Scripture · Sanskrit Bible with the King James Version · the Pāli Canon

Acts 27 प्रेरितानां कर्म्मणामाख्यानं 27

Chapter: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 262728

Verse: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 · Show pronunciation

Each verse: the King James English, then the Sanskrit, its transliteration (IAST) and how to say it, syllable by syllable (ṃ = nasal hum, ḥ = soft breath echoing the vowel).
Tap any word to see it in the other language: a Sanskrit word shows its English meaning; an English word underlined shows matching Sanskrit words.

1

जलपथेनास्माकम् इतोलियादेशं प्रति यात्रायां निश्चितायां सत्यां ते यूलियनाम्नो महाराजस्य संघातान्तर्गतस्य सेनापतेः समीपे पौलं तदन्यान् कतिनयजनांश्च समार्पयन्।

jalapathenāsmākam itoliyādeśaṁ prati yātrāyāṁ niścitāyāṁ satyāṁ te yūliyanāmno mahārājasya saṁghātāntargatasya senāpateḥ samīpe paulaṁ tadanyān katinayajanāṁśca samārpayan|

And when it was determined that we should sail into Italy, they delivered Paul and certain other prisoners unto one named Julius, a centurion of Augustus’ band.
2

वयम् आद्रामुत्तीयं पोतमेकम् आरुह्य आशियादेशस्य तटसमीपेन यातुं मतिं कृत्वा लङ्गरम् उत्थाप्य पोतम् अमोचयाम; माकिदनियादेशस्थथिषलनीकीनिवास्यारिस्तार्खनामा कश्चिद् जनोऽस्माभिः सार्द्धम् आसीत्।

vayam ādrāmuttīyaṁ potamekam āruhya āśiyādeśasya taṭasamīpena yātuṁ matiṁ kṛtvā laṅgaram utthāpya potam amocayāma; mākidaniyādeśasthathiṣalanīkīnivāsyāristārkhanāmā kaścid jano'smābhiḥ sārddham āsīt|

And entering into a ship of Adramyttium, we launched, meaning to sail by the coasts of Asia; one Aristarchus, a Macedonian of Thessalonica, being with us.
3

परस्मिन् दिवसे ऽस्माभिः सीदोन्नगरे पोते लागिते तत्र यूलियः सेनापतिः पौलं प्रति सौजन्यं प्रदर्थ्य सान्त्वनार्थं बन्धुबान्धवान् उपयातुम् अनुजज्ञौ।

parasmin divase 'smābhiḥ sīdonnagare pote lāgite tatra yūliyaḥ senāpatiḥ paulaṁ prati saujanyaṁ pradarthya sāntvanārthaṁ bandhubāndhavān upayātum anujajñau|

And the next day we touched at Sidon. And Julius courteously entreated Paul, and gave him liberty to go unto his friends to refresh himself.
4

तस्मात् पोते मोचिते सति सम्मुखवायोः सम्भवाद् वयं कुप्रोपद्वीपस्य तीरसमीपेन गतवन्तः।

tasmāt pote mocite sati sammukhavāyoḥ sambhavād vayaṁ kupropadvīpasya tīrasamīpena gatavantaḥ|

And when we had launched from thence, we sailed under Cyprus, because the winds were contrary.
5

किलिकियायाः पाम्फूलियायाश्च समुद्रस्य पारं गत्वा लूकियादेशान्तर्गतं मुरानगरम् उपातिष्ठाम।

kilikiyāyāḥ pāmphūliyāyāśca samudrasya pāraṁ gatvā lūkiyādeśāntargataṁ murānagaram upātiṣṭhāma|

And when we had sailed over the sea of Cilicia and Pamphylia, we came to Myra, a city of Lycia.
6

तत्स्थानाद् इतालियादेशं गच्छति यः सिकन्दरियानगरस्य पोतस्तं तत्र प्राप्य शतसेनापतिस्तं पोतम् अस्मान् आरोहयत्।

tatsthānād itāliyādeśaṁ gacchati yaḥ sikandariyānagarasya potastaṁ tatra prāpya śatasenāpatistaṁ potam asmān ārohayat|

And there the centurion found a ship of Alexandria sailing into Italy; and he put us therein.
7

ततः परं बहूनि दिनानि शनैः शनैः र्गत्वा क्नीदपार्श्वोपस्थ्तिेः पूर्व्वं प्रतिकूलेन पवनेन वयं सल्मोन्याः सम्मुखम् उपस्थाय क्रीत्युपद्वीपस्य तीरसमीपेन गतवन्तः।

tataḥ paraṁ bahūni dināni śanaiḥ śanaiḥ rgatvā knīdapārśvopasthtiेḥ pūrvvaṁ pratikūlena pavanena vayaṁ salmonyāḥ sammukham upasthāya krītyupadvīpasya tīrasamīpena gatavantaḥ|

And when we had sailed slowly many days, and scarce were come over against Cnidus, the wind not suffering us, we sailed under Crete, over against Salmone;
8

कष्टेन तमुत्तीर्य्य लासेयानगरस्याधः सुन्दरनामकं खातम् उपातिष्ठाम।

kaṣṭena tamuttīryya lāseyānagarasyādhaḥ sundaranāmakaṁ khātam upātiṣṭhāma|

And, hardly passing it, came unto a place which is called The fair havens; nigh whereunto was the city of Lasea.
9

इत्थं बहुतिथः कालो यापित उपवासदिनञ्चातीतं, तत्कारणात् नौवर्त्मनि भयङ्करे सति पौलो विनयेन कथितवान्,

itthaṁ bahutithaḥ kālo yāpita upavāsadinañcātītaṁ, tatkāraṇāt nauvartmani bhayaṅkare sati paulo vinayena kathitavān,

Now when much time was spent, and when sailing was now dangerous, because the fast was now already past, Paul admonished them,
10

हे महेच्छा अहं निश्चयं जानामि यात्रायामस्याम् अस्माकं क्लेशा बहूनामपचयाश्च भविष्यन्ति, ते केवलं पोतसामग्र्योरिति नहि, किन्त्वस्माकं प्राणानामपि।

he mahecchā ahaṁ niścayaṁ jānāmi yātrāyāmasyām asmākaṁ kleśā bahūnāmapacayāśca bhaviṣyanti, te kevalaṁ potasāmagryoriti nahi, kintvasmākaṁ prāṇānāmapi|

And said unto them, Sirs, I perceive that this voyage will be with hurt and much damage, not only of the lading and ship, but also of our lives.
11

तदा शतसेनापतिः पौैेलोक्तवाक्यतोपि कर्णधारस्य पोतवणिजश्च वाक्यं बहुमंस्त।

tadā śatasenāpatiḥ pauैेloktavākyatopi karṇadhārasya potavaṇijaśca vākyaṁ bahumaṁsta|

Nevertheless the centurion believed the master and the owner of the ship, more than those things which were spoken by Paul.
12

तत् खातं शीतकाले वासार्हस्थानं न तस्माद् अवाचीप्रतीचोर्दिशोः क्रीत्याः फैनीकियखातं यातुं यदि शक्नुवन्तस्तर्हि तत्र शीतकालं यापयितुं प्रायेण सर्व्वे मन्त्रयामासुः।

tat khātaṁ śītakāle vāsārhasthānaṁ na tasmād avācīpratīcordiśoḥ krītyāḥ phainīkiyakhātaṁ yātuṁ yadi śaknuvantastarhi tatra śītakālaṁ yāpayituṁ prāyeṇa sarvve mantrayāmāsuḥ|

And because the haven was not commodious to winter in, the more part advised to depart thence also, if by any means they might attain to Phenice, and there to winter; which is an haven of Crete, and lieth toward the south west and north west.
13

ततः परं दक्षिणवायु र्मन्दं वहतीति विलोक्य निजाभिप्रायस्य सिद्धेः सुयोगो भवतीति बुद्ध्वा पोतं मोचयित्वा क्रीत्युपद्वीपस्य तीरसमीपेन चलितवन्तः।

tataḥ paraṁ dakṣiṇavāyu rmandaṁ vahatīti vilokya nijābhiprāyasya siddheḥ suyogo bhavatīti buddhvā potaṁ mocayitvā krītyupadvīpasya tīrasamīpena calitavantaḥ|

And when the south wind blew softly, supposing that they had obtained their purpose, loosing thence, they sailed close by Crete.
14

किन्त्वल्पक्षणात् परमेव उरक्लुदोन्नामा प्रतिकूलः प्रचण्डो वायु र्वहन् पोतेऽलगीत्

kintvalpakṣaṇāt parameva urakludonnāmā pratikūlaḥ pracaṇḍo vāyu rvahan pote'lagīt

But not long after there arose against it a tempestuous wind, called Euroclydon.
15

तस्याभिमुखं गन्तुम् पोतस्याशक्तत्वाद् वयं वायुना स्वयं नीताः।

tasyābhimukhaṁ gantum potasyāśaktatvād vayaṁ vāyunā svayaṁ nītāḥ|

And when the ship was caught, and could not bear up into the wind, we let her drive.
16

अनन्तरं क्लौदीनाम्न उपद्वीपस्य कूलसमीपेन पोतं गमयित्वा बहुना कष्टेन क्षुद्रनावम् अरक्षाम।

anantaraṁ klaudīnāmna upadvīpasya kūlasamīpena potaṁ gamayitvā bahunā kaṣṭena kṣudranāvam arakṣāma|

And running under a certain island which is called Clauda, we had much work to come by the boat:
17

ते तामारुह्य रज्ज्चा पोतस्याधोभागम् अबध्नन् तदनन्तरं चेत् पोतो सैकते लगतीति भयाद् वातवसनान्यमोचयन् ततः पोतो वायुना चालितः।

te tāmāruhya rajjcā potasyādhobhāgam abadhnan tadanantaraṁ cet poto saikate lagatīti bhayād vātavasanānyamocayan tataḥ poto vāyunā cālitaḥ|

Which when they had taken up, they used helps, undergirding the ship; and, fearing lest they should fall into the quicksands, strake sail, and so were driven.
18

किन्तु क्रमशो वायोः प्रबलत्वात् पोतो दोलायमानोऽभवत् परस्मिन् दिवसे पोतस्थानि कतिपयानि द्रव्याणि तोये निक्षिप्तानि।

kintu kramaśo vāyoḥ prabalatvāt poto dolāyamāno'bhavat parasmin divase potasthāni katipayāni dravyāṇi toye nikṣiptāni|

And we being exceedingly tossed with a tempest, the next day they lightened the ship;
19

तृतीयदिवसे वयं स्वहस्तैः पोतसज्जनद्रव्याणि निक्षिप्तवन्तः।

tṛtīyadivase vayaṁ svahastaiḥ potasajjanadravyāṇi nikṣiptavantaḥ|

And the third day we cast out with our own hands the tackling of the ship.
20

ततो बहुदिनानि यावत् सूर्य्यनक्षत्रादीनि समाच्छन्नानि ततो ऽतीव वात्यागमाद् अस्माकं प्राणरक्षायाः कापि प्रत्याशा नातिष्ठत्।

tato bahudināni yāvat sūryyanakṣatrādīni samācchannāni tato 'tīva vātyāgamād asmākaṁ prāṇarakṣāyāḥ kāpi pratyāśā nātiṣṭhat|

And when neither sun nor stars in many days appeared, and no small tempest lay on us, all hope that we should be saved was then taken away.
21

बहुदिनेषु लोकैरनाहारेण यापितेषु सर्व्वेषां साक्षत् पौलस्तिष्ठन् अकथयत्, हे महेच्छाः क्रीत्युपद्वीपात् पोतं न मोचयितुम् अहं पूर्व्वं यद् अवदं तद्ग्रहणं युष्माकम् उचितम् आसीत् तथा कृते युष्माकम् एषा विपद् एषोऽपचयश्च नाघटिष्येताम्।

bahudineṣu lokairanāhāreṇa yāpiteṣu sarvveṣāṁ sākṣat paulastiṣṭhan akathayat, he mahecchāḥ krītyupadvīpāt potaṁ na mocayitum ahaṁ pūrvvaṁ yad avadaṁ tadgrahaṇaṁ yuṣmākam ucitam āsīt tathā kṛte yuṣmākam eṣā vipad eṣo'pacayaśca nāghaṭiṣyetām|

But after long abstinence Paul stood forth in the midst of them, and said, Sirs, ye should have hearkened unto me, and not have loosed from Crete, and to have gained this harm and loss.
22

किन्तु साम्प्रतं युष्मान् विनीय ब्रवीम्यहं, यूयं न क्षुभ्यत युष्माकम् एकस्यापि प्राणिनो हानि र्न भविष्यति, केवलस्य पोतस्य हानि र्भविष्यति।

kintu sāmprataṁ yuṣmān vinīya bravīmyahaṁ, yūyaṁ na kṣubhyata yuṣmākam ekasyāpi prāṇino hāni rna bhaviṣyati, kevalasya potasya hāni rbhaviṣyati|

And now I exhort you to be of good cheer: for there shall be no loss of any man’s life among you, but of the ship.
23

यतो यस्येश्वरस्य लोकोऽहं यञ्चाहं परिचरामि तदीय एको दूतो ह्यो रात्रौ ममान्तिके तिष्ठन् कथितवान्,

yato yasyeśvarasya loko'haṁ yañcāhaṁ paricarāmi tadīya eko dūto hyo rātrau mamāntike tiṣṭhan kathitavān,

For there stood by me this night the angel of God, whose I am, and whom I serve,
24

हे पौल मा भैषीः कैसरस्य सम्मुखे त्वयोपस्थातव्यं; तवैतान् सङ्गिनो लोकान् ईश्वरस्तुभ्यं दत्तवान्।

he paula mā bhaiṣīḥ kaisarasya sammukhe tvayopasthātavyaṁ; tavaitān saṅgino lokān īśvarastubhyaṁ dattavān|

Saying, Fear not, Paul; thou must be brought before Cæsar: and, lo, God hath given thee all them that sail with thee.
25

अतएव हे महेच्छा यूयं स्थिरमनसो भवत मह्यं या कथाकथि सावश्यं घटिष्यते ममैतादृशी विश्वास ईश्वरे विद्यते,

ataeva he mahecchā yūyaṁ sthiramanaso bhavata mahyaṁ yā kathākathi sāvaśyaṁ ghaṭiṣyate mamaitādṛśī viśvāsa īśvare vidyate,

Wherefore, sirs, be of good cheer: for I believe God, that it shall be even as it was told me.
26

किन्तु कस्यचिद् उपद्वीपस्योपरि पतितव्यम् अस्माभिः।

kintu kasyacid upadvīpasyopari patitavyam asmābhiḥ|

Howbeit we must be cast upon a certain island.
27

ततः परम् आद्रियासमुद्रे पोतस्तथैव दोलायमानः सन् इतस्ततो गच्छन् चतुर्दशदिवसस्य रात्रे र्द्वितीयप्रहरसमये कस्यचित् स्थलस्य समीपमुपतिष्ठतीति पोतीयलोका अन्वमन्यन्त।

tataḥ param ādriyāsamudre potastathaiva dolāyamānaḥ san itastato gacchan caturdaśadivasasya rātre rdvitīyapraharasamaye kasyacit sthalasya samīpamupatiṣṭhatīti potīyalokā anvamanyanta|

But when the fourteenth night was come, as we were driven up and down in Adria, about midnight the shipmen deemed that they drew near to some country;
28

ततस्ते जलं परिमाय तत्र विंशति र्व्यामा जलानीति ज्ञातवन्तः। किञ्चिद्दूरं गत्वा पुनरपि जलं परिमितवन्तः। तत्र पञ्चदश व्यामा जलानि दृष्ट्वा

tataste jalaṁ parimāya tatra viṁśati rvyāmā jalānīti jñātavantaḥ| kiñciddūraṁ gatvā punarapi jalaṁ parimitavantaḥ| tatra pañcadaśa vyāmā jalāni dṛṣṭvā

And sounded, and found it twenty fathoms: and when they had gone a little further, they sounded again, and found it fifteen fathoms.
29

चेत् पाषाणे लगतीति भयात् पोतस्य पश्चाद्भागतश्चतुरो लङ्गरान् निक्षिप्य दिवाकरम् अपेक्ष्य सर्व्वे स्थितवन्तः।

cet pāṣāṇe lagatīti bhayāt potasya paścādbhāgataścaturo laṅgarān nikṣipya divākaram apekṣya sarvve sthitavantaḥ|

Then fearing lest we should have fallen upon rocks, they cast four anchors out of the stern, and wished for the day.
30

किन्तु पोतीयलोकाः पोताग्रभागे लङ्गरनिक्षेपं छलं कृत्वा जलधौ क्षुद्रनावम् अवरोह्य पलायितुम् अचेष्टन्त।

kintu potīyalokāḥ potāgrabhāge laṅgaranikṣepaṁ chalaṁ kṛtvā jaladhau kṣudranāvam avarohya palāyitum aceṣṭanta|

And as the shipmen were about to flee out of the ship, when they had let down the boat into the sea, under colour as though they would have cast anchors out of the foreship,
31

ततः पौलः सेनापतये सैन्यगणाय च कथितवान्, एते यदि पोतमध्ये न तिष्ठन्ति तर्हि युष्माकं रक्षणं न शक्यं।

tataḥ paulaḥ senāpataye sainyagaṇāya ca kathitavān, ete yadi potamadhye na tiṣṭhanti tarhi yuṣmākaṁ rakṣaṇaṁ na śakyaṁ|

Paul said to the centurion and to the soldiers, Except these abide in the ship, ye cannot be saved.
32

तदा सेनागणो रज्जून् छित्वा नावं जले पतितुम् अददात्।

tadā senāgaṇo rajjūn chitvā nāvaṁ jale patitum adadāt|

Then the soldiers cut off the ropes of the boat, and let her fall off.
33

प्रभातसमये पौलः सर्व्वान् जनान् भोजनार्थं प्रार्थ्य व्याहरत्, अद्य चतुर्दशदिनानि यावद् यूयम् अपेक्षमाना अनाहाराः कालम् अयापयत किमपि नाभुंग्धं।

prabhātasamaye paulaḥ sarvvān janān bhojanārthaṁ prārthya vyāharat, adya caturdaśadināni yāvad yūyam apekṣamānā anāhārāḥ kālam ayāpayata kimapi nābhuṁgdhaṁ|

And while the day was coming on, Paul besought them all to take meat, saying, This day is the fourteenth day that ye have tarried and continued fasting, having taken nothing.
34

अतो विनयेेऽहं भक्ष्यं भुज्यतां ततो युष्माकं मङ्गलं भविष्यति, युष्माकं कस्यचिज्जनस्य शिरसः केशैकोपि न नंक्ष्यति।

ato vinayeे'haṁ bhakṣyaṁ bhujyatāṁ tato yuṣmākaṁ maṅgalaṁ bhaviṣyati, yuṣmākaṁ kasyacijjanasya śirasaḥ keśaikopi na naṁkṣyati|

Wherefore I pray you to take some meat: for this is for your health: for there shall not an hair fall from the head of any of you.
35

इति व्याहृत्य पौलं पूपं गृहीत्वेश्वरं धन्यं भाषमाणस्तं भंक्त्वा भोक्तुम् आरब्धवान्।

iti vyāhṛtya paulaṁ pūpaṁ gṛhītveśvaraṁ dhanyaṁ bhāṣamāṇastaṁ bhaṁktvā bhoktum ārabdhavān|

And when he had thus spoken, he took bread, and gave thanks to God in presence of them all: and when he had broken it, he began to eat.
36

अनन्तरं सर्व्वे च सुस्थिराः सन्तः खाद्यानि पर्प्यगृह्लन्।

anantaraṁ sarvve ca susthirāḥ santaḥ khādyāni parpyagṛhlan|

Then were they all of good cheer, and they also took some meat.
37

अस्माकं पोते षट्सप्तत्यधिकशतद्वयलोका आसन्।

asmākaṁ pote ṣaṭsaptatyadhikaśatadvayalokā āsan|

And we were in all in the ship two hundred threescore and sixteen souls.
38

सर्व्वेषु लोकेषु यथेष्टं भुक्तवत्सु पोतस्थन् गोधूमान् जलधौ निक्षिप्य तैः पोतस्य भारो लघूकृतः।

sarvveṣu lokeṣu yatheṣṭaṁ bhuktavatsu potasthan godhūmān jaladhau nikṣipya taiḥ potasya bhāro laghūkṛtaḥ|

And when they had eaten enough, they lightened the ship, and cast out the wheat into the sea.
39

दिने जातेऽपि स को देश इति तदा न पर्य्यचीयत; किन्तु तत्र समतटम् एकं खातं दृष्ट्वा यदि शक्नुमस्तर्हि वयं तस्याभ्यन्तरं पोतं गमयाम इति मतिं कृत्वा ते लङ्गरान् छित्त्वा जलधौ त्यक्तवन्तः।

dine jāte'pi sa ko deśa iti tadā na paryyacīyata; kintu tatra samataṭam ekaṁ khātaṁ dṛṣṭvā yadi śaknumastarhi vayaṁ tasyābhyantaraṁ potaṁ gamayāma iti matiṁ kṛtvā te laṅgarān chittvā jaladhau tyaktavantaḥ|

And when it was day, they knew not the land: but they discovered a certain creek with a shore, into the which they were minded, if it were possible, to thrust in the ship.
40

तथा कर्णबन्धनं मोचयित्वा प्रधानं वातवसनम् उत्तोल्य तीरसमीपं गतवन्तः।

tathā karṇabandhanaṁ mocayitvā pradhānaṁ vātavasanam uttolya tīrasamīpaṁ gatavantaḥ|

And when they had taken up the anchors, they committed themselves unto the sea, and loosed the rudder bands, and hoised up the mainsail to the wind, and made toward shore.
41

किन्तु द्वयोः समुद्रयोः सङ्गमस्थाने सैकतोपरि पोते निक्षिप्ते ऽग्रभागे बाधिते पश्चाद्भागे प्रबलतरङ्गोऽलगत् तेन पोतो भग्नः।

kintu dvayoḥ samudrayoḥ saṅgamasthāne saikatopari pote nikṣipte 'grabhāge bādhite paścādbhāge prabalataraṅgo'lagat tena poto bhagnaḥ|

And falling into a place where two seas met, they ran the ship aground; and the forepart stuck fast, and remained unmoveable, but the hinder part was broken with the violence of the waves.
42

तस्माद् बन्दयश्चेद् बाहुभिस्तरन्तः पलायन्ते इत्याशङ्कया सेनागणस्तान् हन्तुम् अमन्त्रयत्;

tasmād bandayaśced bāhubhistarantaḥ palāyante ityāśaṅkayā senāgaṇastān hantum amantrayat;

And the soldiers’ counsel was to kill the prisoners, lest any of them should swim out, and escape.
43

किन्तु शतसेनापतिः पौलं रक्षितुं प्रयत्नं कृत्वा तान् तच्चेष्टाया निवर्त्य इत्यादिष्टवान्, ये बाहुतरणं जानन्ति तेऽग्रे प्रोल्लम्प्य समुद्रे पतित्वा बाहुभिस्तीर्त्त्वा कूलं यान्तु।

kintu śatasenāpatiḥ paulaṁ rakṣituṁ prayatnaṁ kṛtvā tān tacceṣṭāyā nivartya ityādiṣṭavān, ye bāhutaraṇaṁ jānanti te'gre prollampya samudre patitvā bāhubhistīrttvā kūlaṁ yāntu|

But the centurion, willing to save Paul, kept them from their purpose; and commanded that they which could swim should cast themselves first into the sea, and get to land:
44

अपरम् अवशिष्टा जनाः काष्ठं पोतीयं द्रव्यं वा येन यत् प्राप्यते तदवलम्ब्य यान्तु; इत्थं सर्व्वे भूमिं प्राप्य प्राणै र्जीविताः।

aparam avaśiṣṭā janāḥ kāṣṭhaṁ potīyaṁ dravyaṁ vā yena yat prāpyate tadavalambya yāntu; itthaṁ sarvve bhūmiṁ prāpya prāṇai rjīvitāḥ|

And the rest, some on boards, and some on broken pieces of the ship. And so it came to pass, that they escaped all safe to land.

Sources. Sanskrit: Satyavedaḥ, the New Testament in Sanskrit (Calcutta Baptist Missionaries, 1851; J. Wenger’s revision of W. Carey’s version). Digital text © 2018 SanskritBible.in, via eBible.org, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0; changed here: arranged by verse and every word linked to the dictionary (links made automatically). Old Testament Sanskrit: the Old Testament in Sanskrit, Calcutta Baptist Mission Press, 1848–1852 (public domain), read by OCR from the Internet Archive scans of the Boston University School of Theology copy; unproofread, with machine clean-up only. Pāli Canon: Mahāsaṅgīti Tipiṭaka Buddhavasse 2500 (based on the Vipassana Research Institute’s Chaṭṭha Saṅgāyana edition), from SuttaCentral bilara-data, CC0; Devanagari and pronunciation made automatically from the Roman text. Pāli English: Bhikkhu Sujato (suttas) and Bhikkhu Brahmali (Vinaya), SuttaCentral, CC0. Pāli word meanings: the Pali Text Society’s Pali-English Dictionary (Rhys Davids & Stede), corrected reprint © The Pali Text Society, CC BY-NC 3.0, digital text from BuddhaDust; word matching automatic. English: King James Version (1769), public domain; words the translators added are in italics. Word meanings and pronunciations: Monier-Williams, Sanskrit–English Dictionary (1872), via this site’s Sanskrit dictionary (CC BY-SA 4.0); English↔Sanskrit word matches made automatically and may need checking.