Scripture · Sanskrit Bible with the King James Version · the Pāli Canon

Numbered Discourses 3 80 अङ्गुत्तर 3 80

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Cūḷanikāsutta

Pāli in Devanagari; under each word its Roman pronunciation, syllable by syllable (ṃ = nasal hum). Tap a Pāli word for its meaning (PTS Pāli-English Dictionary); tap again to open it in the Pāli dictionary.

Verse: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 · Hide pronunciation

1

अङ्गुत्तरaṅ·gut·ta·ra निकायni·kā·ya 3।80

Aṅguttara Nikāya 3.80

Numbered Discourses 3.80
2

8। आनन्दवग्गā·nan·da·vag·ga

8. Ānandavagga

8. Ānanda
3

चूळनिकासुत्तcū·ḷa·ni·kā·sut·ta

Cūḷanikāsutta

Lesser
4

अथa·tha खोkho आयस्माā·yas·mā आनन्दोā·nan·do येनye·na भगवाbha·ga·vā तेनुपसङ्कमि;te·nu·pa·saṅ·ka·mi उपसङ्कमित्वाu·pa·saṅ·ka·mit·vā भगवन्तंbha·ga·van·taṃ अभिवादेत्वाa·bhi·vā·det·vā एकमन्तंe·ka·man·taṃ निसीदि।ni·sī·di एकमन्तंe·ka·man·taṃ निसिन्नोni·sin·no खोkho आयस्माā·yas·mā आनन्दोā·nan·do भगवन्तंbha·ga·van·taṃ एतदवोच:e·ta·da·vo·ca

Atha kho āyasmā ānando yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi. Ekamantaṁ nisinno kho āyasmā ānando bhagavantaṁ etadavoca:

Then Venerable Ānanda went up to the Buddha, bowed, sat down to one side, and said to him:
5

“सम्मुखाsam·mu·khā मेतं,me·taṃ भन्ते,bhan·te भगवतोbha·ga·va·to सुतंsu·taṃ सम्मुखाsam·mu·khā पटिग्गहितं:pa·ṭig·ga·hi·taṃ

“sammukhā metaṁ, bhante, bhagavato sutaṁ sammukhā paṭiggahitaṁ:

“Sir, I have heard and learned this in the presence of the Buddha:
6

‘भगवतो,bha·ga·va·to आनन्द,ā·nan·da सिखिस्सsi·khis·sa अभिभूa·bhi·bhū नामnā·ma सावकोsā·va·ko ब्रह्मलोकेbrah·ma·lo·ke ठितोṭhi·to सहस्सिलोकधातुंsa·has·si·lo·ka·dhā·tuṃ सरेनsa·re·na विञ्ञापेसी’ति।viñ·ñā·pe·sī

‘bhagavato, ānanda, sikhissa abhibhū nāma sāvako brahmaloke ṭhito sahassilokadhātuṁ sarena viññāpesī’ti.

‘Ānanda, the Buddha Sikhī had a disciple named Abhibhū. Standing in the realm of divinity, he could make his voice heard throughout the thousandfold galaxy.’
7

भगवाbha·ga·vā पन,pa·na भन्ते,bhan·te अरहंa·ra·haṃ सम्मासम्बुद्धोsam·mā·sam·bud·dho कीवतकंkī·va·ta·kaṃ पहोतिpa·ho·ti सरेनsa·re·na विञ्ञापेतुन्”ति?viñ·ñā·pe·tun

Bhagavā pana, bhante, arahaṁ sammāsambuddho kīvatakaṁ pahoti sarena viññāpetun”ti?

I wonder how far a Blessed One, a perfected one, a fully awakened Buddha can make their voice heard?”
8

“सावकोsā·va·ko सो,so आनन्द,ā·nan·da अप्पमेय्याap·pa·mey·yā तथागता”ति।ta·thā·ga·tā

“Sāvako so, ānanda, appameyyā tathāgatā”ti.

“He was a disciple, Ānanda. Realized Ones are immeasurable.”
9

दुतियम्पिdu·ti·yam·pi खोkho आयस्माā·yas·mā आनन्दोā·nan·do भगवन्तंbha·ga·van·taṃ एतदवोच:e·ta·da·vo·ca

Dutiyampi kho āyasmā ānando bhagavantaṁ etadavoca:

For a second time …
10

“सम्मुखाsam·mu·khā मेतं,me·taṃ भन्ते,bhan·te भगवतोbha·ga·va·to सुतंsu·taṃ सम्मुखाsam·mu·khā पटिग्गहितं:pa·ṭig·ga·hi·taṃ

“sammukhā metaṁ, bhante, bhagavato sutaṁ sammukhā paṭiggahitaṁ:

(Pāli only)
11

‘भगवतो,bha·ga·va·to आनन्द,ā·nan·da सिखिस्सsi·khis·sa अभिभूa·bhi·bhū नामnā·ma सावकोsā·va·ko ब्रह्मलोकेbrah·ma·lo·ke ठितोṭhi·to सहस्सिलोकधातुंsa·has·si·lo·ka·dhā·tuṃ सरेनsa·re·na विञ्ञापेसी’ति।viñ·ñā·pe·sī

‘bhagavato, ānanda, sikhissa abhibhū nāma sāvako brahmaloke ṭhito sahassilokadhātuṁ sarena viññāpesī’ti.

(Pāli only)
12

भगवाbha·ga·vā पन,pa·na भन्ते,bhan·te अरहंa·ra·haṃ सम्मासम्बुद्धोsam·mā·sam·bud·dho कीवतकंkī·va·ta·kaṃ पहोतिpa·ho·ti सरेनsa·re·na विञ्ञापेतुन्”ति?viñ·ñā·pe·tun

Bhagavā pana, bhante, arahaṁ sammāsambuddho kīvatakaṁ pahoti sarena viññāpetun”ti?

(Pāli only)
13

“सावकोsā·va·ko सो,so आनन्द,ā·nan·da अप्पमेय्याap·pa·mey·yā तथागता”ति।ta·thā·ga·tā

“Sāvako so, ānanda, appameyyā tathāgatā”ti.

(Pāli only)
14

ततियम्पिta·ti·yam·pi खोkho आयस्माā·yas·mā आनन्दोā·nan·do भगवन्तंbha·ga·van·taṃ एतदवोच:e·ta·da·vo·ca

Tatiyampi kho āyasmā ānando bhagavantaṁ etadavoca:

For a third time, Ānanda said to the Buddha:
15

“सम्मुखाsam·mu·khā मेतं,me·taṃ भन्ते,bhan·te भगवतोbha·ga·va·to सुतंsu·taṃ सम्मुखाsam·mu·khā पटिग्गहितं:pa·ṭig·ga·hi·taṃ

“sammukhā metaṁ, bhante, bhagavato sutaṁ sammukhā paṭiggahitaṁ:

(Pāli only)
16

‘भगवतो,bha·ga·va·to आनन्द,ā·nan·da सिखिस्सsi·khis·sa अभिभूa·bhi·bhū नामnā·ma सावकोsā·va·ko ब्रह्मलोकेbrah·ma·lo·ke ठितोṭhi·to सहस्सिलोकधातुंsa·has·si·lo·ka·dhā·tuṃ सरेनsa·re·na विञ्ञापेसी’ति।viñ·ñā·pe·sī

‘bhagavato, ānanda, sikhissa abhibhū nāma sāvako brahmaloke ṭhito sahassilokadhātuṁ sarena viññāpesī’ti.

(Pāli only)
17

भगवाbha·ga·vā पन,pa·na भन्ते,bhan·te अरहंa·ra·haṃ सम्मासम्बुद्धोsam·mā·sam·bud·dho कीवतकंkī·va·ta·kaṃ पहोतिpa·ho·ti सरेनsa·re·na विञ्ञापेतुन्”ति?viñ·ñā·pe·tun

Bhagavā pana, bhante, arahaṁ sammāsambuddho kīvatakaṁ pahoti sarena viññāpetun”ti?

“… I wonder how far a Blessed One, a perfected one, a fully awakened Buddha can make their voice heard?”
18

“सुताsu·tā ते,te आनन्द,ā·nan·da सहस्सीsa·has·sī चूळनिकाcū·ḷa·ni·kā लोकधातू”ति?lo·ka·dhā·tū

“Sutā te, ānanda, sahassī cūḷanikā lokadhātū”ti?

“Ānanda, have you heard of a thousandfold lesser world system, a galaxy?”
19

“एतस्स,e·tas·sa भगवा,bha·ga·vā कालो;kā·lo एतस्स,e·tas·sa सुगत,su·ga·ta कालो,kā·lo

“Etassa, bhagavā, kālo; etassa, sugata, kālo,

“Now is the time, Blessed One! Now is the time, Holy One!
20

यंyaṃ भगवाbha·ga·vā भासेय्य।bhā·sey·ya भगवतोbha·ga·va·to सुत्वाsut·vā भिक्खूbhik·khū धारेस्सन्ती”ति।dhā·res·san·tī

yaṁ bhagavā bhāseyya. Bhagavato sutvā bhikkhū dhāressantī”ti.

Let the Buddha speak. The mendicants will listen and remember it.”
21

“तेनहानन्द,te·na·hā·nan·da सुणाहिsu·ṇā·hi साधुकंsā·dhu·kaṃ मनसिma·na·si करोहि,ka·ro·hi भासिस्सामी”ति।bhā·sis·sā·mī

“Tenahānanda, suṇāhi sādhukaṁ manasi karohi, bhāsissāmī”ti.

“Well then, Ānanda, listen and apply your mind well, I will speak.”
22

“एवं,e·vaṃ भन्ते”तिbhan·te खोkho आयस्माā·yas·mā आनन्दोā·nan·do भगवतोbha·ga·va·to पच्चस्सोसि।pac·cas·so·si

“Evaṁ, bhante”ti kho āyasmā ānando bhagavato paccassosi.

“Yes, sir,” Ānanda replied.
23

भगवाbha·ga·vā एतदवोच:e·ta·da·vo·ca

Bhagavā etadavoca:

The Buddha said this:
24

“यावता,yā·va·tā आनन्द,ā·nan·da चन्दिमसूरियाcan·di·ma·sū·ri·yā परिहरन्ति,pa·ri·ha·ran·ti दिसाdi·sā भन्तिbhan·ti विरोचना,vi·ro·ca·nā तावtā·va सहस्सधाsa·has·sa·dhā लोको।lo·ko

“Yāvatā, ānanda, candimasūriyā pariharanti, disā bhanti virocanā, tāva sahassadhā loko.

“Ānanda, a galaxy extends a thousand times as far as the moon and sun revolve and the dazzling ones light up the quarters.
25

तस्मिंtas·miṃ सहस्सधाsa·has·sa·dhā लोकेlo·ke सहस्संsa·has·saṃ चन्दानं,can·dā·naṃ सहस्संsa·has·saṃ सूरियानं,sū·ri·yā·naṃ सहस्संsa·has·saṃ सिनेरुपब्बतराजानं,si·ne·ru·pab·ba·ta·rā·jā·naṃ सहस्संsa·has·saṃ जम्बुदीपानं,jam·bu·dī·pā·naṃ सहस्संsa·has·saṃ अपरगोयानानं,a·pa·ra·go·yā·nā·naṃ सहस्संsa·has·saṃ उत्तरकुरूनं,ut·ta·ra·ku·rū·naṃ सहस्संsa·has·saṃ पुब्बविदेहानं,pub·ba·vi·de·hā·naṃ चत्तारिcat·tā·ri महासमुद्दसहस्सानि,ma·hā·sa·mud·da·sa·has·sā·ni चत्तारिcat·tā·ri महाराजसहस्सानि,ma·hā·rā·ja·sa·has·sā·ni सहस्संsa·has·saṃ चातुमहाराजिकानं,cā·tu·ma·hā·rā·ji·kā·naṃ सहस्संsa·has·saṃ तावतिंसानं,tā·va·tiṃ·sā·naṃ सहस्संsa·has·saṃ यामानं,yā·mā·naṃ सहस्संsa·has·saṃ तुसितानं,tu·si·tā·naṃ सहस्संsa·has·saṃ निम्मानरतीनं,nim·mā·na·ra·tī·naṃ सहस्संsa·has·saṃ परनिम्मितवसवत्तीनं,pa·ra·nim·mi·ta·va·sa·vat·tī·naṃ सहस्संsa·has·saṃ ब्रह्मलोकानं—brah·ma·lo·kā·naṃ

Tasmiṁ sahassadhā loke sahassaṁ candānaṁ, sahassaṁ sūriyānaṁ, sahassaṁ sinerupabbatarājānaṁ, sahassaṁ jambudīpānaṁ, sahassaṁ aparagoyānānaṁ, sahassaṁ uttarakurūnaṁ, sahassaṁ pubbavidehānaṁ, cattāri mahāsamuddasahassāni, cattāri mahārājasahassāni, sahassaṁ cātumahārājikānaṁ, sahassaṁ tāvatiṁsānaṁ, sahassaṁ yāmānaṁ, sahassaṁ tusitānaṁ, sahassaṁ nimmānaratīnaṁ, sahassaṁ paranimmitavasavattīnaṁ, sahassaṁ brahmalokānaṁ—

In that galaxy there are a thousand moons, a thousand suns, a thousand Sinerus king of mountains, a thousand Black Plum Tree Lands, a thousand lands west of Godāvarī, a thousand lands north of Kuru, a thousand lands east of Videha, four thousand oceans, four thousand great kings, a thousand realms of the gods of the four great kings, a thousand realms of the gods of the thirty-three, of the gods of Yama, of the joyful gods, of the gods who love to create, of the gods who control what is created by others, and a thousand realms of divinity.
26

अयंa·yaṃ वुच्चतानन्द,vuc·ca·tā·nan·da सहस्सीsa·has·sī चूळनिकाcū·ḷa·ni·kā लोकधातु।lo·ka·dhā·tu

ayaṁ vuccatānanda, sahassī cūḷanikā lokadhātu.

This is called a thousandfold lesser world system, a ‘galaxy’.
27

यावतानन्द,yā·va·tā·nan·da सहस्सीsa·has·sī चूळनिकाcū·ḷa·ni·kā लोकधातुlo·ka·dhā·tu तावtā·va सहस्सधाsa·has·sa·dhā लोको।lo·ko

Yāvatānanda, sahassī cūḷanikā lokadhātu tāva sahassadhā loko.

A world system that extends for a thousand galaxies
28

अयंa·yaṃ वुच्चतानन्द,vuc·ca·tā·nan·da द्विसहस्सीdvi·sa·has·sī मज्झिमिकाmaj·jhi·mi·kā लोकधातु।lo·ka·dhā·tu

Ayaṁ vuccatānanda, dvisahassī majjhimikā lokadhātu.

is called a millionfold middling world system, a ‘galactic cluster’.
29

यावतानन्द,yā·va·tā·nan·da द्विसहस्सीdvi·sa·has·sī मज्झिमिकाmaj·jhi·mi·kā लोकधातुlo·ka·dhā·tu तावtā·va सहस्सधाsa·has·sa·dhā लोको।lo·ko

Yāvatānanda, dvisahassī majjhimikā lokadhātu tāva sahassadhā loko.

A world system that extends for a thousand galactic clusters
30

अयंa·yaṃ वुच्चतानन्द,vuc·ca·tā·nan·da तिसहस्सीti·sa·has·sī महासहस्सीma·hā·sa·has·sī लोकधातु।lo·ka·dhā·tu

Ayaṁ vuccatānanda, tisahassī mahāsahassī lokadhātu.

is called a billionfold great world system, a ‘galactic supercluster’.
31

आकङ्खमानो,ā·kaṅ·kha·mā·no आनन्द,ā·nan·da तथागतोta·thā·ga·to तिसहस्सिमहासहस्सिलोकधातुंti·sa·has·si·ma·hā·sa·has·si·lo·ka·dhā·tuṃ सरेनsa·re·na विञ्ञापेय्य,viñ·ñā·pey·ya यावताyā·va·tā पनpa·na आकङ्खेय्या”ति।ā·kaṅ·khey·yā

Ākaṅkhamāno, ānanda, tathāgato tisahassimahāsahassilokadhātuṁ sarena viññāpeyya, yāvatā pana ākaṅkheyyā”ti.

If he wished, Ānanda, a Realized One could make his voice heard throughout a galactic supercluster, or as far as he wants.”
32

“यथाya·thā कथंka·thaṃ पन,pa·na भन्ते,bhan·te भगवाbha·ga·vā तिसहस्सिमहासहस्सिलोकधातुंti·sa·has·si·ma·hā·sa·has·si·lo·ka·dhā·tuṃ सरेनsa·re·na विञ्ञापेय्य,viñ·ñā·pey·ya यावताyā·va·tā पनpa·na आकङ्खेय्या”ति?ā·kaṅ·khey·yā

“Yathā kathaṁ pana, bhante, bhagavā tisahassimahāsahassilokadhātuṁ sarena viññāpeyya, yāvatā pana ākaṅkheyyā”ti?

“But how would the Buddha make his voice heard so far?”
33

“इधानन्द,i·dhā·nan·da तथागतोta·thā·ga·to तिसहस्सिमहासहस्सिलोकधातुंti·sa·has·si·ma·hā·sa·has·si·lo·ka·dhā·tuṃ ओभासेनo·bhā·se·na फरेय्य।pha·rey·ya

“Idhānanda, tathāgato tisahassimahāsahassilokadhātuṁ obhāsena phareyya.

“First, Ānanda, a Realized One would fill the galactic supercluster with light.
34

यदाya·dā तेte सत्ताsat·tā तंtaṃ आलोकंā·lo·kaṃ सञ्जानेय्युं,sañ·jā·ney·yuṃ अथa·tha तथागतोta·thā·ga·to घोसंgho·saṃ करेय्यka·rey·ya सद्दमनुस्सावेय्य।sad·da·ma·nus·sā·vey·ya

Yadā te sattā taṁ ālokaṁ sañjāneyyuṁ, atha tathāgato ghosaṁ kareyya saddamanussāveyya.

When sentient beings saw the light, the Realized One would project his call so that they’d hear the sound.
35

एवंe·vaṃ खो,kho आनन्द,ā·nan·da तथागतोta·thā·ga·to तिसहस्सिमहासहस्सिलोकधातुंti·sa·has·si·ma·hā·sa·has·si·lo·ka·dhā·tuṃ सरेनsa·re·na विञ्ञापेय्य,viñ·ñā·pey·ya यावताyā·va·tā पनpa·na आकङ्खेय्या”ति।ā·kaṅ·khey·yā

Evaṁ kho, ānanda, tathāgato tisahassimahāsahassilokadhātuṁ sarena viññāpeyya, yāvatā pana ākaṅkheyyā”ti.

That’s how a Realized One could make his voice heard throughout a galactic supercluster, or as far as he wants.”
36

एवंe·vaṃ वुत्ते,vut·te आयस्माā·yas·mā आनन्दोā·nan·do आयस्मन्तंā·yas·man·taṃ उदायिंu·dā·yiṃ एतदवोच:e·ta·da·vo·ca

Evaṁ vutte, āyasmā ānando āyasmantaṁ udāyiṁ etadavoca:

When he said this, Venerable Ānanda said,
37

“लाभाlā·bhā वतva·ta मे,me सुलद्धंsu·lad·dhaṃ वतva·ta मे,me

“lābhā vata me, suladdhaṁ vata me,

“I’m so fortunate, so very fortunate,
38

यस्सyas·sa मेme सत्थाsat·thā एवंमहिद्धिकोe·vaṃ·ma·hid·dhi·ko एवंमहानुभावो”ति।e·vaṃ·ma·hā·nu·bhā·vo

yassa me satthā evaṁmahiddhiko evaṁmahānubhāvo”ti.

to have a teacher with such power and might!”
39

एवंe·vaṃ वुत्ते,vut·te आयस्माā·yas·mā उदायीu·dā·yī आयस्मन्तंā·yas·man·taṃ आनन्दंā·nan·daṃ एतदवोच:e·ta·da·vo·ca

Evaṁ vutte, āyasmā udāyī āyasmantaṁ ānandaṁ etadavoca:

When he said this, Venerable Udāyī said to Venerable Ānanda,
40

“किंkiṃ तुय्हेत्थ,tuy·het·tha आवुसोā·vu·so आनन्द,ā·nan·da यदिya·di तेte सत्थाsat·thā एवंमहिद्धिकोe·vaṃ·ma·hid·dhi·ko एवंमहानुभावो”ति?e·vaṃ·ma·hā·nu·bhā·vo

“kiṁ tuyhettha, āvuso ānanda, yadi te satthā evaṁmahiddhiko evaṁmahānubhāvo”ti?

“What is it to you, Reverend Ānanda, if your teacher has such power and might?”
41

एवंe·vaṃ वुत्ते,vut·te भगवाbha·ga·vā आयस्मन्तंā·yas·man·taṃ उदायिंu·dā·yiṃ एतदवोच:e·ta·da·vo·ca

Evaṁ vutte, bhagavā āyasmantaṁ udāyiṁ etadavoca:

When he said this, the Buddha said to Venerable Udāyī,
42

“माmā हेवं,he·vaṃ उदायि,u·dā·yi माmā हेवं,he·vaṃ उदायि।u·dā·yi

“mā hevaṁ, udāyi, mā hevaṁ, udāyi.

“Not so, Udāyī, not so!
43

सचे,sa·ce उदायि,u·dā·yi आनन्दोā·nan·do अवीतरागोa·vī·ta·rā·go कालंkā·laṃ करेय्य,ka·rey·ya तेनte·na चित्तप्पसादेनcit·tap·pa·sā·de·na सत्तक्खत्तुंsat·tak·khat·tuṃ देवेसुde·ve·su देवरज्जंde·va·raj·jaṃ कारेय्य,kā·rey·ya सत्तक्खत्तुंsat·tak·khat·tuṃ इमस्मिंयेवi·mas·miṃ·ye·va जम्बुदीपेjam·bu·dī·pe महारज्जंma·hā·raj·jaṃ कारेय्य।kā·rey·ya

Sace, udāyi, ānando avītarāgo kālaṁ kareyya, tena cittappasādena sattakkhattuṁ devesu devarajjaṁ kāreyya, sattakkhattuṁ imasmiṁyeva jambudīpe mahārajjaṁ kāreyya.

If Ānanda were to die while still not free of greed, he would rule as king of the gods for seven lifetimes, or as king of the Black Plum Tree Land for seven lifetimes, because of the confidence of his heart.
44

अपिa·pi च,ca उदायि,u·dā·yi आनन्दोā·nan·do दिट्ठेवdiṭ·ṭhe·va धम्मेdham·me परिनिब्बायिस्सती”ति।pa·ri·nib·bā·yis·sa·tī

Api ca, udāyi, ānando diṭṭheva dhamme parinibbāyissatī”ti.

However, Ānanda will be fully extinguished in this very life.”
45

दसमं।da·sa·maṃ

Dasamaṁ.

(Pāli only)
46

आनन्दवग्गोā·nan·da·vag·go ततियो।ta·ti·yo

Ānandavaggo tatiyo.

(Pāli only)
47

तस्सुद्दानंtas·sud·dā·naṃ

Tassuddānaṁ

(Pāli only)
48

छन्नोchan·no आजीवकोā·jī·va·ko सक्को,sak·ko

Channo ājīvako sakko,

(Pāli only)
49

निगण्ठोni·gaṇ·ṭho चca निवेसको;ni·ve·sa·ko

nigaṇṭho ca nivesako;

(Pāli only)
50

दुवेdu·ve भवाbha·vā सीलब्बतं,sī·lab·ba·taṃ

Duve bhavā sīlabbataṁ,

(Pāli only)
51

गन्धजातञ्चgan·dha·jā·tañ·ca चूळनीति।cū·ḷa·nī·ti

gandhajātañca cūḷanīti.

(Pāli only)

Sources. Sanskrit: Satyavedaḥ, the New Testament in Sanskrit (Calcutta Baptist Missionaries, 1851; J. Wenger’s revision of W. Carey’s version). Digital text © 2018 SanskritBible.in, via eBible.org, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0; changed here: arranged by verse and every word linked to the dictionary (links made automatically). Old Testament Sanskrit: the Old Testament in Sanskrit, Calcutta Baptist Mission Press, 1848–1852 (public domain), read by OCR from the Internet Archive scans of the Boston University School of Theology copy; unproofread, with machine clean-up only. Pāli Canon: Mahāsaṅgīti Tipiṭaka Buddhavasse 2500 (based on the Vipassana Research Institute’s Chaṭṭha Saṅgāyana edition), from SuttaCentral bilara-data, CC0; Devanagari and pronunciation made automatically from the Roman text. Pāli English: Bhikkhu Sujato (suttas) and Bhikkhu Brahmali (Vinaya), SuttaCentral, CC0. Pāli word meanings: the Pali Text Society’s Pali-English Dictionary (Rhys Davids & Stede), corrected reprint © The Pali Text Society, CC BY-NC 3.0, digital text from BuddhaDust; word matching automatic. English: King James Version (1769), public domain; words the translators added are in italics. Word meanings and pronunciations: Monier-Williams, Sanskrit–English Dictionary (1872), via this site’s Sanskrit dictionary (CC BY-SA 4.0); English↔Sanskrit word matches made automatically and may need checking.