraṇaṁ gato dhammaṁ saraṇaṁ gato saṅghaṁ saraṇaṁ gato’, saraṇāniṁ sakkaṁ sammā vadamāno vadeyya.
have for a long time gone for refuge to the Buddha, the teaching, and the Saṅgha, it’s Sarakāni the Sakyan.
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सरणानि,sa·ra·ṇā·ni महानाम,ma·hā·nā·ma सक्कोsak·ko दीघरत्तंdī·gha·rat·taṃ उपासकोu·pā·sa·ko बुद्धंbud·dhaṃ सरणंsa·ra·ṇaṃ गतोga·to धम्मंdham·maṃ सरणंsa·ra·ṇaṃ गतोga·to सङ्घंsaṅ·ghaṃ सरणंsa·ra·ṇaṃ गतो,ga·to सोso कथंka·thaṃ विनिपातंvi·ni·pā·taṃ गच्छेय्य।gac·chey·ya
Saraṇāni, mahānāma, sakko dīgharattaṁ upāsako buddhaṁ saraṇaṁ gato dhammaṁ saraṇaṁ gato saṅghaṁ saraṇaṁ gato, so kathaṁ vinipātaṁ gaccheyya.
Sarakāni the Sakyan has for a long time gone for refuge to the Buddha, the teaching, and the Saṅgha.
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सोso आसवानंā·sa·vā·naṃ खयाkha·yā अनासवंa·nā·sa·vaṃ चेतोविमुत्तिंce·to·vi·mut·tiṃ पञ्ञाविमुत्तिंpañ·ñā·vi·mut·tiṃ दिट्ठेवdiṭ·ṭhe·va धम्मेdham·me सयंsa·yaṃ अभिञ्ञाa·bhiñ·ñā सच्छिकत्वाsac·chi·kat·vā उपसम्पज्जu·pa·sam·paj·ja विहरति।vi·ha·ra·ti
So āsavānaṁ khayā anāsavaṁ cetovimuttiṁ paññāvimuttiṁ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṁ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati.
They realize the undefiled freedom of heart and freedom by wisdom. And they live having realized it with their own insight in this very life due to the ending of defilements.
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अयम्पिa·yam·pi खो,kho महानाम,ma·hā·nā·ma पुग्गलोpug·ga·lo परिमुत्तोpa·ri·mut·to निरयाni·ra·yā परिमुत्तोpa·ri·mut·to तिरच्छानयोनियाti·rac·chā·na·yo·ni·yā परिमुत्तोpa·ri·mut·to पेत्तिविसयाpet·ti·vi·sa·yā परिमुत्तोpa·ri·mut·to अपायदुग्गतिविनिपाता।a·pā·ya·dug·ga·ti·vi·ni·pā·tā
Ayampi kho, mahānāma, puggalo parimutto nirayā parimutto tiracchānayoniyā parimutto pettivisayā parimutto apāyaduggativinipātā.
This individual is exempt from hell, the animal realm, and the ghost realm. They’re exempt from places of loss, bad places, the underworld.
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सोso पञ्चन्नंpañ·can·naṃ ओरम्भागियानंo·ram·bhā·gi·yā·naṃ संयोजनानंsaṃ·yo·ja·nā·naṃ परिक्खयाpa·rik·kha·yā अन्तरापरिनिब्बायीan·ta·rā·pa·ri·nib·bā·yī होति,ho·ti उपहच्चपरिनिब्बायीu·pa·hac·ca·pa·ri·nib·bā·yī होति,ho·ti असङ्खारपरिनिब्बायीa·saṅ·khā·ra·pa·ri·nib·bā·yī होति,ho·ti ससङ्खारपरिनिब्बायीsa·saṅ·khā·ra·pa·ri·nib·bā·yī होति,ho·ti उद्धंसोतोud·dhaṃ·so·to होतिho·ti अकनिट्ठगामी।a·ka·niṭ·ṭha·gā·mī
So pañcannaṁ orambhāgiyānaṁ saṁyojanānaṁ parikkhayā antarāparinibbāyī hoti, upahaccaparinibbāyī hoti, asaṅkhāraparinibbāyī hoti, sasaṅkhāraparinibbāyī hoti, uddhaṁsoto hoti akaniṭṭhagāmī.
With the ending of the five lower fetters, they’re extinguished between one life and the next … they’re extinguished upon landing … they’re extinguished without extra effort … they’re extinguished with extra effort … they head upstream, going to the Akaniṭṭha realm.
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अयम्पिa·yam·pi खो,kho महानाम,ma·hā·nā·ma पुग्गलोpug·ga·lo परिमुत्तोpa·ri·mut·to निरयाni·ra·yā परिमुत्तोpa·ri·mut·to तिरच्छानयोनियाti·rac·chā·na·yo·ni·yā परिमुत्तोpa·ri·mut·to पेत्तिविसयाpet·ti·vi·sa·yā परिमुत्तोpa·ri·mut·to अपायदुग्गतिविनिपाता।a·pā·ya·dug·ga·ti·vi·ni·pā·tā
Ayampi kho, mahānāma, puggalo parimutto nirayā parimutto tiracchānayoniyā parimutto pettivisayā parimutto apāyaduggativinipātā.
This individual, too, is exempt from hell, the animal realm, and the ghost realm. They’re exempt from places of loss, bad places, the underworld.
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सोso तिण्णंtiṇ·ṇaṃ संयोजनानंsaṃ·yo·ja·nā·naṃ परिक्खयाpa·rik·kha·yā रागदोसमोहानंrā·ga·do·sa·mo·hā·naṃ तनुत्ताta·nut·tā सकदागामीsa·ka·dā·gā·mī होति,ho·ti सकिदेवsa·ki·de·va इमंi·maṃ लोकंlo·kaṃ आगन्त्वाā·gan·tvā दुक्खस्सन्तंduk·khas·san·taṃ करोति।ka·ro·ti
So tiṇṇaṁ saṁyojanānaṁ parikkhayā rāgadosamohānaṁ tanuttā sakadāgāmī hoti, sakideva imaṁ lokaṁ āgantvā dukkhassantaṁ karoti.
With the ending of three fetters, and the weakening of greed, hate, and delusion, they’re a once-returner. They come back to this world once only, then make an end of suffering.
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अयम्पिa·yam·pi खो,kho महानाम,ma·hā·nā·ma पुग्गलोpug·ga·lo परिमुत्तोpa·ri·mut·to निरयाni·ra·yā परिमुत्तोpa·ri·mut·to तिरच्छानयोनियाti·rac·chā·na·yo·ni·yā परिमुत्तोpa·ri·mut·to पेत्तिविसयाpet·ti·vi·sa·yā परिमुत्तोpa·ri·mut·to अपायदुग्गतिविनिपाता।a·pā·ya·dug·ga·ti·vi·ni·pā·tā
Ayampi kho, mahānāma, puggalo parimutto nirayā parimutto tiracchānayoniyā parimutto pettivisayā parimutto apāyaduggativinipātā.
This individual, too, is exempt from hell, the animal realm, and the ghost realm. They’re exempt from places of loss, bad places, the underworld.
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सोso तिण्णंtiṇ·ṇaṃ संयोजनानंsaṃ·yo·ja·nā·naṃ परिक्खयाpa·rik·kha·yā सोतापन्नोso·tā·pan·no होतिho·ti अविनिपातधम्मोa·vi·ni·pā·ta·dham·mo नियतोni·ya·to सम्बोधिपरायणो।sam·bo·dhi·pa·rā·ya·ṇo
So tiṇṇaṁ saṁyojanānaṁ parikkhayā sotāpanno hoti avinipātadhammo niyato sambodhiparāyaṇo.
With the ending of three fetters they’re a stream-enterer, not liable to be reborn in the underworld, assured, destined for awakening.
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अयम्पिa·yam·pi खो,kho महानाम,ma·hā·nā·ma पुग्गलोpug·ga·lo परिमुत्तोpa·ri·mut·to निरयाni·ra·yā परिमुत्तोpa·ri·mut·to तिरच्छानयोनियाti·rac·chā·na·yo·ni·yā परिमुत्तोpa·ri·mut·to पेत्तिविसयाpet·ti·vi·sa·yā परिमुत्तोpa·ri·mut·to अपायदुग्गतिविनिपाता।a·pā·ya·dug·ga·ti·vi·ni·pā·tā
Ayampi kho, mahānāma, puggalo parimutto nirayā parimutto tiracchānayoniyā parimutto pettivisayā parimutto apāyaduggativinipātā.
This individual, too, is exempt from hell, the animal realm, and the ghost realm. They’re exempt from places of loss, bad places, the underworld.
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इधi·dha पन,pa·na महानाम,ma·hā·nā·ma एकच्चोe·kac·co पुग्गलोpug·ga·lo नna हेवhe·va खोkho बुद्धेbud·dhe एकन्तगतोe·kan·ta·ga·to होतिho·ti अभिप्पसन्नोa·bhip·pa·san·no …पे…pe
Idha pana, mahānāma, ekacco puggalo na heva kho buddhe ekantagato hoti abhippasanno …pe…
Take another individual who isn’t sure or devoted to the Buddha …
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सद्धिन्द्रियंsad·dhin·dri·yaṃ …पे…pe पञ्ञिन्द्रियं।pañ·ñin·dri·yaṃ
saddhindriyaṁ …pe… paññindriyaṁ.
the faculties of faith, energy, mindfulness, immersion, and wisdom.
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तथागतप्पवेदिताta·thā·ga·tap·pa·ve·di·tā चस्सcas·sa धम्माdham·mā पञ्ञायpañ·ñā·ya मत्तसोmat·ta·so निज्झानंnij·jhā·naṃ खमन्ति।kha·man·ti
Tathāgatappaveditā cassa dhammā paññāya mattaso nijjhānaṁ khamanti.
And they accept the teachings proclaimed by the Realized One after deliberating them with a degree of wisdom.
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अयम्पिa·yam·pi खो,kho महानाम,ma·hā·nā·ma पुग्गलोpug·ga·lo अगन्ताa·gan·tā निरयंni·ra·yaṃ अगन्ताa·gan·tā तिरच्छानयोनिंti·rac·chā·na·yo·niṃ अगन्ताa·gan·tā पेत्तिविसयंpet·ti·vi·sa·yaṃ अगन्ताa·gan·tā अपायंa·pā·yaṃ दुग्गतिंdug·ga·tiṃ विनिपातं।vi·ni·pā·taṃ
Ayampi kho, mahānāma, puggalo agantā nirayaṁ agantā tiracchānayoniṁ agantā pettivisayaṁ agantā apāyaṁ duggatiṁ vinipātaṁ.
This individual, too, doesn’t go to hell, the animal realm, and the ghost realm. They don’t go to places of loss, bad places, the underworld.
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इधi·dha पन,pa·na महानाम,ma·hā·nā·ma एकच्चोe·kac·co पुग्गलोpug·ga·lo नna हेवhe·va खोkho बुद्धेbud·dhe एकन्तगतोe·kan·ta·ga·to होतिho·ti अभिप्पसन्नोa·bhip·pa·san·no …
Idha pana, mahānāma, ekacco puggalo na heva kho buddhe ekantagato hoti abhippasanno …
Take another individual who isn’t sure or devoted to the Buddha …
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सद्धिन्द्रियंsad·dhin·dri·yaṃ …पे…pe पञ्ञिन्द्रियं।pañ·ñin·dri·yaṃ
saddhindriyaṁ …pe… paññindriyaṁ.
the faculties of faith, energy, mindfulness, immersion, and wisdom.
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अयम्पिa·yam·pi खो,kho महानाम,ma·hā·nā·ma पुग्गलोpug·ga·lo अगन्ताa·gan·tā निरयंni·ra·yaṃ अगन्ताa·gan·tā तिरच्छानयोनिंti·rac·chā·na·yo·niṃ अगन्ताa·gan·tā पेत्तिविसयंpet·ti·vi·sa·yaṃ अगन्ताa·gan·tā अपायंa·pā·yaṃ दुग्गतिंdug·ga·tiṃ विनिपातं।vi·ni·pā·taṃ
Ayampi kho, mahānāma, puggalo agantā nirayaṁ agantā tiracchānayoniṁ agantā pettivisayaṁ agantā apāyaṁ duggatiṁ vinipātaṁ.
This individual, too, doesn’t go to hell, the animal realm, and the ghost realm. They don’t go to places of loss, bad places, the underworld.
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सेय्यथापि,sey·ya·thā·pi महानाम,ma·hā·nā·ma दुक्खेत्तंduk·khet·taṃ दुब्भूमंdub·bhū·maṃ अविहतखाणुकं,a·vi·ha·ta·khā·ṇu·kaṃ बीजानिbī·jā·ni चस्सुcas·su खण्डानिkhaṇ·ḍā·ni पूतीनिpū·tī·ni वातातपहतानिvā·tā·ta·pa·ha·tā·ni असारादानिa·sā·rā·dā·ni असुखसयितानि,a·su·kha·sa·yi·tā·ni देवोde·vo चca नna सम्माsam·mā धारंdhā·raṃ अनुप्पवेच्छेय्य।a·nup·pa·vec·chey·ya
Seyyathāpi, mahānāma, dukkhettaṁ dubbhūmaṁ avihatakhāṇukaṁ, bījāni cassu khaṇḍāni pūtīni vātātapahatāni asārādāni asukhasayitāni, devo ca na sammā dhāraṁ anuppaveccheyya.
Suppose there was a barren field, a barren ground, with uncleared stumps. And you had seeds that were broken, spoiled, weather-damaged, infertile, and ill kept. And the heavens didn’t provide enough rain.
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“एवमेवe·va·me·va खो,kho महानाम,ma·hā·nā·ma इधi·dha धम्मोdham·mo दुरक्खातोdu·rak·khā·to होतिho·ti दुप्पवेदितोdup·pa·ve·di·to अनिय्यानिकोa·niy·yā·ni·ko अनुपसमसंवत्तनिकोa·nu·pa·sa·ma·saṃ·vat·ta·ni·ko असम्मासम्बुद्धप्पवेदितो—a·sam·mā·sam·bud·dhap·pa·ve·di·to
“Evameva kho, mahānāma, idha dhammo durakkhāto hoti duppavedito aniyyāniko anupasamasaṁvattaniko asammāsambuddhappavedito—
“In the same way, take a teaching that’s badly explained and badly propounded, not emancipating, not leading to peace, proclaimed by someone who is not a fully awakened Buddha.
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79
तस्मिञ्चtas·miñ·ca धम्मेdham·me सावकोsā·va·ko विहरतिvi·ha·ra·ti धम्मानुधम्मप्पटिपन्नोdham·mā·nu·dham·map·pa·ṭi·pan·no सामीचिप्पटिपन्नोsā·mī·cip·pa·ṭi·pan·no अनुधम्मचारी—a·nu·dham·ma·cā·rī
Tasmiñca dhamme sāvako viharati dhammānudhammappaṭipanno sāmīcippaṭipanno anudhammacārī—
A disciple remains in such a teaching, practicing in line with that teaching, practicing it properly, living in line with that teaching.
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81
सेय्यथापि,sey·ya·thā·pi महानाम,ma·hā·nā·ma सुखेत्तंsu·khet·taṃ सुभूमंsu·bhū·maṃ सुविहतखाणुकं,su·vi·ha·ta·khā·ṇu·kaṃ बीजानिbī·jā·ni चस्सुcas·su अखण्डानिa·khaṇ·ḍā·ni अपूतीनिa·pū·tī·ni अवातातपहतानिa·vā·tā·ta·pa·ha·tā·ni सारादानिsā·rā·dā·ni सुखसयितानि;su·kha·sa·yi·tā·ni
Seyyathāpi, mahānāma, sukhettaṁ subhūmaṁ suvihatakhāṇukaṁ, bījāni cassu akhaṇḍāni apūtīni avātātapahatāni sārādāni sukhasayitāni;
Suppose there was a fertile field, a fertile ground, well-cleared of stumps. And you had seeds that were intact, unspoiled, not weather-damaged, fertile, and well-kept. And there’s plenty of rainfall.
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82
देवोde·vo चca सम्माsam·mā धारंdhā·raṃ अनुप्पवेच्छेय्य।a·nup·pa·vec·chey·ya
devo ca sammā dhāraṁ anuppaveccheyya.
(Pāli only)
- 83
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85
“एवमेवe·va·me·va खो,kho महानाम,ma·hā·nā·ma इधi·dha धम्मोdham·mo स्वाक्खातोsvāk·khā·to होतिho·ti सुप्पवेदितोsup·pa·ve·di·to निय्यानिकोniy·yā·ni·ko उपसमसंवत्तनिकोu·pa·sa·ma·saṃ·vat·ta·ni·ko सम्मासम्बुद्धप्पवेदितो—sam·mā·sam·bud·dhap·pa·ve·di·to
“Evameva kho, mahānāma, idha dhammo svākkhāto hoti suppavedito niyyāniko upasamasaṁvattaniko sammāsambuddhappavedito—
“In the same way, take a teaching that’s well explained and well propounded, emancipating, leading to peace, proclaimed by someone who is a fully awakened Buddha.
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87
तस्मिञ्चtas·miñ·ca धम्मेdham·me सावकोsā·va·ko विहरतिvi·ha·ra·ti धम्मानुधम्मप्पटिपन्नोdham·mā·nu·dham·map·pa·ṭi·pan·no सामीचिप्पटिपन्नोsā·mī·cip·pa·ṭi·pan·no अनुधम्मचारी—a·nu·dham·ma·cā·rī
Tasmiñca dhamme sāvako viharati dhammānudhammappaṭipanno sāmīcippaṭipanno anudhammacārī—
A disciple remains in such a teaching, practicing in line with that teaching, practicing it properly, living in line with that teaching.
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- 90
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91
पञ्चमं।pañ·ca·maṃ
Pañcamaṁ.
(Pāli only)
Sources. Sanskrit: Satyavedaḥ, the New Testament in Sanskrit (Calcutta Baptist Missionaries, 1851; J. Wenger’s revision of W. Carey’s version). Digital text © 2018 SanskritBible.in, via eBible.org, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0; changed here: arranged by verse and every word linked to the dictionary (links made automatically). Old Testament Sanskrit: the Old Testament in Sanskrit, Calcutta Baptist Mission Press, 1848–1852 (public domain), read by OCR from the Internet Archive scans of the Boston University School of Theology copy; unproofread, with machine clean-up only. Pāli Canon: Mahāsaṅgīti Tipiṭaka Buddhavasse 2500 (based on the Vipassana Research Institute’s Chaṭṭha Saṅgāyana edition), from SuttaCentral bilara-data, CC0; Devanagari and pronunciation made automatically from the Roman text. Pāli English: Bhikkhu Sujato (suttas) and Bhikkhu Brahmali (Vinaya), SuttaCentral, CC0. Pāli word meanings: the Pali Text Society’s Pali-English Dictionary (Rhys Davids & Stede), corrected reprint © The Pali Text Society, CC BY-NC 3.0, digital text from BuddhaDust; word matching automatic. English: King James Version (1769), public domain; words the translators added are in italics. Word meanings and pronunciations: Monier-Williams, Sanskrit–English Dictionary (1872), via this site’s Sanskrit dictionary (CC BY-SA 4.0); English↔Sanskrit word matches made automatically and may need checking.