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Numbered Discourses 5 180 अङ्गुत्तर 5 180

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Gavesīsutta

Pāli in Devanagari; under each word its Roman pronunciation, syllable by syllable (ṃ = nasal hum). Tap a Pāli word for its meaning (PTS Pāli-English Dictionary); tap again to open it in the Pāli dictionary.

Verse: 123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869707172737475767778798081828384858687888990919293949596 · Hide pronunciation

1. 1

   अङ्गुत्तरaṅ·gut·ta·ra निकायni·kā·ya 5।180

   Aṅguttara Nikāya 5.180

   Numbered Discourses 5.180

2. 2

   18। उपासकवग्गu·pā·sa·ka·vag·ga

   18. Upāsakavagga

   18. A Lay Follower

3. 3

   गवेसीसुत्तga·ve·sī·sut·ta

   Gavesīsutta

   About Gavesī

4. 4

   एकंe·kaṃ समयंsa·ma·yaṃ भगवाbha·ga·vā कोसलेसुko·sa·le·su चारिकंcā·ri·kaṃ चरतिca·ra·ti महताma·ha·tā भिक्खुसङ्घेनbhik·khu·saṅ·ghe·na सद्धिं।sad·dhiṃ

   Ekaṁ samayaṁ bhagavā kosalesu cārikaṁ carati mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṁ.

   At one time the Buddha was wandering in the land of the Kosalans together with a large Saṅgha of mendicants.

5. 5

   अद्दसाad·da·sā खोkho भगवाbha·ga·vā अद्धानमग्गप्पटिपन्नोad·dhā·na·mag·gap·pa·ṭi·pan·no अञ्ञतरस्मिंañ·ña·ta·ras·miṃ पदेसेpa·de·se महन्तंma·han·taṃ सालवनं;sā·la·va·naṃ

   Addasā kho bhagavā addhānamaggappaṭipanno aññatarasmiṁ padese mahantaṁ sālavanaṁ;

   While traveling along a road the Buddha saw a large sal grove in a certain spot.

6. 6

   दिस्वानdis·vā·na मग्गाmag·gā ओक्कम्मok·kam·ma येनye·na तंtaṃ सालवनंsā·la·va·naṃ तेनुपसङ्कमि;te·nu·pa·saṅ·ka·mi उपसङ्कमित्वाu·pa·saṅ·ka·mit·vā तंtaṃ सालवनंsā·la·va·naṃ अज्झोगाहेत्वाaj·jho·gā·het·vā अञ्ञतरस्मिंañ·ña·ta·ras·miṃ पदेसेpa·de·se सितंsi·taṃ पात्वाकासि।pāt·vā·kā·si

   disvāna maggā okkamma yena taṁ sālavanaṁ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā taṁ sālavanaṁ ajjhogāhetvā aññatarasmiṁ padese sitaṁ pātvākāsi.

   He left the road, went to the sal grove, and plunged deep into it. And at a certain spot he smiled.

7. 7

   अथa·tha खोkho आयस्मतोā·yas·ma·to आनन्दस्सā·nan·das·sa एतदहोसि:e·ta·da·ho·si

   Atha kho āyasmato ānandassa etadahosi:

   Then Venerable Ānanda thought,

8. 8

   “कोko नुnu खोkho हेतुhe·tu कोko पच्चयोpac·ca·yo भगवतोbha·ga·va·to सितस्सsi·tas·sa पातुकम्माय?pā·tu·kam·mā·ya

   “ko nu kho hetu ko paccayo bhagavato sitassa pātukammāya?

   “What is the cause, what is the reason why the Buddha smiled?

9. 9

   नna अकारणेनa·kā·ra·ṇe·na तथागताta·thā·ga·tā सितंsi·taṃ पातुकरोन्ती”ति।pā·tu·ka·ron·tī

   Na akāraṇena tathāgatā sitaṁ pātukarontī”ti.

   Realized Ones do not smile for no reason.”

10. 10

    अथa·tha खोkho आयस्माā·yas·mā आनन्दोā·nan·do भगवन्तंbha·ga·van·taṃ एतदवोच:e·ta·da·vo·ca

    Atha kho āyasmā ānando bhagavantaṁ etadavoca:

    So Venerable Ānanda said to the Buddha,

11. 11

    “कोko नुnu खो,kho भन्ते,bhan·te हेतुhe·tu कोko पच्चयोpac·ca·yo भगवतोbha·ga·va·to सितस्सsi·tas·sa पातुकम्माय?pā·tu·kam·mā·ya

    “ko nu kho, bhante, hetu ko paccayo bhagavato sitassa pātukammāya?

    “What is the cause, what is the reason why the Buddha smiled?

12. 12

    नna अकारणेनa·kā·ra·ṇe·na तथागताta·thā·ga·tā सितंsi·taṃ पातुकरोन्ती”ति।pā·tu·ka·ron·tī

    Na akāraṇena tathāgatā sitaṁ pātukarontī”ti.

    Realized Ones do not smile for no reason.”

13. 13

    “भूतपुब्बं,bhū·ta·pub·baṃ आनन्द,ā·nan·da इमस्मिंi·mas·miṃ पदेसेpa·de·se नगरंna·ga·raṃ अहोसिa·ho·si इद्धञ्चेवid·dhañ·ce·va फीतञ्चphī·tañ·ca बहुजनंba·hu·ja·naṃ आकिण्णमनुस्सं।ā·kiṇ·ṇa·ma·nus·saṃ

    “Bhūtapubbaṁ, ānanda, imasmiṁ padese nagaraṁ ahosi iddhañceva phītañca bahujanaṁ ākiṇṇamanussaṁ.

    “Once upon a time, Ānanda, there was a city in this spot that was successful and prosperous, populous and full of people.

14. 14

    तंtaṃ खोkho पनानन्द,pa·nā·nan·da नगरंna·ga·raṃ कस्सपोkas·sa·po भगवाbha·ga·vā अरहंa·ra·haṃ सम्मासम्बुद्धोsam·mā·sam·bud·dho उपनिस्सायu·pa·nis·sā·ya विहासि।vi·hā·si

    Taṁ kho panānanda, nagaraṁ kassapo bhagavā arahaṁ sammāsambuddho upanissāya vihāsi.

    And Kassapa, a blessed one, a perfected one, a fully awakened Buddha, lived supported by that city.

15. 15

    कस्सपस्सkas·sa·pas·sa खोkho पनानन्द,pa·nā·nan·da भगवतोbha·ga·va·to अरहतोa·ra·ha·to सम्मासम्बुद्धस्सsam·mā·sam·bud·dhas·sa गवेसीga·ve·sī नामnā·ma उपासकोu·pā·sa·ko अहोसिa·ho·si सीलेसुsī·le·su अपरिपूरकारी।a·pa·ri·pū·ra·kā·rī

    Kassapassa kho panānanda, bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa gavesī nāma upāsako ahosi sīlesu aparipūrakārī.

    He had a lay follower named Gavesī who had not fulfilled all the precepts.

16. 16

    गवेसिनाga·ve·si·nā खो,kho आनन्द,ā·nan·da उपासकेनu·pā·sa·ke·na पञ्चमत्तानिpañ·ca·mat·tā·ni उपासकसतानिu·pā·sa·ka·sa·tā·ni पटिदेसितानिpa·ṭi·de·si·tā·ni समादपितानिsa·mā·da·pi·tā·ni अहेसुंa·he·suṃ सीलेसुsī·le·su अपरिपूरकारिनो।a·pa·ri·pū·ra·kā·ri·no

    Gavesinā kho, ānanda, upāsakena pañcamattāni upāsakasatāni paṭidesitāni samādapitāni ahesuṁ sīlesu aparipūrakārino.

    And the five hundred lay followers who were taught and advised by Gavesī also had not fulfilled all the precepts.

17. 17

    अथa·tha खो,kho आनन्द,ā·nan·da गवेसिस्सga·ve·sis·sa उपासकस्सu·pā·sa·kas·sa एतदहोसि:e·ta·da·ho·si

    Atha kho, ānanda, gavesissa upāsakassa etadahosi:

    Then Gavesī thought:

18. 18

    ‘अहंa·haṃ खोkho इमेसंi·me·saṃ पञ्चन्नंpañ·can·naṃ उपासकसतानंu·pā·sa·ka·sa·tā·naṃ बहूपकारोba·hū·pa·kā·ro पुब्बङ्गमोpub·baṅ·ga·mo समादपेता,sa·mā·da·pe·tā अहञ्चम्हिa·hañ·cam·hi सीलेसुsī·le·su अपरिपूरकारी,a·pa·ri·pū·ra·kā·rī इमानिi·mā·ni चca पञ्चpañ·ca उपासकसतानिu·pā·sa·ka·sa·tā·ni सीलेसुsī·le·su अपरिपूरकारिनो।a·pa·ri·pū·ra·kā·ri·no

    ‘ahaṁ kho imesaṁ pañcannaṁ upāsakasatānaṁ bahūpakāro pubbaṅgamo samādapetā, ahañcamhi sīlesu aparipūrakārī, imāni ca pañca upāsakasatāni sīlesu aparipūrakārino.

    ‘I’m the helper, leader, and adviser of these five hundred lay followers, yet neither I nor they have fulfilled the precepts.

19. 19

    इच्चेतंic·ce·taṃ समसमं,sa·ma·sa·maṃ नत्थिnat·thi किञ्चिkiñ·ci अतिरेकं;a·ti·re·kaṃ

    Iccetaṁ samasamaṁ, natthi kiñci atirekaṁ;

    We’re the same, I’m in no way better.

20. 20

    हन्दाहंhan·dā·haṃ अतिरेकाया’ति।a·ti·re·kā·yā

    handāhaṁ atirekāyā’ti.

    So let me do better.’

21. 21

    अथa·tha खो,kho आनन्द,ā·nan·da गवेसीga·ve·sī उपासकोu·pā·sa·ko येनye·na तानिtā·ni पञ्चpañ·ca उपासकसतानिu·pā·sa·ka·sa·tā·ni तेनुपसङ्कमि;te·nu·pa·saṅ·ka·mi उपसङ्कमित्वाu·pa·saṅ·ka·mit·vā तानिtā·ni पञ्चpañ·ca उपासकसतानिu·pā·sa·ka·sa·tā·ni एतदवोच:e·ta·da·vo·ca

    Atha kho, ānanda, gavesī upāsako yena tāni pañca upāsakasatāni tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā tāni pañca upāsakasatāni etadavoca:

    Then Gavesī went to those five hundred lay followers and said to them:

22. 22

    ‘अज्जतग्गेaj·ja·tag·ge मंmaṃ आयस्मन्तोā·yas·man·to सीलेसुsī·le·su परिपूरकारिंpa·ri·pū·ra·kā·riṃ धारेथा’ति।dhā·re·thā

    ‘ajjatagge maṁ āyasmanto sīlesu paripūrakāriṁ dhārethā’ti.

    ‘From this day forth may the venerables remember me as one who has fulfilled the precepts.’

23. 23

    अथa·tha खो,kho आनन्द,ā·nan·da तेसंte·saṃ पञ्चन्नंpañ·can·naṃ उपासकसतानंu·pā·sa·ka·sa·tā·naṃ एतदहोसि:e·ta·da·ho·si

    Atha kho, ānanda, tesaṁ pañcannaṁ upāsakasatānaṁ etadahosi:

    Then those five hundred lay followers thought:

24. 24

    ‘अय्योay·yo खोkho गवेसीga·ve·sī अम्हाकंam·hā·kaṃ बहूपकारोba·hū·pa·kā·ro पुब्बङ्गमोpub·baṅ·ga·mo समादपेता।sa·mā·da·pe·tā

    ‘ayyo kho gavesī amhākaṁ bahūpakāro pubbaṅgamo samādapetā.

    ‘Master Gavesī is our helper, leader, and adviser,

25. 25

    अय्योay·yo हिhi नामnā·ma गवेसीga·ve·sī सीलेसुsī·le·su परिपूरकारीpa·ri·pū·ra·kā·rī भविस्सति।bha·vis·sa·ti

    Ayyo hi nāma gavesī sīlesu paripūrakārī bhavissati.

    and now he will fulfill the precepts.

26. 26

    किमङ्गंki·maṅ·gaṃ पनpa·na मयन्’ति।ma·yan

    Kimaṅgaṁ pana mayan’ti.

    Why don’t we do the same?’

27. 27

    अथa·tha खो,kho आनन्द,ā·nan·da तानिtā·ni पञ्चpañ·ca उपासकसतानिu·pā·sa·ka·sa·tā·ni येनye·na गवेसीga·ve·sī उपासकोu·pā·sa·ko तेनुपसङ्कमिंसु;te·nu·pa·saṅ·ka·miṃ·su उपसङ्कमित्वाu·pa·saṅ·ka·mit·vā गवेसिंga·ve·siṃ उपासकंu·pā·sa·kaṃ एतदवोचुं:e·ta·da·vo·cuṃ

    Atha kho, ānanda, tāni pañca upāsakasatāni yena gavesī upāsako tenupasaṅkamiṁsu; upasaṅkamitvā gavesiṁ upāsakaṁ etadavocuṁ:

    Then those five hundred lay followers went to Gavesī and said to him:

28. 28

    ‘अज्जतग्गेaj·ja·tag·ge अय्योay·yo गवेसीga·ve·sī इमानिपिi·mā·ni·pi पञ्चpañ·ca उपासकसतानिu·pā·sa·ka·sa·tā·ni सीलेसुsī·le·su परिपूरकारिनोpa·ri·pū·ra·kā·ri·no धारेतू’ति।dhā·re·tū

    ‘ajjatagge ayyo gavesī imānipi pañca upāsakasatāni sīlesu paripūrakārino dhāretū’ti.

    ‘From this day forth may Master Gavesī remember these five hundred lay followers as having fulfilled the precepts.’

29. 29

    अथa·tha खो,kho आनन्द,ā·nan·da गवेसिस्सga·ve·sis·sa उपासकस्सu·pā·sa·kas·sa एतदहोसि:e·ta·da·ho·si

    Atha kho, ānanda, gavesissa upāsakassa etadahosi:

    Then Gavesī thought:

30. 30

    ‘अहंa·haṃ खोkho इमेसंi·me·saṃ पञ्चन्नंpañ·can·naṃ उपासकसतानंu·pā·sa·ka·sa·tā·naṃ बहूपकारोba·hū·pa·kā·ro पुब्बङ्गमोpub·baṅ·ga·mo समादपेता,sa·mā·da·pe·tā अहञ्चम्हिa·hañ·cam·hi सीलेसुsī·le·su परिपूरकारी,pa·ri·pū·ra·kā·rī इमानिपिi·mā·ni·pi पञ्चpañ·ca उपासकसतानिu·pā·sa·ka·sa·tā·ni सीलेसुsī·le·su परिपूरकारिनो।pa·ri·pū·ra·kā·ri·no

    ‘ahaṁ kho imesaṁ pañcannaṁ upāsakasatānaṁ bahūpakāro pubbaṅgamo samādapetā, ahañcamhi sīlesu paripūrakārī, imānipi pañca upāsakasatāni sīlesu paripūrakārino.

    ‘I’m the helper, leader, and adviser of these five hundred lay followers, and both I and they have fulfilled the precepts.

31. 31

    इच्चेतंic·ce·taṃ समसमं,sa·ma·sa·maṃ नत्थिnat·thi किञ्चिkiñ·ci अतिरेकं;a·ti·re·kaṃ

    Iccetaṁ samasamaṁ, natthi kiñci atirekaṁ;

    We’re the same, I’m in no way better.

32. 32

    हन्दाहंhan·dā·haṃ अतिरेकाया’ति।a·ti·re·kā·yā

    handāhaṁ atirekāyā’ti.

    So let me do better.’

33. 33

    अथa·tha खो,kho आनन्द,ā·nan·da गवेसीga·ve·sī उपासकोu·pā·sa·ko येनye·na तानिtā·ni पञ्चpañ·ca उपासकसतानिu·pā·sa·ka·sa·tā·ni तेनुपसङ्कमि;te·nu·pa·saṅ·ka·mi उपसङ्कमित्वाu·pa·saṅ·ka·mit·vā तानिtā·ni पञ्चpañ·ca उपासकसतानिu·pā·sa·ka·sa·tā·ni एतदवोच:e·ta·da·vo·ca

    Atha kho, ānanda, gavesī upāsako yena tāni pañca upāsakasatāni tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā tāni pañca upāsakasatāni etadavoca:

    Then Gavesī went to those five hundred lay followers and said to them:

34. 34

    ‘अज्जतग्गेaj·ja·tag·ge मंmaṃ आयस्मन्तोā·yas·man·to ब्रह्मचारिंbrah·ma·cā·riṃ धारेथdhā·re·tha आराचारिंā·rā·cā·riṃ विरतंvi·ra·taṃ मेथुनाme·thu·nā गामधम्मा’ति।gā·ma·dham·mā

    ‘ajjatagge maṁ āyasmanto brahmacāriṁ dhāretha ārācāriṁ virataṁ methunā gāmadhammā’ti.

    ‘From this day forth may the venerables remember me as one who is chaste, set apart, refraining from the vulgar act of sex.’

35. 35

    अथa·tha खो,kho आनन्द,ā·nan·da तेसंte·saṃ पञ्चन्नंpañ·can·naṃ उपासकसतानंu·pā·sa·ka·sa·tā·naṃ एतदहोसि:e·ta·da·ho·si

    Atha kho, ānanda, tesaṁ pañcannaṁ upāsakasatānaṁ etadahosi:

    Then those five hundred lay followers did the same. …

36. 36

    ‘अय्योay·yo खोkho गवेसीga·ve·sī अम्हाकंam·hā·kaṃ बहूपकारोba·hū·pa·kā·ro पुब्बङ्गमोpub·baṅ·ga·mo समादपेता।sa·mā·da·pe·tā

    ‘ayyo kho gavesī amhākaṁ bahūpakāro pubbaṅgamo samādapetā.

    (Pāli only)

37. 37

    अय्योay·yo हिhi नामnā·ma गवेसीga·ve·sī ब्रह्मचारीbrah·ma·cā·rī भविस्सतिbha·vis·sa·ti आराचारीā·rā·cā·rī विरतोvi·ra·to मेथुनाme·thu·nā गामधम्मा।gā·ma·dham·mā

    Ayyo hi nāma gavesī brahmacārī bhavissati ārācārī virato methunā gāmadhammā.

    (Pāli only)

38. 38

    किमङ्गंki·maṅ·gaṃ पनpa·na मयन्’ति।ma·yan

    Kimaṅgaṁ pana mayan’ti.

    (Pāli only)

39. 39

    अथa·tha खो,kho आनन्द,ā·nan·da तानिtā·ni पञ्चpañ·ca उपासकसतानिu·pā·sa·ka·sa·tā·ni येनye·na गवेसीga·ve·sī उपासकोu·pā·sa·ko तेनुपसङ्कमिंसु;te·nu·pa·saṅ·ka·miṃ·su उपसङ्कमित्वाu·pa·saṅ·ka·mit·vā गवेसिंga·ve·siṃ उपासकंu·pā·sa·kaṃ एतदवोचुं:e·ta·da·vo·cuṃ

    Atha kho, ānanda, tāni pañca upāsakasatāni yena gavesī upāsako tenupasaṅkamiṁsu; upasaṅkamitvā gavesiṁ upāsakaṁ etadavocuṁ:

    (Pāli only)

40. 40

    ‘अज्जतग्गेaj·ja·tag·ge अय्योay·yo गवेसीga·ve·sī इमानिपिi·mā·ni·pi पञ्चpañ·ca उपासकसतानिu·pā·sa·ka·sa·tā·ni ब्रह्मचारिनोbrah·ma·cā·ri·no धारेतुdhā·re·tu आराचारिनोā·rā·cā·ri·no विरताvi·ra·tā मेथुनाme·thu·nā गामधम्मा’ति।gā·ma·dham·mā

    ‘ajjatagge ayyo gavesī imānipi pañca upāsakasatāni brahmacārino dhāretu ārācārino viratā methunā gāmadhammā’ti.

    (Pāli only)

41. 41

    अथa·tha खो,kho आनन्द,ā·nan·da गवेसिस्सga·ve·sis·sa उपासकस्सu·pā·sa·kas·sa एतदहोसि:e·ta·da·ho·si

    Atha kho, ānanda, gavesissa upāsakassa etadahosi:

    Then Gavesī thought:

42. 42

    ‘अहंa·haṃ खोkho इमेसंi·me·saṃ पञ्चन्नंpañ·can·naṃ उपासकसतानंu·pā·sa·ka·sa·tā·naṃ बहूपकारोba·hū·pa·kā·ro पुब्बङ्गमोpub·baṅ·ga·mo समादपेता।sa·mā·da·pe·tā

    ‘ahaṁ kho imesaṁ pañcannaṁ upāsakasatānaṁ bahūpakāro pubbaṅgamo samādapetā.

    ‘These five hundred lay followers …

43. 43

    अहञ्चम्हिa·hañ·cam·hi सीलेसुsī·le·su परिपूरकारी।pa·ri·pū·ra·kā·rī

    Ahañcamhi sīlesu paripūrakārī.

    (Pāli only)

44. 44

    इमानिपिi·mā·ni·pi पञ्चpañ·ca उपासकसतानिu·pā·sa·ka·sa·tā·ni सीलेसुsī·le·su परिपूरकारिनो।pa·ri·pū·ra·kā·ri·no

    Imānipi pañca upāsakasatāni sīlesu paripūrakārino.

    (Pāli only)

45. 45

    अहञ्चम्हिa·hañ·cam·hi ब्रह्मचारीbrah·ma·cā·rī आराचारीā·rā·cā·rī विरतोvi·ra·to मेथुनाme·thu·nā गामधम्मा।gā·ma·dham·mā

    Ahañcamhi brahmacārī ārācārī virato methunā gāmadhammā.

    (Pāli only)

46. 46

    इमानिपिi·mā·ni·pi पञ्चpañ·ca उपासकसतानिu·pā·sa·ka·sa·tā·ni ब्रह्मचारिनोbrah·ma·cā·ri·no आराचारिनोā·rā·cā·ri·no विरताvi·ra·tā मेथुनाme·thu·nā गामधम्मा।gā·ma·dham·mā

    Imānipi pañca upāsakasatāni brahmacārino ārācārino viratā methunā gāmadhammā.

    are chaste, set apart, refraining from the vulgar act of sex.

47. 47

    इच्चेतंic·ce·taṃ समसमं,sa·ma·sa·maṃ नत्थिnat·thi किञ्चिkiñ·ci अतिरेकं;a·ti·re·kaṃ

    Iccetaṁ samasamaṁ, natthi kiñci atirekaṁ;

    We’re the same, I’m in no way better.

48. 48

    हन्दाहंhan·dā·haṃ अतिरेकाया’ति।a·ti·re·kā·yā

    handāhaṁ atirekāyā’ti.

    So let me do better.’

49. 49

    अथa·tha खो,kho आनन्द,ā·nan·da गवेसीga·ve·sī उपासकोu·pā·sa·ko येनye·na तानिtā·ni पञ्चpañ·ca उपासकसतानिu·pā·sa·ka·sa·tā·ni तेनुपसङ्कमि;te·nu·pa·saṅ·ka·mi उपसङ्कमित्वाu·pa·saṅ·ka·mit·vā तानिtā·ni पञ्चpañ·ca उपासकसतानिu·pā·sa·ka·sa·tā·ni एतदवोच:e·ta·da·vo·ca

    Atha kho, ānanda, gavesī upāsako yena tāni pañca upāsakasatāni tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā tāni pañca upāsakasatāni etadavoca:

    Then Gavesī went to those five hundred lay followers and said to them:

50. 50

    ‘अज्जतग्गेaj·ja·tag·ge मंmaṃ आयस्मन्तोā·yas·man·to एकभत्तिकंe·ka·bhat·ti·kaṃ धारेथdhā·re·tha रत्तूपरतंrat·tū·pa·ra·taṃ विरतंvi·ra·taṃ विकालभोजना’ति।vi·kā·la·bho·ja·nā

    ‘ajjatagge maṁ āyasmanto ekabhattikaṁ dhāretha rattūparataṁ virataṁ vikālabhojanā’ti.

    ‘From this day forth may the venerables remember me as one who eats in one part of the day, abstaining from eating at night, and from food at the wrong time.’

51. 51

    अथa·tha खो,kho आनन्द,ā·nan·da तेसंte·saṃ पञ्चन्नंpañ·can·naṃ उपासकसतानंu·pā·sa·ka·sa·tā·naṃ एतदहोसि:e·ta·da·ho·si

    Atha kho, ānanda, tesaṁ pañcannaṁ upāsakasatānaṁ etadahosi:

    Then those five hundred lay followers did the same. …

52. 52

    ‘अय्योay·yo खोkho गवेसीga·ve·sī बहूपकारोba·hū·pa·kā·ro पुब्बङ्गमोpub·baṅ·ga·mo समादपेता।sa·mā·da·pe·tā

    ‘ayyo kho gavesī bahūpakāro pubbaṅgamo samādapetā.

    (Pāli only)

53. 53

    अय्योay·yo हिhi नामnā·ma गवेसीga·ve·sī एकभत्तिकोe·ka·bhat·ti·ko भविस्सतिbha·vis·sa·ti रत्तूपरतोrat·tū·pa·ra·to विरतोvi·ra·to विकालभोजना।vi·kā·la·bho·ja·nā

    Ayyo hi nāma gavesī ekabhattiko bhavissati rattūparato virato vikālabhojanā.

    (Pāli only)

54. 54

    किमङ्गंki·maṅ·gaṃ पनpa·na मयन्’ति।ma·yan

    Kimaṅgaṁ pana mayan’ti.

    (Pāli only)

55. 55

    अथa·tha खो,kho आनन्द,ā·nan·da तानिtā·ni पञ्चpañ·ca उपासकसतानिu·pā·sa·ka·sa·tā·ni येनye·na गवेसीga·ve·sī उपासकोu·pā·sa·ko तेनुपसङ्कमिंसु;te·nu·pa·saṅ·ka·miṃ·su उपसङ्कमित्वाu·pa·saṅ·ka·mit·vā गवेसिंga·ve·siṃ उपासकंu·pā·sa·kaṃ एतदवोचुं:e·ta·da·vo·cuṃ

    Atha kho, ānanda, tāni pañca upāsakasatāni yena gavesī upāsako tenupasaṅkamiṁsu; upasaṅkamitvā gavesiṁ upāsakaṁ etadavocuṁ:

    (Pāli only)

56. 56

    ‘अज्जतग्गेaj·ja·tag·ge अय्योay·yo गवेसीga·ve·sī इमानिपिi·mā·ni·pi पञ्चpañ·ca उपासकसतानिu·pā·sa·ka·sa·tā·ni एकभत्तिकेe·ka·bhat·ti·ke धारेतुdhā·re·tu रत्तूपरतेrat·tū·pa·ra·te विरतेvi·ra·te विकालभोजना’ति।vi·kā·la·bho·ja·nā

    ‘ajjatagge ayyo gavesī imānipi pañca upāsakasatāni ekabhattike dhāretu rattūparate virate vikālabhojanā’ti.

    (Pāli only)

57. 57

    अथa·tha खो,kho आनन्द,ā·nan·da गवेसिस्सga·ve·sis·sa उपासकस्सu·pā·sa·kas·sa एतदहोसि:e·ta·da·ho·si

    Atha kho, ānanda, gavesissa upāsakassa etadahosi:

    Then Gavesī thought:

58. 58

    ‘अहंa·haṃ खोkho इमेसंi·me·saṃ पञ्चन्नंpañ·can·naṃ उपासकसतानंu·pā·sa·ka·sa·tā·naṃ बहूपकारोba·hū·pa·kā·ro पुब्बङ्गमोpub·baṅ·ga·mo समादपेता।sa·mā·da·pe·tā

    ‘ahaṁ kho imesaṁ pañcannaṁ upāsakasatānaṁ bahūpakāro pubbaṅgamo samādapetā.

    ‘These five hundred lay followers …

59. 59

    अहञ्चम्हिa·hañ·cam·hi सीलेसुsī·le·su परिपूरकारी।pa·ri·pū·ra·kā·rī

    Ahañcamhi sīlesu paripūrakārī.

    (Pāli only)

60. 60

    इमानिपिi·mā·ni·pi पञ्चpañ·ca उपासकसतानिu·pā·sa·ka·sa·tā·ni सीलेसुsī·le·su परिपूरकारिनो।pa·ri·pū·ra·kā·ri·no

    Imānipi pañca upāsakasatāni sīlesu paripūrakārino.

    (Pāli only)

61. 61

    अहञ्चम्हिa·hañ·cam·hi ब्रह्मचारीbrah·ma·cā·rī आराचारीā·rā·cā·rī विरतोvi·ra·to मेथुनाme·thu·nā गामधम्मा।gā·ma·dham·mā

    Ahañcamhi brahmacārī ārācārī virato methunā gāmadhammā.

    (Pāli only)

62. 62

    इमानिपिi·mā·ni·pi पञ्चpañ·ca उपासकसतानिu·pā·sa·ka·sa·tā·ni ब्रह्मचारिनोbrah·ma·cā·ri·no आराचारिनोā·rā·cā·ri·no विरताvi·ra·tā मेथुनाme·thu·nā गामधम्मा।gā·ma·dham·mā

    Imānipi pañca upāsakasatāni brahmacārino ārācārino viratā methunā gāmadhammā.

    (Pāli only)

63. 63

    अहञ्चम्हिa·hañ·cam·hi एकभत्तिकोe·ka·bhat·ti·ko रत्तूपरतोrat·tū·pa·ra·to विरतोvi·ra·to विकालभोजना।vi·kā·la·bho·ja·nā

    Ahañcamhi ekabhattiko rattūparato virato vikālabhojanā.

    (Pāli only)

64. 64

    इमानिपिi·mā·ni·pi पञ्चpañ·ca उपासकसतानिu·pā·sa·ka·sa·tā·ni एकभत्तिकाe·ka·bhat·ti·kā रत्तूपरताrat·tū·pa·ra·tā विरताvi·ra·tā विकालभोजना।vi·kā·la·bho·ja·nā

    Imānipi pañca upāsakasatāni ekabhattikā rattūparatā viratā vikālabhojanā.

    eat in one part of the day, abstaining from eating at night, and food at the wrong time.

65. 65

    इच्चेतंic·ce·taṃ समसमं,sa·ma·sa·maṃ नत्थिnat·thi किञ्चिkiñ·ci अतिरेकं;a·ti·re·kaṃ

    Iccetaṁ samasamaṁ, natthi kiñci atirekaṁ;

    We’re the same, I’m in no way better.

66. 66

    हन्दाहंhan·dā·haṃ अतिरेकाया’ति।a·ti·re·kā·yā

    handāhaṁ atirekāyā’ti.

    So let me do better.’

67. 67

    अथa·tha खो,kho आनन्द,ā·nan·da गवेसीga·ve·sī उपासकोu·pā·sa·ko येनye·na कस्सपोkas·sa·po भगवाbha·ga·vā अरहंa·ra·haṃ सम्मासम्बुद्धोsam·mā·sam·bud·dho तेनुपसङ्कमि;te·nu·pa·saṅ·ka·mi उपसङ्कमित्वाu·pa·saṅ·ka·mit·vā कस्सपंkas·sa·paṃ भगवन्तंbha·ga·van·taṃ अरहन्तंa·ra·han·taṃ सम्मासम्बुद्धंsam·mā·sam·bud·dhaṃ एतदवोच:e·ta·da·vo·ca

    Atha kho, ānanda, gavesī upāsako yena kassapo bhagavā arahaṁ sammāsambuddho tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā kassapaṁ bhagavantaṁ arahantaṁ sammāsambuddhaṁ etadavoca:

    Then the lay follower Gavesī went up to the blessed one Kassapa, the perfected one, the fully awakened Buddha and said to him:

68. 68

    ‘लभेय्याहं,la·bhey·yā·haṃ भन्ते,bhan·te भगवतोbha·ga·va·to सन्तिकेsan·ti·ke पब्बज्जंpab·baj·jaṃ लभेय्यंla·bhey·yaṃ उपसम्पदन्’ति।u·pa·sam·pa·dan

    ‘labheyyāhaṁ, bhante, bhagavato santike pabbajjaṁ labheyyaṁ upasampadan’ti.

    ‘Sir, may I receive the going forth, the ordination in the Buddha’s presence?’

69. 69

    अलत्थa·lat·tha खो,kho आनन्द,ā·nan·da गवेसीga·ve·sī उपासकोu·pā·sa·ko कस्सपस्सkas·sa·pas·sa भगवतोbha·ga·va·to अरहतोa·ra·ha·to सम्मासम्बुद्धस्सsam·mā·sam·bud·dhas·sa सन्तिकेsan·ti·ke पब्बज्जं,pab·baj·jaṃ अलत्थa·lat·tha उपसम्पदं।u·pa·sam·pa·daṃ

    Alattha kho, ānanda, gavesī upāsako kassapassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa santike pabbajjaṁ, alattha upasampadaṁ.

    And he received the going forth, the ordination in the Buddha’s presence.

70. 70

    अचिरूपसम्पन्नोa·ci·rū·pa·sam·pan·no खोkho पनानन्द,pa·nā·nan·da गवेसीga·ve·sī भिक्खुbhik·khu एकोe·ko वूपकट्ठोvū·pa·kaṭ·ṭho अप्पमत्तोap·pa·mat·to आतापीā·tā·pī पहितत्तोpa·hi·tat·to विहरन्तोvi·ha·ran·to नचिरस्सेव—यस्सत्थायna·ci·ras·se·va कुलपुत्ताku·la·put·tā सम्मदेवsam·ma·de·va अगारस्माa·gā·ras·mā अनगारियंa·na·gā·ri·yaṃ पब्बजन्ति,pab·ba·jan·ti तदनुत्तरं—ब्रह्मचरियपरियोसानंta·da·nut·ta·raṃ दिट्ठेवdiṭ·ṭhe·va धम्मेdham·me सयंsa·yaṃ अभिञ्ञाa·bhiñ·ñā सच्छिकत्वाsac·chi·kat·vā उपसम्पज्जu·pa·sam·paj·ja विहासि।vi·hā·si

    Acirūpasampanno kho panānanda, gavesī bhikkhu eko vūpakaṭṭho appamatto ātāpī pahitatto viharanto nacirasseva—yassatthāya kulaputtā sammadeva agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajanti, tadanuttaraṁ—brahmacariyapariyosānaṁ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṁ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja vihāsi.

    Not long after his ordination, the mendicant Gavesī, living alone, withdrawn, diligent, keen, and resolute, soon realized the supreme culmination of the spiritual path in this very life. He lived having achieved with his own insight the goal for which gentlemen rightly go forth from the lay life to homelessness.

71. 71

    ‘खीणाkhī·ṇā जाति,jā·ti वुसितंvu·si·taṃ ब्रह्मचरियं,brah·ma·ca·ri·yaṃ कतंka·taṃ करणीयं,ka·ra·ṇī·yaṃ नापरंnā·pa·raṃ इत्थत्ताया’तिit·that·tā·yā अब्भञ्ञासि।ab·bhañ·ñā·si

    ‘Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṁ brahmacariyaṁ, kataṁ karaṇīyaṁ, nāparaṁ itthattāyā’ti abbhaññāsi.

    He understood: ‘Rebirth is ended; the spiritual journey has been completed; what had to be done has been done; there is nothing further for this place.’

72. 72

    अञ्ञतरोañ·ña·ta·ro चca पनानन्द,pa·nā·nan·da गवेसीga·ve·sī भिक्खुbhik·khu अरहतंa·ra·ha·taṃ अहोसि।a·ho·si

    Aññataro ca panānanda, gavesī bhikkhu arahataṁ ahosi.

    And the mendicant Gavesī became one of the perfected.

73. 73

    अथa·tha खो,kho आनन्द,ā·nan·da तेसंte·saṃ पञ्चन्नंpañ·can·naṃ उपासकसतानंu·pā·sa·ka·sa·tā·naṃ एतदहोसि:e·ta·da·ho·si

    Atha kho, ānanda, tesaṁ pañcannaṁ upāsakasatānaṁ etadahosi:

    Then those five hundred lay followers thought:

74. 74

    ‘अय्योay·yo खोkho गवेसीga·ve·sī अम्हाकंam·hā·kaṃ बहूपकारोba·hū·pa·kā·ro पुब्बङ्गमोpub·baṅ·ga·mo समादपेता।sa·mā·da·pe·tā

    ‘ayyo kho gavesī amhākaṁ bahūpakāro pubbaṅgamo samādapetā.

    ‘Master Gavesī is our helper, leader, and adviser,

75. 75

    अय्योay·yo हिhi नामnā·ma गवेसीga·ve·sī केसमस्सुंke·sa·mas·suṃ ओहारेत्वाo·hā·ret·vā कासायानिkā·sā·yā·ni वत्थानिvat·thā·ni अच्छादेत्वाac·chā·det·vā अगारस्माa·gā·ras·mā अनगारियंa·na·gā·ri·yaṃ पब्बजिस्सति।pab·ba·jis·sa·ti

    Ayyo hi nāma gavesī kesamassuṁ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajissati.

    He has shaved off his hair and beard, dressed in ocher robes, and gone forth from the lay life to homelessness.

76. 76

    किमङ्गंki·maṅ·gaṃ पनpa·na मयन्’ति।ma·yan

    Kimaṅgaṁ pana mayan’ti.

    Why don’t we do the same?’

77. 77

    अथa·tha खो,kho आनन्द,ā·nan·da तानिtā·ni पञ्चpañ·ca उपासकसतानिu·pā·sa·ka·sa·tā·ni येनye·na कस्सपोkas·sa·po भगवाbha·ga·vā अरहंa·ra·haṃ सम्मासम्बुद्धोsam·mā·sam·bud·dho तेनुपसङ्कमिंसु;te·nu·pa·saṅ·ka·miṃ·su उपसङ्कमित्वाu·pa·saṅ·ka·mit·vā कस्सपंkas·sa·paṃ भगवन्तंbha·ga·van·taṃ अरहन्तंa·ra·han·taṃ सम्मासम्बुद्धंsam·mā·sam·bud·dhaṃ एतदवोचुं:e·ta·da·vo·cuṃ

    Atha kho, ānanda, tāni pañca upāsakasatāni yena kassapo bhagavā arahaṁ sammāsambuddho tenupasaṅkamiṁsu; upasaṅkamitvā kassapaṁ bhagavantaṁ arahantaṁ sammāsambuddhaṁ etadavocuṁ:

    Then those five hundred lay followers went up to the blessed one Kassapa, the perfected one, the fully awakened Buddha and said to him:

78. 78

    ‘लभेय्यामla·bhey·yā·ma मयं,ma·yaṃ भन्ते,bhan·te भगवतोbha·ga·va·to सन्तिकेsan·ti·ke पब्बज्जं,pab·baj·jaṃ लभेय्यामla·bhey·yā·ma उपसम्पदन्’ति।u·pa·sam·pa·dan

    ‘labheyyāma mayaṁ, bhante, bhagavato santike pabbajjaṁ, labheyyāma upasampadan’ti.

    ‘Sir, may we receive the going forth and ordination in the Buddha’s presence?’

79. 79

    अलभिंसुa·la·bhiṃ·su खो,kho आनन्द,ā·nan·da तानिtā·ni पञ्चpañ·ca उपासकसतानिu·pā·sa·ka·sa·tā·ni कस्सपस्सkas·sa·pas·sa भगवतोbha·ga·va·to अरहतोa·ra·ha·to सम्मासम्बुद्धस्सsam·mā·sam·bud·dhas·sa सन्तिकेsan·ti·ke पब्बज्जं,pab·baj·jaṃ अलभिंसुa·la·bhiṃ·su उपसम्पदं।u·pa·sam·pa·daṃ

    Alabhiṁsu kho, ānanda, tāni pañca upāsakasatāni kassapassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa santike pabbajjaṁ, alabhiṁsu upasampadaṁ.

    And they did receive the going forth and ordination in the Buddha’s presence.

80. 80

    अथa·tha खो,kho आनन्द,ā·nan·da गवेसिस्सga·ve·sis·sa भिक्खुनोbhik·khu·no एतदहोसि:e·ta·da·ho·si

    Atha kho, ānanda, gavesissa bhikkhuno etadahosi:

    Then the mendicant Gavesī thought:

81. 81

    ‘अहंa·haṃ खोkho इमस्सi·mas·sa अनुत्तरस्सa·nut·ta·ras·sa विमुत्तिसुखस्सvi·mut·ti·su·khas·sa निकामलाभीni·kā·ma·lā·bhī होमिho·mi अकिच्छलाभीa·kic·cha·lā·bhī अकसिरलाभी।a·ka·si·ra·lā·bhī

    ‘ahaṁ kho imassa anuttarassa vimuttisukhassa nikāmalābhī homi akicchalābhī akasiralābhī.

    ‘I get the supreme bliss of freedom whenever I want, without trouble or difficulty.

82. 82

    अहोa·ho वतिमानिपिva·ti·mā·ni·pi पञ्चpañ·ca भिक्खुसतानिbhik·khu·sa·tā·ni इमस्सi·mas·sa अनुत्तरस्सa·nut·ta·ras·sa विमुत्तिसुखस्सvi·mut·ti·su·khas·sa निकामलाभिनोni·kā·ma·lā·bhi·no अस्सुas·su अकिच्छलाभिनोa·kic·cha·lā·bhi·no अकसिरलाभिनो’ति।a·ka·si·ra·lā·bhi·no

    Aho vatimānipi pañca bhikkhusatāni imassa anuttarassa vimuttisukhassa nikāmalābhino assu akicchalābhino akasiralābhino’ti.

    Oh, may these five hundred mendicants do the same!’

83. 83

    अथa·tha खो,kho आनन्द,ā·nan·da तानिtā·ni पञ्चpañ·ca भिक्खुसतानिbhik·khu·sa·tā·ni वूपकट्ठाvū·pa·kaṭ·ṭhā अप्पमत्ताap·pa·mat·tā आतापिनोā·tā·pi·no पहितत्ताpa·hi·tat·tā विहरन्ताvi·ha·ran·tā नचिरस्सेव—यस्सत्थायna·ci·ras·se·va कुलपुत्ताku·la·put·tā सम्मदेवsam·ma·de·va अगारस्माa·gā·ras·mā अनगारियंa·na·gā·ri·yaṃ पब्बजन्ति,pab·ba·jan·ti तदनुत्तरं—ta·da·nut·ta·raṃ

    Atha kho, ānanda, tāni pañca bhikkhusatāni vūpakaṭṭhā appamattā ātāpino pahitattā viharantā nacirasseva—yassatthāya kulaputtā sammadeva agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajanti, tadanuttaraṁ—

    Then those five hundred mendicants, living alone, withdrawn, diligent, keen, and resolute, soon realized the supreme culmination of the spiritual path in this very life. They lived having achieved with their own insight the goal for which gentlemen rightly go forth from the lay life to homelessness.

84. 84

    ब्रह्मचरियपरियोसानंbrah·ma·ca·ri·ya·pa·ri·yo·sā·naṃ दिट्ठेवdiṭ·ṭhe·va धम्मेdham·me सयंsa·yaṃ अभिञ्ञाa·bhiñ·ñā सच्छिकत्वाsac·chi·kat·vā उपसम्पज्जu·pa·sam·paj·ja विहरिंसु।vi·ha·riṃ·su

    brahmacariyapariyosānaṁ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṁ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja vihariṁsu.

    (Pāli only)

85. 85

    ‘खीणाkhī·ṇā जाति,jā·ti वुसितंvu·si·taṃ ब्रह्मचरियं,brah·ma·ca·ri·yaṃ कतंka·taṃ करणीयं,ka·ra·ṇī·yaṃ नापरंnā·pa·raṃ इत्थत्ताया’तिit·that·tā·yā अब्भञ्ञिंसु।ab·bhañ·ñiṃ·su

    ‘Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṁ brahmacariyaṁ, kataṁ karaṇīyaṁ, nāparaṁ itthattāyā’ti abbhaññiṁsu.

    They understood: ‘Rebirth is ended, the spiritual journey has been completed, what had to be done has been done, there is nothing further for this place.’

86. 86

    इतिi·ti खो,kho आनन्द,ā·nan·da तानिtā·ni पञ्चpañ·ca भिक्खुसतानिbhik·khu·sa·tā·ni गवेसीपमुखानिga·ve·sī·pa·mu·khā·ni उत्तरुत्तरिut·ta·rut·ta·ri पणीतपणीतंpa·ṇī·ta·pa·ṇī·taṃ वायममानाvā·ya·ma·mā·nā अनुत्तरंa·nut·ta·raṃ विमुत्तिंvi·mut·tiṃ सच्छाकंसु।sac·chā·kaṃ·su

    Iti kho, ānanda, tāni pañca bhikkhusatāni gavesīpamukhāni uttaruttari paṇītapaṇītaṁ vāyamamānā anuttaraṁ vimuttiṁ sacchākaṁsu.

    And so, Ānanda, those five hundred mendicants headed by Gavesī, trying to go higher and higher, better and better, realized the supreme bliss of freedom.

87. 87

    तस्मातिह,tas·mā·ti·ha आनन्द,ā·nan·da एवंe·vaṃ सिक्खितब्बं:sik·khi·tab·baṃ

    Tasmātiha, ānanda, evaṁ sikkhitabbaṁ:

    So you should train like this:

88. 88

    ‘उत्तरुत्तरिut·ta·rut·ta·ri पणीतपणीतंpa·ṇī·ta·pa·ṇī·taṃ वायममानाvā·ya·ma·mā·nā अनुत्तरंa·nut·ta·raṃ विमुत्तिंvi·mut·tiṃ सच्छिकरिस्सामा’ति।sac·chi·ka·ris·sā·mā

    ‘uttaruttari paṇītapaṇītaṁ vāyamamānā anuttaraṁ vimuttiṁ sacchikarissāmā’ti.

    ‘Trying to go higher and higher, better and better, we will realize the supreme bliss of freedom.’

89. 89

    एवञ्हिe·vañ·hi वो,vo आनन्द,ā·nan·da सिक्खितब्बन्”ति।sik·khi·tab·ban

    Evañhi vo, ānanda, sikkhitabban”ti.

    That’s how you should train.”

90. 90

    दसमं।da·sa·maṃ

    Dasamaṁ.

    (Pāli only)

91. 91

    उपासकवग्गोu·pā·sa·ka·vag·go ततियो।ta·ti·yo

    Upāsakavaggo tatiyo.

    (Pāli only)

92. 92

    तस्सुद्दानंtas·sud·dā·naṃ

    Tassuddānaṁ

    (Pāli only)

93. 93

    सारज्जंsā·raj·jaṃ विसारदोvi·sā·ra·do निरयं,ni·ra·yaṃ

    Sārajjaṁ visārado nirayaṁ,

    (Pāli only)

94. 94

    वेरंve·raṃ चण्डालपञ्चमं;caṇ·ḍā·la·pañ·ca·maṃ

    Veraṁ caṇḍālapañcamaṁ;

    (Pāli only)

95. 95

    पीतिpī·ti वणिज्जाva·ṇij·jā राजानो,rā·jā·no

    Pīti vaṇijjā rājāno,

    (Pāli only)

96. 96

    गिहीgi·hī चेवce·va गवेसिनाति।ga·ve·si·nā·ti

    Gihī ceva gavesināti.

    (Pāli only)

Sources. Sanskrit: Satyavedaḥ, the New Testament in Sanskrit (Calcutta Baptist Missionaries, 1851; J. Wenger’s revision of W. Carey’s version). Digital text © 2018 SanskritBible.in, via eBible.org, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0; changed here: arranged by verse and every word linked to the dictionary (links made automatically). Old Testament Sanskrit: the Old Testament in Sanskrit, Calcutta Baptist Mission Press, 1848–1852 (public domain), read by OCR from the Internet Archive scans of the Boston University School of Theology copy; unproofread, with machine clean-up only. Pāli Canon: Mahāsaṅgīti Tipiṭaka Buddhavasse 2500 (based on the Vipassana Research Institute’s Chaṭṭha Saṅgāyana edition), from SuttaCentral bilara-data, CC0; Devanagari and pronunciation made automatically from the Roman text. Pāli English: Bhikkhu Sujato (suttas) and Bhikkhu Brahmali (Vinaya), SuttaCentral, CC0. Pāli word meanings: the Pali Text Society’s Pali-English Dictionary (Rhys Davids & Stede), corrected reprint © The Pali Text Society, CC BY-NC 3.0, digital text from BuddhaDust; word matching automatic. English: King James Version (1769), public domain; words the translators added are in italics. Word meanings and pronunciations: Monier-Williams, Sanskrit–English Dictionary (1872), via this site’s Sanskrit dictionary (CC BY-SA 4.0); English↔Sanskrit word matches made automatically and may need checking.